|
|
A study on background concentration and source-sink characteristics of CO2 in south of Jiangsu |
WEI Fen-fen1, LIN Hui-juan1, CAO Shu-ya1, SHEN Pei-feng1, HUI Pin-hong2 |
1. Suzhou Meteorological Bureau, Suzhou 215131, China;
2. Jiangsu Climate Center, Nanjing 210009, China |
|
|
Abstract By quality control methods (i.e., time series inspection, selection of stability data and eliminating the abnormal values), high-quality CO2 datasets of Zhangjiagang Station in Suzhou from 2015 to 2018 were obtained to study the background concentration and source-sink characteristics of CO2 in Suzhou. By Moving Average Filtering (MAF) method, CO2 datasets have been separated as background and non-background data. The background data showed that the diurnal variation of CO2 background concentration showed a single peak structure, and the peak and valley value was around 5:00 a.m. and 15:00 p.m, respectively. The seasonal variation showed a double peak structure, with the peaks in December and April. Both of the distribution of daily and seasonal variation of CO2 were related to terrestrial ecosystems, meteorological conditions and human activities. From 2015 to 2018, the CO2 concentration has increased. Particularly, the proportion of rising concentration has significantly increased, which may due to the human activities. On the contrast, the variation of the absorption concentration was stable, which inferred that the role of terrestrial ecosystem on CO2 concentration was relatively stable. The source-sink analysis showed that, seasonally, the CO2 uplifting concentration fluctuated slightly, while the absorption concentration showed remarkable seasonally variations. The diurnal variation of the rising concentration was a single-peak structure, with the peak value around 8:00 a.m., which may be traced to the high motor vehicle emissions in the morning. The absorption concentration was low in the daytime and high in the nighttime, which may be related to the plant photosynthesis and convective transport. We further analyzed the relationship between the CO2 concentration and the wind field. The high CO2 concentration has prevailed under the condition of calm wind in all seasons. Generally, in most wind directions, the concentration of CO2 was negatively correlated with the wind speed. Particularly, the high CO2 concentration was mostly accompanied at south to west-northwest winds. This may due to that the inland urban agglomeration was mainly located in southwest to northwest direction, and the construction area around the station was mainly located in southwest to north direction. Consequently, weak winds would lead to cumulative local emissions. However, the concentration of CO2 was high at west-northwest winds. This may due to that the building area and inland urban agglomeration was in the west to north direction of the station. As the wind blew eastward, the concentration was low even when the wind is small, because the air from the sea is relatively clean.Moreover, the farmland and forest areas were mainly located in the east of the station, which was less affected by human activities. Our results have suggested that the concentration of CO2 was not only related to the wind speed, but also related to the type of underlying surface and the long-distance environmental characteristics.
|
Received: 20 August 2019
|
|
|
|
|
[1] |
Somolon S, Dahe D, Manning M, et al. Climate change 2007:The physical science basis:contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[M]. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press, 2007:1-18.
|
[2] |
Stocker T F, Qin D, Plattner G K, et al. Intergovernmental panel on climate change (2013), climate change 2013:The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[M]. Cambridge U K, and New York:Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013:188-189.
|
[3] |
Crotwell A, Steinbacher M. 19th WMO/IAEA meeting on carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases and related measurement techniques (GGMT-2017)[R]. GAW report No.229, 2017:1-150.
|
[4] |
Thoning Kirk W, Tans Pieter P, Komhyr W D. Atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa observatory 2. Analysis of the NOAA GMCC data, 1974~1985[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 1989,94(D6):8549-8565.
|
[5] |
Gillette Dale A, Komhyr W D, Waterman L S, et al. The NOAA/GMCC continuous CO2 record at the South Pole, 1975-1982[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmopheres, 1987,92(D4):4231-4240.
|
[6] |
Derwent R G, Simmonds P G, O'Doherty S, et al. European source strengths and northern hemisphere baseline concentrations of radiatively active trace gases at Mace Head, Ireland[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1998,32(21):3703-3715.
|
[7] |
Zellweger C, Forrer J, Hofer P, et al. Partitioning of reactive nitrogen (NOy) and dependence on meteorological conditions in the lower free troposphere[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2003,3:779-796.
|
[8] |
Henne S, urger M, revot A S H. Climatology of mountain ventinginduced elevated moisture layers in the lee of the Alps[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2005,44(5):620-633.
|
[9] |
Zanis P, Ganser A, Zellweger C, et al. Seasonal variability of measured ozone production efficiencies in the lower free troposphere of Central Europe[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2007,7:223-236.
|
[10] |
BalzaniLööv J M, Henne S, Legreid G, et al. Estimation of background concentrations of trace gases at the Swiss Alpine site Jungfraujoch (3580m asl)[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2008,113(D22):D22305,doi:10.1029/2007JD009751.
|
[11] |
Ruckstuhl A F, Henne S, Reimann S, et al. Robust extraction of baseline signal of atmospheric trace species using local regression[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions, 2010,5(11):5589-5612.
|
[12] |
周凌晞,刘立新,张晓春,等.我国温室气体本底浓度网络化观测的初步结果[J]. 应用气象学报, 2008,19(6):641-645. Zhou L X, Liu L X, Zhang X C, et al. Preliminary results on network observation of greenhouse gases at China GAW stations[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2008,19(6):641-645.
|
[13] |
程巳阳,安兴琴,周凌晞,等.北京上甸子大气本底站CO2浓度的源汇区域代表性研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(9):2576-2584 Cheng S Y, An X Q, Zhou L X, et al. CO2 concentration representation of source and sink area at Shangdianzi atmospheric background station in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(9):2576-2584
|
[14] |
栾天,方双喜,周凌晞,等.龙凤山站大气CO2浓度2种筛分方法对比研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(2):321-328. Luan T, Fang S X, Zhou L X, et al. Comparison of two flagging approaches to the observed CO2 mole fractions at the Longfengshan WMO/GAW regional station in China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(2):321-328.
|
[15] |
刘跃辉,买买提艾力·买买提依明,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地冬季近地层CO2浓度变化特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(5):1328-1334. Liu Y H, Ali M, He Q, et al. Variation characteristics of atmospheric CO2 concentration of surface layer over the hinterland of Taklimakan desert in winter[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(5):1328-1334.
|
[16] |
周凌晞,汤洁,温玉璞,等.地面风对瓦里关山大气CO2本底浓度的影响分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2002,22(2):135-139. Zhou L X, Tang J, Wen Y P, et al. Impact of local surface wind on the atmospheric carbon dioxide background concentration at Mt.Waliguan[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2002,22(2):135-139.
|
[17] |
周凌晞,李金龙,温玉璞,等.瓦里关山大气CO2及其δ13C本底变化[J]. 环境科学学报, 2003,23(3):295-300. Zhou L X, Li J L, Wei Y P, et al. Background variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and its stable carbon isotopes at Mt. Waliguan[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2003,23(3):295-300.
|
[18] |
周凌晞,周秀骥,张晓春,等.瓦里关温室气体本底研究的主要进展[J]. 气象学报, 2007,65(3):458-468. Zhou L X, Zhou X J, Zhang X C, et al. Progress in the study of background greenhouse gases at Waliguanobservatory[J]. Acta Meteorologicasinica, 2007,65(3):458-468.
|
[19] |
张芳,周凌晞,刘立新,等,瓦里关气相色谱法大气CO2和CH4在线观测数据处理分析[J]. 环境科学, 2010,31(10):2267-2272. Zhang F, Zhou L X, Liu L X, et al. Data processing and QA/QC of atmosphere CO2 and CH4 concentrations by a method of GC-FID in-situ measurement at Waliguan station[J]. Environmental Science, 2010,31(10):2267-2272.
|
[20] |
方双喜,周凌晞,张芳.双通道气相色谱法观测本底大气中的CH4、CO、N2O和SF6[J]. 环境科学学报, 2010,30(1):52-59. Fang S X, Zhou L X, Zhang F. Dual channel GC system form easuring background atmospheric CH4, CO, N2O and SF6[J]. Acta Scientiae Circum Stantiae, 2010,30(1):52-59.
|
[21] |
赵玉成,温玉璞,得力格尔,等.青海瓦里关大气CO2本底浓度的变化特征.中国环境科学, 2006,26(1):1-5. Zhao Y P, Wen Y P, Dliger, et al. Change characteristics of atmospheric CO2 background concentration in Waliguan Qinghai[J]. China Environmental Science, 2006,26(1):1-5.
|
[22] |
刘立新,周凌晞,张晓春,等.我国4个国家级本底站大气CO2浓度变化特征[J]. 中国科学D辑, 2009,39(2):222-228. Liu L X, Zhou L X, Zhang X C, et al. The concentration variations of Atmospheric CO2 at four background stations in China[J]. Science in China (Series D), 2009,39(2):222-228.
|
[23] |
胡玉琼,王跃思,纪宝明,等.内蒙古草原温室气体排放日变化规律研究[J]. 南京气象学院学报, 2003,26(1):29-37. Hu Y Q, Wang Y S, Ji B M, et al. Diurnal variations of greenhouse gases emissions from a NeiMonggol grassland[J]. Journal of Nanjing Institue of Meteorology, 2003,26(1):29-37.
|
[24] |
董云社,章申,齐玉春,等.内蒙古典型草地CO2、N2O、CH4通量的同时观测及其日变化[J]. 科学通报, 2000,45(3):318-322. Dong Y S, Zhang S, Qi Y C, et al. Simultaneous observation and diurnal variation of CO2, N2O, CH4 fluxes in typical grassland of NeiMonggol[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2000,45(3):318-322.
|
[25] |
李晶,王跃思,刘强,等.北京市两种主要温室气体浓度的日变化[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2006,11(1):49-56. Li J, Wang Y S, Liu Q, et al. Diurnal variation of two greenhouse cases in Beijing[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2006,11(1):49-56.
|
[26] |
张芳,周凌晞,王玉诏.不同源汇信息提取方法对区域CO2源汇估算及其季节变化的影响评估[J]. 环境科学, 2015,36(7):2405-2413. Zhang F, Zhou L X, Wang Y Z. Evaluation on the impacts of different background determination methods on CO2 sources and Sinks estimation and seasonal variations[J]. Environmental Science, 2015, 36(7):2405-2413.
|
[27] |
浦静姣,徐宏辉,顾骏强,等.长江三角洲背景地区CO2浓度变化特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013,32(6):973-979. Pu J J, Xu H H, Gu J Q, et al. Study on the concentration variation of CO2 in the background area of Yangtze River Delta[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013,32(6):973-979.
|
[28] |
Raich J W, Potter C S, Bhagawati D. Interannual variability in global soil respiration, 1980-1994[J]. Glob. Change Biol., 2002,8:800-812.
|
|
|
|