In view of the relationship between the production of methane and odorous compounds with the landfill age of municipal solid waste (MSW), the anaerobic fermentation experiment was performed by using an automatic methane potential test system to monitor the cumulative methane yield and production rate, and the GC/MS was used to analyze the odorous compounds. The results showed that the yield of methane produced by the MSW with a shorter landfill age was higher. The MSW with the landfill age of 3 years had the highest gas production, with the methane cumulative yield of 29.81mL/g, and the MSW with the landfill age of 7 years was the lowest, which was 6.16mL/g. The MSW with landfill age of 3 years had the highest methane production rate, with the highest value of 112.3mL/d. Aromatic compounds and aliphatic hydrocarbons dominated the 40species of odorous compounds detected, with the most species and highest concentration. The concentration ratio of aromatic, halogenated hydrocarbon and sulfur compound increased with the landfill age; the concentration ratio of aliphatic hydrocarbon decreased as the landfill age increased.