贡嘎冰川水环境中全氟及多氟化合物的污染特征及排放通量

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (851 KB) HTML (0 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract Twenty one per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water samples collected from Hailuogou area of Gongga Mountain were analyzed by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to study the occurrence characteristics of PFASs in Gongga Glacier. The results showed that 11 PFASs were detected, with concentrations of 7.09~106ng/L(average 30.2ng/L). The main PFASs were perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA, 131ng/L), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 37.2ng/L) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, 17.1ng/L). The highest concentration occurred at Caohaizi area with an altitude of 2735m, with the total concentration of 106ng/L. There is no direct emission source here, and high concentrations of PFASs in rainfall indicate the sources from the dry and wet deposition of the atmosphere. The annual emission flux of PFASs in Hailuogou was 0.2197t/a, and PFOA displayed the highest emission flux (0.0762t/a), accounting for 34.71% of the total emission flux, followed by PFHpA (0.0317t/a) and PFBA (0.0285t/a) accounting for 14.43% and 12.96%, respectively. More attention should be paid to monitor PFASs in Hailuogou area to provide data for scientific management and control on PFASs.

Key words： per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances glacier pollution characteristics emission flux

Received: 27 March 2023

PACS:

X832

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	HUANG Yu
	CHEN Zhao-hui
	LI Yu-tao
	ZHANG Hui
	LIU Wei
	FANG Shu-hong

Cite this article:

HUANG Yu,CHEN Zhao-hui,LI Yu-tao等. Pollution characteristics and emission flux of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Gongga Glacier[J]. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2023, 43(10): 5444-5452.

URL:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/ OR http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/Y2023/V43/I10/5444

[1]	陈诗艳,仇雁翎,朱志良,等.土壤中全氟和多氟烷基化合物的污染现状及环境行为[J]. 环境科学研究, 2021,34(2):468-478. Chen S Y, Qiu Y L, Zhu Z L, et al. Current pollution status and environmental behaviors of PFASs in soil[J]. Research of Environmental Science, 2021,34(2):468-478.
[2]	Lau C, Anitole K, Hodes C, et al. Perfluoroalkyl acids:A review of monitoring and toxicological findings[J]. Toxicological Sciences, 2007,99(2):366-394.
[3]	张美,楼巧婷,邵倩文,等.全氟化合物污染现状及风险评估的研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2019,14(3):30-53. Zhang M, Lou Q T, Shao Q W, et al. Research progress of perfluorinated compounds pollution status and risk assessment[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2019,14(3):30-53.
[4]	Yamashita N, Kannan K, Taniyasu S, et al. A global survey of perfluorinated acids in oceans[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2005,51(8/12):658-668.
[5]	Dong W, Liu B, Song Y, et al. Occurrence and partition of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in water and sediment from the Songhua River, China[J]. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2018,74:492-501.
[6]	Yu N, Shi W, Zhang B, et al. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids including perfluorooctane sulfonate isomers in Huai River Basin and Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province, China[J]. Environmental science & technology, 2013,47(2):710-717.
[7]	Blais J M, Schindler D W, Muir D C, et al. Melting glaciers:A major source of persistent organochlorines to subalpine Bow Lake in Banff National Park, Canada[J]. Ambio, 2001:410-415.
[8]	Bogdal C, Schmid P, Zennegg M, et al. Blast from the past:Melting glaciers as a relevant source for persistent organic pollutants[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2009,43(21):8173-8177.
[9]	Miner K R, Blais J, Bogdal C, et al. Legacy organochlorine pollutants in glacial watersheds:a review[J]. Environmental Science:Processes & Impacts, 2017,19(12):1474-1483.
[10]	杨鸿波,廖朝选,赵亚洲,等.3种作物初期生长对全氟辛烷磺酸盐和全氟辛酸的响应及富集特征[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2018,46(15):232-237. Yang H B, Liao C X, Zhao Y Z, et al. Response and enrichment characteristics of three crops to perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid during initial growth[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2018,46(15):232-237.
[11]	苏珍,梁大兰,洪明.贡嘎山海洋性冰川发育条件及分布特征[J]. 冰川冻土, 1993,(4):551-518. Su Z, Liang D L, Hong M. Developing conditions, amounts and distributions of glaciers in gongga mountains[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1993,(4):551-518.
[12]	Zhang G, Pan B, Cao B, et al. Elevation changes measured during 1966~2010 on the monsoonal temperate glaciers' ablation region, Gongga Mountains, China[J]. Quaternary International, 2015,371:49-57.
[13]	刘巧,张勇.贡嘎山海洋型冰川监测与研究:历史,现状与展望[J]. 山地学报, 2017,35(5):717-726. Liu Q, Zhang Y. Studies on the dynamics of monsoonal temperate glaciers in Mt. Gongga:A review[J]. Mountain Research, 2017, 35(5):717-726.
[14]	李宗省,何元庆,贾文雄,等.近年来中国典型季风海洋性冰川区气候、冰川、径流的变化[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2008,(S1):1-5. Li Z X, He Y Q, Jia W X, et al. Variation of climate, glaciers and runoff over monsoonal temperate glacial area in recent 100 years, China[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences), 2008, (S1):1-5.
[15]	Chen X, Zhu L, Pan X, et al. Isomeric specific partitioning behaviors of perfluoroalkyl substances in water dissolved phase, suspended particulate matters and sediments in Liao River Basin and Taihu Lake, China[J]. Water Research, 2015,80:235-244.
[16]	孙殿超,龚平,王小萍,等.拉萨河全氟化合物的时空分布特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(11):4298-4306. Sun D C, Gong P, Wang X P, et al. Special distribution and seasonal variation of perfluoroalkyls substances in Lhasa River Basin, China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(11):4298-4306.
[17]	万艺.青岛市不同水体环境中全氟化合物的时空变化特征研究[D]. 济宁:曲阜师范大学, 2017. Wan Y. Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of perfluorinated compounds in different water environments in Qingdao[D]. Jining:Qufu Normal University, 2017.
[18]	Wang X, Chen M, Gong P, et al. Perfluorinated alkyl substances in snow as an atmospheric tracer for tracking the interactions between westerly winds and the Indian Monsoon over western China[J]. Environment international, 2019,124:294-301.
[19]	Kirchgeorg T, Dreyer A, Gabrieli J, et al. Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in alpine snow[J]. Environmental pollution, 2013,178:367-374.
[20]	MacInnis J J, French K, Muir D C, et al. Emerging investigator series:A 14-year depositional ice record of perfluoroalkyl substances in the High Arctic[J]. Environmental Science:Processes & Impacts, 2017, 19(1):22-30.
[21]	D'Eon J C, Hurley M D, Wallington T J, et al. Atmospheric chemistry of N-methyl perfluorobutane sulfonamidoethanol, C4F9SO2N(CH3) CH2CH2OH:Kinetics and mechanism of reaction with OH[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006,40(6):1862-1868.
[22]	Heydebreck F, Tang J, Xie Z, et al. Alternative and legacy perfluoroalkyl substances:Differences between European and Chinese river/estuary systems[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015,49(14):8386-8395.
[23]	Sun M, Arevalo E, Strynar M, et al. Legacy and emerging perfluoroalkyl substances are important drinking water contaminants in the Cape Fear River Watershed of North Carolina[J]. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 2016,3(12):415-419.
[24]	Gebbink W A, van Asseldonk L, van Leeuwen S P J. Presence of emerging per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in river and drinking water near a fluorochemical production plant in the Netherlands[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017,51(19):11057-11065.
[25]	Pistocchi A, Loos R. A map of European emissions and concentrations of PFOS and PFOA[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2009,43(24):9237-9244.
[26]	Zhao L, Zhou M, Zhang T, et al. Polyfluorinated and perfluorinated chemicals in precipitation and runoff from cities across Eastern and Central China[J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2013,64(2):198-207.
[27]	尹慧.贡嘎山海螺沟冰川径流的同位素示踪研究[D]. 四川:成都理工大学, 2008. Yin H. Isotopic tracing of the glacial flows in hailuo, gongga mountain[D]. Sichuan:Chengdu University of Technology, 2008.
[28]	曾士宜,杨鸿波,彭洁,等.贵州草海湖泊表层水与沉积物中全氟化合物的污染特征及风险评估[J]. 环境化学, 2021,40(4):1193-1205. Zeng S Y, Yang H B, Peng J, et al. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of perfluorinated compounds in surface water and sediments of Caohai Lake of Guizhou Province[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2021,40(4):1193-1205.
[29]	Yamazaki E, Falandysz J, Taniyasu S, et al. Perfluorinated carboxylic and sulphonic acids in surface water media from the regions of Tibetan Plateau:Indirect evidence on photochemical degradation?[J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2016,51(1):63-69.
[30]	郑宇,路国慧,邵鹏威,等.青藏高原东部过渡区水环境中全氟化合物的分布特征[J]. 环境化学, 2020,39(5):1192-1201. Zheng Y, Lu G H, Shao P W, et al. Level and distribution of perfluorinated compounds in snow and water samples from the transition zone in eastern Qinghai-Tibet[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020,39(5):1192-1201.
[31]	Kaiser M A, Larsen B S, Kao C-P C, et al. Vapor pressures of perfluorooctanoic, -nonanoic, -decanoic, -undecanoic, and-dodecanoic acids[J]. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2005,50(6):1841-1843.
[32]	汤家喜,朱永乐,李玉,等.辽河流域及周边水体中全氟化合物的污染状况及生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021,30(7):1447-1454. Tang J X, Zhu Y L, Li Y, et al. Pollution status and ecological risk assessment of perfluorinated compounds in the Liao River Basin and surrounding[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2021,30(7):1447-1454.
[33]	Huang C, Zhang J, Hu G, et al. Characterization of the distribution, source, and potential ecological risk of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in the inland river basin of Longgang District, South China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2021,287:117642.
[34]	Schmid P, Bogdal C, Blüthgen N, et al. The missing piece:Sediment records in Remote Mountain Lakes confirm glaciers being secondary sources of persistent organic pollutants[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011,45(1):203-208.
[35]	Daly G L, Wania F. Organic Contaminants in Mountains[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005,39(2):385-398.
[36]	Steinlin C, Bogdal C, Scheringer M, et al. Polychlorinated biphenyls in glaciers. 2. Model results of deposition and incorporation processes[J]. Environmental science & technology, 2014,48(14):7849-7857.
[37]	Pan C G, Ying G G, Zhao J L, et al. Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances in surface sediments of five major rivers in China[J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2015,68(3):566-576.
[38]	Cao X, Wang C, Lu Y, et al. Occurrence, sources and health risk of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in soil, water and sediment from a drinking water source area[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019,174:208-217.
[39]	Pan C G, Ying G G, Zhao J L, et al. Spatiotemporal distribution and mass loadings of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Yangtze River of China[J]. Science of the total environment, 2014,493:580-587.
[40]	Zhao P, Xia X, Dong J, et al. Short-and long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances in the water, suspended particulate matter, and surface sediment of a turbid river[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016,568:57-65.
[41]	方淑红,李成,卞玉霞,等.岷江流域全氟化合物的污染特征及排放通量[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(7):2983-2989. Fang S H, Li C, Bian Y X, et al. Pollution characteristics and flux of perfluoroalkyl substances in Minjiang River[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(7):2983-2989.
[42]	Chen H, Wang X, Zhang C, et al. Occurrence and inputs of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from rivers and drain outlets to the Bohai Sea, China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2017,221:234-243.
[43]	张国梁.贡嘎山地区现代冰川变化研究[D]. 兰州:兰州大学, 2012. Zhang G L. The study of glacier changes in the gongga mountains[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2012.
[44]	廖海军,刘巧,钟妍,等.1990~2019年贡嘎山地区典型冰川表碛覆盖变化及其空间差异[J]. 地理学报, 2021,76(11):2647-2659. Liao H J, Liu Q, Zhong Y, et al. Supraglacial debris-cover change and its spatial heterogeneity in the Mount Gongga, 1990~2019[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021,76(11).2647-2659.