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| Spatial-temporal diversities of ammonia emissions and impacting factors in Hubei Province from 1996 to 2016 |
| QIN Si1, KONG Shao-fei1, WU Jian1, LIU Xi1, CHENG Yi1, WU Fang-qi1, NIU Zhen-zhen1, LIU Jin-hong1, FENG Yun-kai1, YAN Ying-ying1, QI Shi-hua1,2 |
1. School of environmental studies, China University Of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Wuhan 430074, China |
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Abstract The activity data for ten types of anthropogenic ammonia emission sources were collected in Hubei Province. The ammonia emission amounts of Hubei province during 1996~2016 were calculated by multiplying corresponding emission factors and activity data, and then were spatially relocated into 1km×1km grid cell with a GIS software. The diversities in ammonia emission structures and per unit emission for four types of geographic regions (the western mountainous cities, the central plain cities, the eastern megacity and other eastern small and medium-sized cities) were analyzed. The total ammonia emission in Hubei province increased from 375.0kt in 1996 to 475.4kt in 2016, with a yearly increasing rate of 1.2%. The ammonia increasing rate for the western mountainous cities was the highest of 3.5%, higher than the average increasing rate of the whole province. Agriculture sources were the major contributors for ammonia emission in Hubei Province, with the livestock and application of nitrogen fertilizers contributing 71.6% and 15.8% of total ammonia emission, respectively. Except for livestock and application of nitrogen fertilizers, the eastern megacity and the central plain cities held higher emission contributions of waste disposal (76.1%) and biomass burning (41.5%) among the four different geographic units, respectively. It was worth noting that the ammonia emissions from industrial production, human excrement, vehicle exhaust and fossil fuel combustion in the eastern megacity were all higher than those for other three geographic units, which should be paid more attention.
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Received: 16 September 2019
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