沈阳市冬季不同污染程度PM2.5中OC和EC污染特征

张毓秀; 任万辉; 王嘉禾; 苏枞枞; 张瑞芳; 于兴娜

PDF(1800 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7) : 3066-3075.

大气污染与控制

沈阳市冬季不同污染程度PM_2.5中OC和EC污染特征

张毓秀¹, 任万辉², 王嘉禾¹, 苏枞枞², 张瑞芳¹, 于兴娜¹

作者信息 +

Characteristics of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) under different pollution levels of PM_2.5 during winter in Shenyang

ZHANG Yu-xiu¹, REN Wan-hui², WANG Jia-he¹, SU Zong-zong², ZHANG Rui-fang¹, YU Xing-na¹

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

于2018年12月~2019年1月对沈阳市PM_2.5进行持续在线浓度监测，使用有机碳/元素碳分析仪对PM_2.5中有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）的质量浓度进行分析，研究了不同污染程度下PM_2.5及其碳组分的污染特征和来源.结果表明，沈阳地区冬季碳组分污染较为严重，不同污染程度下的总碳气溶胶（TCA）约占PM_2.5的36.3%~42.8%.中/重度污染天气下PM_2.5、OC和EC的平均质量浓度达到148.6，29.6，6.6μg/m³，是清洁天的3.1~3.3倍.PM_2.5、OC和EC的日变化均表现为早晚高、午后低，任一时刻其浓度均为中/重度污染>轻度污染>清洁天.不同污染程度下的OC/EC值均大于2，其中污染天比值分布在2.1~25.3区间内，表明燃煤和机动车尾气排放是污染天碳质气溶胶的主要来源.二次有机碳（SOC）随污染程度增加表现出升高趋势，清洁天、轻度污染和中/重度污染下其平均浓度依次为2.9，6.5，10.6μg/m³.后向轨迹聚类结果表明，沈阳地区冬季污染天主要受偏北和西北方向气团影响.

Abstract

The organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM_2.5 were measured by organic carbon/elemental carbon analyzer from December 2018 to January 2019 in Shenyang. The pollution characteristics of carbon components under different pollution levels were studied. The pollution of carbon component was serious in winter of Shenyang, and the total carbon aerosol (TCA) accounted for 36.3%~42.8% of PM_2.5 at different pollution levels. The average mass concentrations of PM_2.5, OC and EC were 148.6, 29.6 and 6.6μg/m³ in moderate/heavy pollution days respectively, which were 3.1~3.3times of those in clean days. The diurnal variations of PM_2.5, OC and EC showed a high value in the morning and evening and low in the afternoon. At any time, the concentrations of PM_2.5, OC and EC showed as moderate/heavy pollution> light pollution> clean days. The OC/EC ratios under different pollution levels were all higher than 2. The OC/EC ratio of pollution days ranged from 2.1 to 25.3, which indicated that coal combustion and vehicle exhaust emissions were the main sources of OC and EC in pollution days. The secondary organic carbon (SOC) increased with pollution levels, with the concentration of 2.9, 6.5 and 10.6μg/m³ in clean, light pollution and moderate/heavy pollution days, respectively. The backward trajectory simulation showed that the pollution days in winter of Shenyang were mainly affected by air masses from the northward and northwest directions.

导出引用

张毓秀, 任万辉, 王嘉禾, 苏枞枞, 张瑞芳, 于兴娜. 沈阳市冬季不同污染程度PM_2.5中OC和EC污染特征[J]. 中国环境科学. 2021, 41(7): 3066-3075

ZHANG Yu-xiu, REN Wan-hui, WANG Jia-he, SU Zong-zong, ZHANG Rui-fang, YU Xing-na. Characteristics of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) under different pollution levels of PM_2.5 during winter in Shenyang[J]. China Environmental Science. 2021, 41(7): 3066-3075

中图分类号： X513

参考文献

[1] Tiwari S, Dumka U C, Kaskaoutis D G, et al. Aerosol chemical characterization and role of carbonaceous aerosol on radiative effect over Varanasi in central Indo-Gangetic Plain[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2016,125(B):437-449.
[2] Offenberg J H, Baker J E. Aerosol size distributions of elemental and organic carbon in urban and over-water atmospheres[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2000,34(10):1509-1517.
[3] 王申博,范相阁,和兵,等.河南省春节和疫情影响情景下PM_2.5组分特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(12):5115-5123. Wang S B, Fan X G, He B, et al. Chemical composition characteristics of PM_2.5 in Henan Province during the Spring Festival and COVID-19outbreak[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(12):5115-5123.
[4] 王果,迪丽努尔·塔力甫,买里克扎提·买合木提,等.乌鲁木齐市PM_2.5和PM_2.5_~₁₀中碳组分季节性变化特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(2):356-362. Wang G, Dilnur T, Mailikezhati M, et al. Seasonal changes of carbonaceous species in PM_2.5, PM_2.5~10 in Urumqi[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36(2):356-362.
[5] Balachandran S, Pachon J E, Lee S, et al. Particulate and gas sampling of prescribed fires in South Georgia, USA[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013,81:125-135.
[6] 段卿,安俊琳,王红磊,等.南京北郊夏季大气颗粒物中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征[J]. 环境科学, 2014,35(7):2460-2467. Duan Q, An J L, Wang H L, et al. Pollution characteristics of organic and elemental carbon in atmospheric particles in Nanjing northern suburb in summer[J]. Environmental Science, 2014,35(7):2460-2467.
[7] 倪登峰,刘素,曹力媛,等.太原市采暖季PM_2.5组分特征及重污染事件分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(7):2821-2828. Ni D F, Liu S, Cao L Y, et al. Composition characteristic of PM_2.5 and heavy pollution events in Taiyuan City during heating season[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(7):2821-2828.
[8] 张伟,姬亚芹,李金,等.鞍山市夏冬季PM_2.5中碳组分化学特征及来源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(5):1657-1662. Zhang W, Ji Y Q, Li J, et al. The characteristics and source apportionment of carbon fractions in PM_2.5 during summer-winter period in Anshan city[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(5):1657-1662.
[9] Bond T C, Bhardwaj E, Dong R, et al. Historical emissions of black and organic carbon aerosol from energy-related combustion, 1850~2000[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2007,21(2):1-16.
[10] 张海潇,郭照冰,陈善莉,等.南京北郊冬夏季大气PM_2.5中碳质组分浓度及同位素组成研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018,38(9):45-50. Zhang H X, Guo Z B, Chen S L, et al. Concentration and isotopic composition of carbonaceous components in PM_2.5 during winter and summer in the northern suburb of Nanjing[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018,38(9):45-50.
[11] Kaufman Y J, Tanré D, Boucher O. A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system[J]. Nature, 2002,419(6903):215-223.
[12] 张晗宇,温维,程水源,等.京津冀区域典型重污染过程与反馈效应研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(4):1209-1220. Zhang H Y, Wen W, Cheng S Y, et al. Study on typical heavy pollution process and feedback effect in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(4):1209-1220.
[13] 沈铁迪,王体健,陈璞珑,等.南京城区夏秋季能见度与PM_2.5化学成分的关系[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(3):652-658. Shen T D, Wang T J, Chen P L, et al. Relationship between atmospheric visibility and chemical composition of PM_2.5 in the summer and autumn of Nanjing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(3):652-658.
[14] Jacobson M Z. Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols[J]. Nature, 2001,409(6821):695-697.
[15] 孙兆彬,安兴琴,崔夢夢,等.北京地区颗粒物健康效应研究——沙尘天气、非沙尘天气下颗粒物PM_2.5、PM₁₀对心血管疾病入院人次的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(8):2536-2544. Sun Z B, An X Q, Cui M M, et al. The effect of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases admission visitors in Beijing areas during dust weather, non-dust weather and haze pollution[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36(8):2536-2544.
[16] Tie X, Wu D, Brasseur G. Lung cancer mortality and exposure to atmospheric aerosol particles in Guangzhou, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2009,43(14):2375-2377.
[17] 甘婷,李梅,黄正旭,等.不同季节广东鹤山超级站大气颗粒物中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)粒径分布研究[J]. 分析化学, 2015, 43(12):1934-1941. Gan T, Li M, Huang Z X, et al. Study on size distribution of organic carbon and elemental carbon in different seasons in Guangdong atmospheric supersite[J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2015,43(12):1934-1941.
[18] 薛凡利,牛红亚,武振晓,等.邯郸市PM_2.5中碳组分的污染特征及来源分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(5):1885-1894. Xue F L, Niu H Y, Wu Z X, et al. Pollution characteristics and sources of carbon components in PM_2.5 in Handan City[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(5):1885-1894.
[19] 程渊,刘保双,毕晓辉,等.天津市区夏冬季环境空气PM_2.5中碳组分污染特征及来源研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018,38(9):3394-3405. Cheng Y, Liu B S, Bi X H, et al. Character and source analysis of carbonaceous aerosol in PM_2.5 during summer-winter period, Tianjin urban area[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018,38(9):3394-3405.
[20] 安欣欣,张大伟,冯鹏,等.北京城区夏季PM_2.5中碳组分和二次水溶性无机离子浓度特征[J]. 环境化学, 2016,35(4):713-720. An X X, Zhang D W, Feng P, et al. Characteristics of carbon components and secondary water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_2.5 in summer in urban Beijing[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2016,35(4):713-720.
[21] 沙丹丹,王红磊,朱彬,等.冬季PM_2.5中含碳气溶胶的污染特征——长江三角洲地区一次区域重污染过程分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(10):3611-3622. Sha D D, Wang H L, Zhu B, et al. Pollution characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols in PM_2.5 during a regional heavy air pollution episode in winter in the Yangtze River Delta[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(10):3611-3622.
[22] 云龙龙,陆钒,张天舒,等.无锡市冬季典型天气PM_2.5中碳组分的污染特征[J]. 环境科学, 2014,35(9):3280-3286. Yun L L, Lu F, Zhang T S, et al. Pollution characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols in PM_2.5 during winter days in Wuxi City[J]. Environmental Science, 2014,35(9):3280-3286.
[23] 曾兆荷,张海潇,赵云卿,等.南京北郊冬夏季大气PM_2.5中水溶性有机碳的研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2019,39(11):3659-3667. Zeng Z H, Zhang H X, Zhao Y Q, et al. The study of water-soluble organic carbon in PM_2.5 during winter and summer in the northern suburb of Nanjing[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019,39(11):3659-3667.
[24] 杨毅红,瞿群,刘随心,等.夏季珠江三角洲地区PM_2.5化学组分特征及其对大气能见度的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2015,36(8):2758-2767. Yang Y H, Qu Q, Liu S X, et al. Chemical compositions in PM_2.5 and its impact on visibility in summer in Pearl River Delta, China[J]. Environmental Science, 2015,36(8):2758-2767.
[25] Lai S C, Zhao Y, Ding A J, et al. Characterization of PM_2.5 and the major chemical components during a 1-year campaign in rural Guangzhou, Southern China[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2016,167:208-215.
[26] 张大宇,刘效峰,彭林,等.太原市PM_2.5中含碳气溶胶特征分析[J]. 环境化学, 2019,38(12):2719-2727. Zhang D Y, Liu X F, Peng L, et al. Analysis of characteristic of carbonaceous aerosols in PM_2.5 of Taiyuan[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2019,38(12):2719-2727.
[27] 康宝荣,刘立忠,刘焕武,等.关中地区细颗粒物碳组分特征及来源解析[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(8):3431-3437. Kang B R, Liu L Z, Liu H W, et al. Sources of carbonaceous components in PM_2.5 in the Guanzhong area[J]. Environmental Science, 2019,40(8):3431-3437.
[28] 张蒙,韩力慧,刘保献,等.北京市冬季重污染期间PM_2.5及其组分演变特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(7):2829-2838. Zhang M, Han L H, Liu B X, et al. Evolution of PM_2.5 and its components during heavy pollution episodes in winter in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(7):2829-2838.
[29] 操文祥,陈楠,田一平,等.武汉地区秋冬季清洁与重污染过程的水溶性离子特征研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2017,37(1):82-88. Cao W X, Chen N, Tian Y P, et al. Characteristic analysis of water-solution ions during clean and heavy pollution processes in autumn and winter in Wuhan[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017, 37(1):82-88.
[30] 苗青青,姜楠,张瑞芹,等.中原城市群典型城市秋冬季大气PM_2.5污染特征及溯源[J]. 环境科学, 2021,42(1):19-29. Miao Q Q, Jiang N, Zhang R Q, et al. Characteristic and sources of PM_2.5 pollution in typical cities of the Central Plains urban agglomeration in autumn and winter[J]. Environmental Science, 2021,42(1):19-29.
[31] 张显,田莎莎,刘盈盈,等.沈阳市采暖期与非采暖期空气PM_2.5污染特征及来源分析[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(3):1062-1070. Zhang X, Tian S S, Liu Y Y, et al. Pollution characteristics and source apportionment of PM_2.5 in heating and non-heating periods in Shenyang[J]. Environmental Science, 2019,40(3):1062-1070.
[32] 吴丹,张立平,夏广锋,等.沈阳市大气中PM_2.5来源解析研究[J]. 环境监测管理与技术, 2020,32(1):18-22. Wu D, Zhang L P, Xia G F, et al. Study on source apportionment of PM_2.5 in ambient air of Shenyang[J]. The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring, 2020,32(1):18-22.
[33] 田莎莎,张显,卞思思,等.沈阳市PM_2.5污染组分特征及其来源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(2):487-496. Tian S S, Zhang X, Bian S S, et al. Characteristics of PM_2.5 pollution components and their sources in Shenyang[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(2):487-496.
[34] 国纪良,姬亚芹,马妍,等.盘锦市夏冬季PM_2.5中碳组分污染特征及来源分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(8):3201-3206. Guo J L, Ji Y Q, Ma Y, et al. Pollution characteristics and sources of carbon components in PM_2.5 during summer and winter in Panjin city[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(8):3201-3206.
[35] 康宝荣.关中地区秋冬季颗粒物中碳组分的污染特征及来源解析[D]. 西安:西安建筑科技大学, 2019.
[36] GB 3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S]. GB 3095-2012 Ambient air quality standard[S].
[37] 胡起超,胡恭任,于瑞莲,等.厦门市冬季大气PM_2.5中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征[J]. 地球与环境, 2016,44(3):336-341. Hu Q C, Hu G R, Yu R L, et al. Characteristics of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM_2.5 in winter in Xiamen City, China[J]. Earth and Environment, 2016,44(3):336-341.
[38] 刘晶晶,胡献舟,黄凤莲,等.广州PM_2.5中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征[J]. 湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2019,34(4):111-117. Liu J J, Hu X Z, Huang F L, et al. Characteristic of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM_2.5 in Guangzhou, China[J]. Journal of Hunan University of Science & Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2019,34(4):111-117.
[39] 张俊峰,韩力慧,程水源,等.京津冀地区典型城市大气细颗粒物碳质组分污染特征及来源[J]. 环境科学研究, 2020,33(8):1729-1739. Zhang J F, Han L H, Cheng S Y, et al. Characteristics and sources of carbon pollution of fine particulate matter in typical cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2020,33(8):1729-1739.
[40] Turpin B J, Lim H J. Species contributions to PM_2.5 mass concentrations:revisiting common assumptions for estimating organic mass[J]. Aerosol Science and Technology, 2001,35(1):602-610.
[41] Turpin B J, Cary R A, Huntzicker J J. An in situ, time-resolved analyzer for aerosol organic and elemental carbon[J]. Aerosol Science and Technology, 1990,12(1):161-171.
[42] Turpin B J, Huntzicker J J. Secondary formation of organic aerosol in the Los Angeles basin:A descriptive analysis of organic and elemental carbon concentrations[J]. Atmospheric Environment Part A General Topics, 1991,25(2):207-215.
[43] 康晖,朱彬,王红磊,等.长三角典型站点冬季大气PM_2.5中OC、EC污染特征[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(3):961-971. Kang H, Zhu B, Wang H L, et al. Characteristics and variation of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM_2.5 during the winter in the Yangtze River Delta region, China[J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(3):961-971.
[44] Castro L M, Pio C A, Harrison R M, et al. Carbonaceous aerosol in urban and rural European atmospheres:estimation of secondary organic carbon concentrations[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1999, 33(17):2771-2781.
[45] Schauer J J, Kleeman M J, Cass G R, et al. Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources:2.C₁ through C₃₀ organic compounds from medium duty diesel trucks[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 1999,33(10):1578-1587.
[46] Chen Y, Sheng G, Bi X, et al. Emission factors for carbonaceous particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential coal combustion in China[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005,39(6):1861-1867.
[47] Zhang Y X, Shao M, Zhang Y H, et al. Source profiles of particulate organic matters emitted from cereal straw burnings[J]. Journal of Environmental Science, 2007,19(2):167-175.
[48] He L Y, Hu M, Huang X F, et al. Measurement of emissions of fine particulate organic matter from Chinese cooking[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2004,38(38):6557-6564.
[49] 沈阳市统计局.沈阳市2020年统计年鉴[EB/OL]. http://tjj.shenyang.gov.cn/html/SYTJJ/15620336218981/15620336218981/15620336218981/3621898159760298.html, 2020-12-31. Shenyang City Statistics Bureau. Shenyang statistical yearbook 2020[EB/OL]. 2020, http://tjj.shenyang.gov.cn/html/SYTJJ/15620336218981/15620336218981/15620336218981/3621898159760298.html.
[50] 辽宁省生态环境厅. 辽宁省人民政府关于印发辽宁省打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动方案(2018~2020年)的通知[EB/OL]. 2019,http://sthj.ln.gov.cn/xxgk/flfg/gfxwj/zfgzhgfxwj/201905/t20190516_3671340.html. Department of Ecology and Environment of Liaoning Province. Notice of the people's government of Liaoning province on issuing the three-year action plan (2018~2020) for winning the blue sky defense war[EB/OL]. 2019, http://sthj.ln.gov.cn/xxgk/flfg/gfxwj/zfgzhgfxwj/201905/t20190516_3671340.html.
[51] Kleindienst T E, Jaoui M, Lewandowski M, et al. Estimates of the contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons to secondary organic aerosol at a southeastern US location[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2007,41(37):8288-8300.
[52] Lim H J, Turpin B J. Origins of primary and secondary organic aerosol in Atlanta:Results of time-resolved measurements during the Atlanta supersite experiment[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2002, 36(21):4489-4496.
[53] 黄怡民,张六一,刘源,等.万州城区空气污染过程中含碳气溶胶的变化特征[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2019,41(4):72-78. Huang Y M, Zhang L Y, Liu Y, et al. Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols during air pollution episodes in the urban Wanzhou area[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2019,41(4):72-78.
[54] 张智答,王晓琦,张晗宇,等.京津冀地区典型城市秋冬季PM_2.5输送特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(3):993-1004. Zhang Z D, Wang X Q, Zhang H Y, et al. PM_2.5 transport characteristics of typical cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in autumn and winter[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(3):993-1004.