A composite electrolyte with citric acid and ferric chloride was used to study the effects of different electrolyte concentrations on U(VI) migration behavior and energy efficiency. The results revealed the optimal concentration combination was 0.1mol/L for citric acid, and 0.03mol/L for FeCl3. The corresponding removal efficiency of uranium was about (61.55±0.41)%, the cumulative energy consumption was 0.2559kW·h, and the energy utilization ratio β was (0.24±0.02)×103. Visual MNIETQ software was further used to simulate theaqueous U speciation in citric acid and ferric chloride solutions at pH 3.0. The results showed that a large amount of uranium-citrate complex (UO2-Citrate-) and a small amount of uranyl ion (UO22+) existed in the process, and uranium mainly migrated from cathode to anode. When the concentration of ferric chloride increased to 0.05mol/L, the removal rate of uranium decreased correspondingly. This phenomenon was related to the strength and direction of electroosmotic flow and the adsorption of colloidal hydroxide. Compared with single citric acid and hydrochloric acidelectrolyte, the electrolyte combined with citric acid and ferric chloride has the advantages of higher removal efficiency, lower leaching toxicity and little harm after electrokinetic (EK) remediation.
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