基于光电化学还原的硝酸盐去除技术研究进展

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摘要硝酸盐作为水体中常见的污染物对人体和生态环境的危害不容忽视.在能源危机日益严峻的今天,开发绿色清洁、可持续的硝酸盐去除技术以替代资源密集型的传统反硝化技术是亟待攻克的目标.以太阳光作为动力的光电化学硝酸盐还原技术是国内外研究热点,其根据半导体光生电子传递至硝酸盐的方式可分为光催化还原、光电催化还原和微生物光电营养还原.本综述阐述了三种光电化学还原技术及其机理,并以提升系统性能为重点,归纳总结了光催化剂、光电极、微生物光敏剂遴选和设计策略,厘清了光电化学硝酸盐还原技术难点,提出了借助基因工程等手段调控微生物吸收和利用光生电子途径等未来探索方向,从而为开发硝酸盐去除和资源化新技术提供了参考.

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	黄天荣
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	汪涵
	王亚宜

关键词 ：光电化学, 硝酸盐去除, 光催化剂, 光电极, 光敏剂

Abstract：As a common pollutant in water, nitrate has nonnegligible harmful effects on human health and the ecological environment. Faced with an increasingly severe energy crisis, the development of green, clean and sustainable nitrate removal technologies to replace the conventional resource-intensive denitrification process is urgently needed. Photoelectrochemical nitrate reduction powered by sunlight has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. Based on the way photogenerated electrons being transferred from semiconductor to nitrate, this technology can be categorized into photocatalytic reduction, photoelectrocatalytic reduction, and microbial photoelectrotrophic reduction. In this review, the mechanisms of three photoelectrochemical nitrate reduction technologies were discussed. With a focus on improving system performance, the selection and design strategies of photocatalysts, photoelectrodes and microbial photosensitizers were also summarized. Moreover, the technical difficulties of photoelectrochemical nitrate reduction are clarified and the future directions of research are proposed, such as regulating the pathway of microbial absorption and utilization of photogenerated electrons through genetic engineering and other methods. The insights provided will serve as a reference for the development of new nitrate removal and reutilization technologies.

Key words： photoelectrochemistry nitrate removal photocatalyst photoelectrode photosensitizer

收稿日期: 2024-09-04

PACS:

X703

基金资助:国家杰出青年科学基金(52225001)

作者简介: 黄天荣(2000-),男,广东云浮人,同济大学硕士研究生,主要从事废水脱氮工艺研究.1037940545@qq.com.

引用本文:

黄天荣, 王凯冲, 李子滨, 李丹萍, 汪涵, 王亚宜. 基于光电化学还原的硝酸盐去除技术研究进展[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(4): 1878-1888. HUANG Tian-rong, WANG Kai-chong, LI Zi-bin, LI Dan-ping, WANG Han, WANG Ya-yi. Research progress of nitrate removal technologies based on photoelectrochemical reduction. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(4): 1878-1888.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I4/1878

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