滇黔桂岩溶区河漫滩土壤重金属含量、来源及潜在生态风险

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Abstract

Seventy floodplain soil samples were collected by the CGB sampling team at 35locations in the karst area of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi to study the distribution, sources, the pollution degree and ecological risk of 8heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) by factor analysis, geo-accumulation index (I_geo), enrichment factor (EF) and the Hakanson's potential ecological risk index (E_rⁱ and RI) methods. Results showed that the concentrations of all elements were almost higher than their soil background values of China. Cd and Hg were significantly enriched in the top soils, while As, Cr, Cu, Ni were similar in top and deep soils. The high values of heavy metals were concentrated in southeast of Yunnan, while the low values were concerted in northwest of Guangxi. The contents of As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn in top soil from farmland and vegetable land were significantly higher than those in deep soil, while the Cr, Cu and Ni were comparable to those in deep soil from all land-uses. The Factor analysis results indicated that Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni in the top soils were mainly affected by geological background, As, Pb and Zn were not only related to the natural conditions, but also affected by human activities, Hg were affected by anthropogenic contamination; all heavy metals were inherited the characteristics of regional parent rocks in deep soil, while As, Hg and Pb were also affected by human activities. The results of I_geos and EFs showed that Cd and Hg were seriously polluted in the top soils, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were mainly light polluted or non-polluted. The ecological risk calculated by ecological risk indexes (E_rⁱ) were ordered by Hg > Cd > As > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr > Zn. The sum E_rⁱ of Cd and Hg accounted for 82.43% of the comprehensive indexes of potential ecological risks (RI), indicated that the top soil of floodplain occured high potential ecological risk of Cd and Hg. Moreover, the southeast of Yunnan had the highest RI of heavy metals, and had the severe ecological risk in the study area.

Key words： heavy metals floodplain soil source ecological risk Karst area of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi

Received: 04 September 2019

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	ZHAO Dong-jie
	WANG Xue-qiu

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ZHAO Dong-jie,WANG Xue-qiu. Distribution, sources and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the floodplain soils of the karst area of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi[J]. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(4): 1609-1619.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/ OR http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/Y2020/V40/I4/1609

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