The optimization algorithm of PSO-DE cooperated with mobile monitoring platform was studied to solve the inverse problem of pollution, which included inversion of the position of the single point and multiple-point stationary sources. The inverse problem of pollution source was transformed into nonlinear optimization problem. The pollutant concentration of waters were detected and recorded by N mobile platforms; the coordinate of mobile platform was denoted by p_best, and they were corresponded one by one, there would be N p_best altogether. The pollutant concentration of waters which attained by the mobile platform would be compared with each other, and the coordinate of maximum pollutant concentration would be chosen and marked as g_best. First, the g_best would be the initial population for the PSO optimization. Second, the population would be used for DE optimization. Finally, the g_best would be chosen from the high concentration of both until the highest point of pollutant concentration was obtained, which was the initial point of pollutant. The calculation results of examples showed that the algorithm could attained a high precision inversion results for pollutant source traceability problem of two-dimensional waters.