Characteristics of persistent haze events and circulation analysis in Sichuan Basin in recent 36years
LUO Yu1,2, MA Zhen-feng2, ZHAO Peng-guo3, QING Qing-tao2, SUN Yu4, LIU Jia2, LI Xiao-Lan2, SUN Rui2
1. Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China;
2. Climate Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China;
3. College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China;
4. Meteorological disaster prevention technology center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China
Based on the statistical haze data over Sichuan Basin during 1981~2016, the climatic characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of persistent haze days, which refer to the haze events lasting 3 or more days and the circulation of typical haze process are analyzed. The results show that the annual average days of persistent haze events in Sichuan from 1981 to 2016 showed an increasing trend, the percentage of continuous haze days to total haze days was consistent with the increasing trend of total haze days, the increase of total haze days was mainly caused by the increase of continuous haze events. The spatial distribution of persistent haze events of Sichuan Basin was heterogeneous, which was very similar to the distribution of the total haze daysand mainly concentrated in the northeastern Sichuan urban agglomeration, Chengdu Plain urban agglomeration and southern Sichuan urban agglomeration. The range of haze-prone areas increased in 1981~2010 and decreased significantly in 2011~2016. It is found that the Sichuan Basin is in the region of high (cold) high (low) pressure when more (less) years (periods) of continuous haze events occur. The Ural blocking high is weak (strong), the Siberian high is weak (strong), the trough in East Asia is weak (strong), the basin is convergent (divergent) to a certain extent, exists (does not exist) an obvious inversion structure and the vertical upward motion is weak (strong), these conditions are conducive to the accumulation of pollutant particles in the shallow boundary layer (conducive to the diffusion of pollutants), resulting in the maintenance (dissipation) of haze events.
罗玉, 马振峰, 赵鹏国, 卿清涛, 孙彧, 刘佳, 李小兰, 孙蕊. 近36a来四川盆地持续霾事件特征及环流分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39(9): 3604-3615.
LUO Yu, MA Zhen-feng, ZHAO Peng-guo, QING Qing-tao, SUN Yu, LIU Jia, LI Xiao-Lan, SUN Rui. Characteristics of persistent haze events and circulation analysis in Sichuan Basin in recent 36years. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2019, 39(9): 3604-3615.
张小曳,孙俊英,王亚强,等.我国雾-霾成因及其治理的思考[J]. 科学通报, 2013,58(13):1178-1187. Zhang X Y, Sun J Y, Wang Y Q, et al. Factors contributing to haze and fog in China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2013,58(13):1178-1187.
[2]
QX/T 113-2010霾的观测与预报等级[S]. QX/T 113-2010 Observation and forecast level of haze[S].
[3]
丁一汇,柳艳菊.近50年我国雾和霾的长期变化特征及其与大气湿度的关系[J]. 中国科学:地球科学, 2014,44(1):37-48. Ding Y H, Liu Y J. Analysis of long-term variations of fog and haze in China in recent 50years and their relations with atmospheric humidity[J]. Science China:Earth Sciences, 2014,44(1):37-48.
[4]
袁东敏,马小会.2016年12月16~21日重度霾过程及大气环流异常[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2017,22(6):757-764. Yuan D M, Ma X H. The severe haze process in 16-21December 2016 and associated atmospheric circulation anomalies[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2017,22(6):757-764.
[5]
李云祯,周平,陈军辉,等.成都市空气质量指数与雾霾的关系研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2016,25(11):1760-1766. Li Y Z, Zhou P, Chen J H, et al. The relational study of Chengdu AQI and haze[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2016,25(11):1760-1766.
[6]
张立多,叶文健,陈德花,等.灰霾天气对厦门市能见度影响问题初探[J]. 气象研究与应用, 2007,28(增刊Ⅱ):149-150. Zhang L D, Ye W J, Chen D H, et al. Preliminary study on the influence of haze weather on visibility in Xiamen[J].Journal of Meteorological Research and Application,2007,28(Supplement Ⅱ):149-150.
[7]
白志鹏,蔡斌彬,董海燕,等.灰霾的健康效应[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2006,28(3):198-200. Bai Z P, Cai B B, Dong H Y, et al. Adverse health effects caused by dust haze-a review[J]. Environmental Pollution Control. 2006,28(3):198-200.
[8]
高歌.1961~2005年中国霾日气候特征及变化分析[J]. 地理学报, 2008,63(7):761-768. Gao G.The climatic characteristics and change of haze days over China during 1961~2005[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008,63(7):761-768.
[9]
孙彧,马振峰,牛涛,等.最近40年中国雾日数和霾日数的气候变化特征[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2013,18(3):397-406. Sun Y, Ma Z F, Liu T, et al. Characteristics of climate change with respect to fog days and haze days in China in the past 40years[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2013,18(3):397-406.
[10]
崔妍,赵春雨,周晓宇,等.东北地区近50年来霾天气气候特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(6):1630-1637. Cui Y, Zhao C Y, Zhou X Y, et al. Climatic characteristics of haze days in Northeast of China over the past 50years[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36(6):1630-1637.
[11]
Vautard R, Yiou P, Van Oldenborgh G J. Decline of fog, mist and haze in Europe over the past 30years[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2009,2(2):115-119.
[12]
宋连春,高荣,李莹,等.1961~2012年中国冬半年霾日数的变化特征及气候成因分析[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2013,9(5):313-318. Song L C, Gao R, Li Y, et al. Analysis of China's haze days in winter half year and climatic background during 1961~2012[J]. Climate Change Research, 2013,9(5):313-318.
[13]
王丛梅,杨永胜,李永占,等.2013年1月河北省中南部严重污染的气象条件及成因分析[J]. 环境科学研究, 2013,26(7):695-702. Wang C M, Yang Y S, Li Y Z, et al. Analysis on the meteorological condition and formation mechanism of serious pollution in south Hebei Province in January[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2013,26(7):695-702.
[14]
袁媛,周宁芳,李崇银.中国华北雾霾天气与超强EL Nino事件的相关性研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 2017,60(1):11-21,doi:10.6038/cjg20170102. Yuan Y, Zhou L F, Li C Y. Correlation between haze in North China and super EL Nino events[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2017, 60(1):11-21,doi:10.6038/cjg20170102.
[15]
严中伟,裴琳,周天军,等.2017年冬季北京霾日极少的大尺度气候和环流背景:兼论"霾气候"预测研究[J]. 气象学报, 2018,76(5):816-823. Yan Z W, Pei L, Zhou T J, et al. Unusually clear sky in Beijing during winter 2017 and the underlying large-scale climatic anomalies:With implication for "haze-climate"study[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2018,76(5):816-823.
[16]
吴萍,丁一汇,柳艳菊,等.中国中东部冬季霾日的形成与东亚冬季风和大气湿度的关系[J]. 气象学报, 2016,74(3):352-366. Wu P, Ding Y H, Liu Y J, et al. Influence of th East Asian winter monsoon and atmospheric humidity on the wintertime haze frequency over central-eastern China[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2016,74(3):352-366.
[17]
尹志聪,王会军,袁东敏.华北黄淮冬季霾年代际增多与东亚冬季风的减弱[J]. 科学通报, 2015,60(15):1395-1400. Yin Z C, Wang H J, Yuan D M. Interdecadal increase of haze in winter over North Cbina and the Huang-huai Area and the weakening of the East Asia Winter Monsoon[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2015,60(15):1395-1400.
[18]
Wang H J, Chen H P, Liu J P. Arctic sea ice decline intensified haze pollution in eastern China[J]. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. Lett., 2015,8(1):1-9.
[19]
Ning G C, Wang S G, Ma M J, et al. Characteristics of air pollution in different zones of Sichuan Basin, China[J]. 2017, Science of the Total Environment, 612:975.
[20]
Chen H P, Wang H J. Haze Days in North China and the associated atmospheric circulations based on daily visibility data from 1960 to 2012[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2015, 120(12):5895-5909.
[21]
Chen Y, Xie S D, Luo B, et al. Characteristics and origins of carbonaceous aerosol in the Sichuan Basin,China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014,94(94):215-223.
[22]
陈朝平,杨康权,冯良敏,等.四川盆地一次持续性雾霾天气过程分析[J]. 高原山地气象研究, 2015,35(3):73-77. Chen C P, Yang K Q, Feng L M, et al. Analysis of a duration haze events in Sichuan Basin[J]. Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research, 2015,35(3):73-77.
[23]
周祥华,倪长健,谭贵蓉.四川盆地南部一次持续性雾霾过程的特征及成因分析[J]. 高原山地气象研究, 2018,38(3):51-55. Zhou X H, Ni C J, Tan G R. Characteristics and cause analysis of a persistent haze process in Southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research, 2018,38(3):51-55.
[24]
刘馨语,陈权亮.四川盆地大气层结变化及其对雾霾天气影响的个例研究[J]. 四川环境, 2016,35(3):83-89. Liu X Y, Chen Q L. The change features of the atmospheric stratification and case study of its impact on the haze weather in Sichuan Basin[J]. Sichuan Environment, 2016,35(3):83-89.
[25]
刘佳,马振峰,孙彧.1981~2014年四川不同强度霾时空特征及气候成因[J]. 环境科学学报, 2016,36(12):4328-4339. Liu J, Ma Z F, Sun Y. Spatial-temporal characteristics of haze days with different intensities in Sichuan during 1981~2014 and their climate causes[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2016,36(12):4328-4339.
[26]
郭晓梅,陈娟,赵天良,等.1961~2010年四川盆地霾气候特征及其影响因子[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2014,30(6):100-107. Guo X M, Chen J, Zhao T L, et al. Climate characteristics of haze and its impacting factors from 1961 to 2010 in Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2014,30(6):100-107.
[27]
赵佶,白爱娟.四川盆地霾天气变化特征和典型霾过程分析[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2015,38(6P):71-76. Zhao J, Bai A J. Variation characteristics of haze in Sichuan Basin and a typical haze process analysi[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015,38(6P):71-76.
[28]
徐祥德,王寅钧,赵天良,等.中国大地形东侧霾空间分布"避风港"效应及其"气候调节"影响下的年代际变异[J]. 科学通报, 2015, 60(12):1132-1143. Xu X D, Wang Y J, Zhao T L, et al. "Harbor"effect of large topography on haze distribution in eastern China and its climate modulation on decadal variations in haze China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2015,60(12):1132-1143.
[29]
蒋婉婷,谢汶静,王碧菡,等.2014~2016年四川盆地重污染大气环流形势特征分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2019,39(1):180-188. Jiang W T, Xie W J, Wang B H, et al. Analysis on the characteristics of heavy pollution atmospheric circulation in the Sichuan Basin from 2014~2016[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019,39(1):180-188.
[30]
Wang N, Ling Z H, Deng X J, et al. Source Contributions to PM2.5 under Unfavorable Weather Conditions in Guangzhou City, China[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2018,35(9):1145-1159.
[31]
孙彧、马振峰,刘佳,等.不同判别方法下四川霾日的气候变化特征[J]. 环境科学学报, 2016,36(11):3913-3921. Sun Y, Ma Z F, Liu J, et al. Climate change characteristics of haze days in Sichuan under different identification methods[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2016,36(11):3913-3921.
[32]
戴永立,陶俊,林泽健,等.2006~2009年我国超大城市霾天气特征及影响因子分析[J]. 环境科学, 2013,34(8):2926-2932. Dai Y L, Tao J, Lin Z J, et al. Characteristics of haze and its impact factors in four megacities in China during 2006~2009[J]. Environmental Science, 2013,34(8):2926-2932.
[33]
宁贵财.四川盆地西北部城市群冬季大气污染气象成因及其数值模拟研究[D]. 兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文, 2018. Ning G C. Meteorological causes of air pollution in the Northwest Urban Agglomeration of Sichuan Basin in winter and their numerical simulation[D]. Lanzhou:Master's degree thesis of Lanzhou University, 2018.
[34]
郭晓梅.四川盆地空气质量气候特征及其大地形影响效应的观测模拟研究[D]. 南京:南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文, 2016. Guo X M. Observed and simulated research on climate characteristic of air quality and the topographic induced effects in Sichuan Basin[D]. Nanjing:Master's degree thesis of Nanjing University Information Engineering, 2016.
[35]
史军,崔林丽,贺千山,等.华东雾和霾日数的变化特征及成因分析[J]. 地理学报, 2010,65(5):533-542. Shi J, Cui L L, He Q S, et al. The Changes and causes of fog and haze days in Eastern China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010,65(5):533-542.
[36]
Yang Y J, Wu B W, Shi C N, et al. Impacts of urbanization and station-relocation on surface air temperature series in Anhui Province, China[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2012,170(11):1969-1983.
何沐全,刘志红,张颖,等.川南城市群大气灰霾时空分布特征及成因分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018.37(2):432-442. He M Q, Liu Z H, Zhang Y, et al. Analyses on the spatial-temporal distribution features and causing factors of atmospheric haze in the southern city-group of Sichuan[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018.37(2):432-442.
[39]
Zhao C S, Yang S F, et al. Analysis on the distribution and trend of low visibility in north China plain[C] (in Chinese).
