Study on the accumulation of heavy metals and influencing factors in the soil of facility vegetable fields
LU Wei-hong1,2,3, LIU Juan1,2, ZHANG Nai-mming1,2, ZHANG Yu-juan1,2, HAO Kang-wei1,2, REN Li-juan1,2, YU Chang1,2, HOU Hong4
1. College of Resource and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; 2. Yunnan Soil Fertility and Pollution Restoration Laboratory, Kunming 650201, China; 3. School of Environment and Surveying Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234099, China; 4. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
Abstract：The accumulation of heavy metals in facility cultivation soil has become a prominent environmental problem. In this study, by collecting soil and fertilizer samples from representative facility vegetable production areas in eight provinces across the country, we systematically studied the effects of facility cultivation years, fertilizer application, and soil properties on the accumulation and activity of heavy metals Cu, Zn, and Cd in facility vegetable soils. The results showed that compared with open-air cultivation, the total and available concentration of Cu, Zn and Cd in the soil showed an obvious accumulation trend with the extension of planting years under facility conditions; when the years of cultivation were more than 15a, the total and available Cu, Zn, and Cd concentration in the facility soils were 1.57, 2.16, 1.67, 3.28, 1.96, and 2.00 times higher than that of the open-air cultivation soil, respectively. Pearson analysis revealed that the Cu, Zn, and Cd concentrations in the facility soil were associated with the soil SOM at an extremely significant level, indicating a high similarity in source among the heavy metals. Further analysis of the content of Cu, Zn, Cd, and soil SOM reached a very significant correlation, indicating a strong similarity in source, and further analyses on the contents of Cu, Zn, and Cd sourced from main agromaterials, showed the concentrations of both Cu and Zn in pig manure, commercial organic fertilizer and soil conditioner were greater than 100mg/kg, and that of Cd exceeded 1.0mg/kg. These agromaterial-sourced Cu, Zn and Cd could be considered the main contributors to the total amount of the heavy metals in the facility soil due to their large inputs to the soil. While the Cu, Zn, and Cd in straw and some chemical fertilizers (such as urea and K2SO4) were at an extremely low level, and their contributions to the accumulated heavy metals in the facility soil were basically neglectable; Both pH and CEC were confirmed as key factors influencing the cumulative activities of Cu, Zn, and Cd in the soil. As the pH increased, the soil Cu activity showed a trend of rising at first and then decreasing, while the soil Cd activity showed a continuous downtrend, reaching a significant correlation level only when pH<6.26; As the increase of soil CEC, the acidity of soil Cu showed a downtrend at first, followed by rising and then downtrend again; and the activity of soil Cd showed rising first, followed by slight downtrend and then rising again. While the activity of soil Zn only showed a significant linear correlation trend when CEC was lower than 5.83 as CEC increased. Therefore, preventing the accumulation and pollution of Cu, Zn, and Cd in the facility cultivation soil, choosing fertilizers with low heavy metal content and regulating the physical and chemical properties of the soil (especially pH and CEC) are effective means to alleviate the accumulation velocity of heavy metals in the facility cultivation soil and ensure the quality and safety of vegetables.
卢维宏, 刘娟, 张乃明, 张玉娟, 郝康伟, 任利娟, 于畅, 侯红. 设施菜地土壤重金属累积及影响因素研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(6): 2744-2753.
LU Wei-hong, LIU Juan, ZHANG Nai-mming, ZHANG Yu-juan, HAO Kang-wei, REN Li-juan, YU Chang, HOU Hong. Study on the accumulation of heavy metals and influencing factors in the soil of facility vegetable fields. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(6): 2744-2753.
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