南京三级分档雾水有机酸和无机组分化学特征

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (573 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract In this study, a systematic 45-day field observation of fog was conducted in the northern suburb of Nanjing during the winter of 2017. Eleven fog water samples were collected in a dense fog event occurring at December 30 and 31, 2017, by using a Caltech Active Strand Cloud Collector (CASCC) with three cutting diameter ranges (S1: > 22μm; S2: 16~22μm; S3: 4~16μm). In this observation, concentrations of organic acids and inorganic ions as well as the pH value and the electrical conductivity (EC) of the samples were measured, so that the chemical properties of the fog water were revealed. The results showed that the fog water samples were alkaline, and the dominant ionic compositions were Ca²⁺, NH₄⁺, SO₄^2- and NO₃^-. The major organic acid compositions were found as formate (HCOO^-), methanesulfonate (CH₃SO₃^-), oxalate (C₂O₄^2-), and acetate (CH₃COO^-). Moreover, it was shown that the weighted mean volume concentrations of each type of the ions as well as the total ions were size-dependent, “U”-shaped, and concentrate in small fog droplets with a size range of 4~16μm. The concentrations of the four major organic acid compositions were also found strongly correlated with each other. The observational data showed that Ca²⁺ and NH₄⁺ in the fog water were the key factors leading to the alkalinity of the water. In addition, we found that compared to the fog water collected in the year 2013, the acidity of the fog water collected in 2017 was lower, which was attributed to the reduction of acid-causing components and the occurrence of neutralization reactions.

Key words： three-stage fog water organic acids atmospheric chemical characteristics Nanjing

Received: 30 December 2019

PACS:

X513

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	ZHU Dan-dan
	FAN Shu-xian
	HU Chun-yang
	ZHANG Hong-wei
	ZHANG Si-rui
	ZHANG Lu-yao

Cite this article:

ZHU Dan-dan,FAN Shu-xian,HU Chun-yang等. Characteristics of organic acids and inorganic components in three-stage fog water in Nanjing[J]. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(8): 3342-3351.

URL:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/ OR http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/EN/Y2020/V40/I8/3342

[1]	Wang Y, Guo J, Wang T, et al. Influence of regional pollution and sandstorms on the chemical composition of cloud/fog at the summit of Mt. Taishan in northern China[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2011, 99(3/4):434-442.
[2]	Raja S, Raghunathan R, Yu X Y, et al. Fog chemistry in the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast corridor[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2008,42(9):2048-2061.
[3]	Notholt J, Hjorth J, Raes F. Formation of HNO2 on aerosol surfaces during foggy periods in the presence of NO and NO2[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1992,26(2):211-217.
[4]	Moore K F, Sherman D E, Reilly J E, et al. Drop size-dependent chemical composition in clouds and fogs. Part I. Observations[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2004,38(10):1389-1402.
[5]	Bator A, Collett J L. Cloud chemistry varies with drop size[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 1997,1022(D23):28071-28078.
[6]	李一,张国正,濮梅娟,等.2006年南京冬季浓雾雾水的化学组分[J].中国环境科学, 2008,28(5):395-400. Li Y, Zhang G Z, Pu M J, et al. The chemical composition of fog water in the winter of 2006 of Nanjing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2008,28(5):395-400.
[7]	樊曙先,杨雪贞,樊韬,等.南京冬季雾水金属元素及水溶性阴离子浓度特征[J].环境科学学报, 2009,29(9):1878-1885. Fan S X, Yang X Z, Fan T, et al. Metal elements and water-soluble anion concentrations in winter fog water in Nanjing[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2009,29(9):1878-1885.
[8]	孙玉,樊曙先,张健,等.南京2013年冬季三级分粒径雾水化学特征[J].中国环境科学, 2015,35(4):1019-1031. Sun Y, Fan S X, Zhang J, et al. Chemical characteristics of the three stage fog water in the winter of 2013 in Nanjing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(4):1019-1031.
[9]	Yang J, Xie Y J, Shi C E, et al. Ion composition of fog water and its relation to air pollutants during winter fog events in Nanjing, China[J]. Pure&Applied Geophysics, 2012,169(5/6):1037-1052.
[10]	Lu C, Niu S, Tang L, et al. Chemical composition of fog water in Nanjing area of China and its related fog microphysics[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2010,97(1/2):47-69.
[11]	杨军,谢玉静,石春娥,等.南京冬季辐射雾和平流辐射雾的化学特征差异[J].大气科学学报, 2009,32(6):776-782. Yang J, Xie Y J, Shi C E, et al. Differences in ion compositions of winter fog water between radiation and advection-radiation fog episodes in Nanjing[J]. Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences, 2009, 32(6):776-782.
[12]	樊曙先,黄红丽,顾凯华,等.雾过程对大气气溶胶PM10中多环芳烃粒径分布的影响[J].高等学校化学学报, 2010,31(12):2375-2382. Fan S X, Huang H L, Gu K H, et al. Effect of fog process on the size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric aersol PM10[J]. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2010, 31(12):2375-2382.
[13]	顾凯华,樊曙先,黄红丽,等.南京冬季雾天颗粒物中PAHs分布与气象条件的关系[J].中国环境科学, 2011,31(8):1233-1240. Gu K H, Fan S X, Huang H L, et al. Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particles and the influence of foggy weather conditions during the winter in Nanjing[J]. China Environmental Science, 2011,31(8):1233-1240.
[14]	Zimmermann F, Matschullat J r, Brüggemann E, et al. Temporal and elevation-related variability in precipitation chemistry from 1993 to 2002, Eastern Erzgebirge, Germany[J]. Water Air&Soil Pollution, 2006,170(1-4):123-141.
[15]	Giulianelli L, Gilardoni S, Tarozzi L, et al. Fog occurrence and chemical composition in the Po valley over the last twenty years[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014,98:394-401.
[16]	Straub D J. Radiation fog chemical composition and its temporal trend over an eight year period[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2017,148:49-61.
[17]	康博识,樊曙先,张悦,等.南京冬季持续性强浓雾天气中三级分档雾水的理化特性分析[J].气象学报, 2017,75(2):356-370. Kang B S, Fan S X, Zhang Y, et al. Physical and chemical characteristics of three-stage fog water in deep dense fog during the winter in Nanjing[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2017,75(2):356-370.
[18]	Sun J, Ariya P A. Atmospheric organic and bio-aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN):A review[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2006,40(5):795-820.
[19]	Sun M, Wang Y, Wang T, et al. Cloud and the corresponding precipitation chemistry in south China:Water-soluble components and pollution transport[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2010,115(D22303):1-10.
[20]	Sun X, Wang Y, Li H, et al. Organic acids in cloud water and rainwater at a mountain site in acid rain areas of South China[J]. Environmental Science&Pollution Research, 2016,23(10):9529-9539.
[21]	Tsai Y I, Kuo S-C. Contributions of low molecular weight carboxylic acids to aerosols and wet deposition in a natural subtropical broad-leaved forest environment[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013,81(4):270-279.
[22]	Boris A J, Lee T, Park T, et al. Fog composition at Baengnyeong Island in the eastern Yellow Sea:Detecting markers of aqueous atmospheric oxidations[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics, 2016,16(2):437-453.
[23]	Nath S, Yadav S. A comparative study on fog and dew water chemistry at New Delhi, India[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2017,18:26-36.
[24]	Raja S, Raghunathan R, Kommalapati R R, et al. Organic composition of fogwater in the Texas-Louisiana gulf coast corridor[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2009,43(27):4214-4222.
[25]	Herckes P, Valsaraj K T, Jr. J L C. A review of observations of organic matter in fogs and clouds:Origin, processing and fate[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2013,132-133:434-449.
[26]	GB/T 27964-2011雾的预报等级[S]. GB/T 27964-2011 Grade of fog forecast[S].
[27]	Collett J L, Bator A, Sherman D E, et al. The chemical composition of fogs and intercepted clouds in the United States[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2002,64(1-4):29-40.
[28]	文彬,银燕,秦彦硕,等.2009年夏季黄山云雾水化学特征及来源分析[J].中国环境科学, 2012,32(12):2113-2122. Wen B, Yin Y, Qin Y S, et al. Analyses of chemical characteristic in fog/cloud water and source at Mount Huangshan in summer 2009[J]. China Environmental Science, 2012,32(12):2113-2122.
[29]	秦彦硕,刘端阳,银燕,等.南京地区雾水化学特征及污染物来源分析[J].环境化学, 2011,30(4):816-824. Qin Y S, Liu D Y, Yin Y, et al. Analysis of chemical characteristics in fog water and pollutant source in Nanjing[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2011,30(4):816-824.
[30]	Jr J L C, Hoag K J, Sherman D E, et al. Spatial and temporal variations in San Joaquin Valley fog chemistry[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1998,33(1):129-140.
[31]	胡春阳,樊曙先,王小龙,等.庐山2016年冬季三级分档雾水化学特征[J].气象学报, 2019,77(4):745-757. Hu C Y, Fan S X, Wang X L, et al. Chemical characteristics of the three-stage fog water in winter of 2016 in Lushan[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2019,77(4):745-757.
[32]	张鸿伟,樊曙先,胡春阳,等.庐山三级分档雾水化学特征的对比分析[J].中国环境科学, 2019,39(11):4589-4598. Zhang H W, Fan S X, Hu C Y, et al. Comparative analysis of the chemical properties of the three-stage fog water in Mount Lushan[J]. China Environmental Science, 2019,39(11):4589-4598.
[33]	Zhu C, Chen J, Wang X, et al. Chemical composition and bacterial community in size-resolved cloud water at the summit of Mt. Tai, China[J]. Aerosol&Air Quality Research, 2018,18(1):1-14.
[34]	Pinxteren D V, Fomba K W, Mertes S, et al. Cloud water composition during HCCT-2010:Scavenging efficiencies, solute concentrations, and droplet size dependence of inorganic ions and dissolved organic carbon[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry&Physics, 2016,15(17):24311-24368.
[35]	Boris A, Napolitano D, Herckes P, et al. Fogs and air quality on the Southern California Coast[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 2017, 18:224-239.
[36]	Herckes P, Chang H, Lee T, et al. Air pollution processing by radiation fogs[J]. Water Air&Soil Pollution, 2007,181(1-4):65-75.
[37]	Li P, Li X, Yang C, et al. Fog water chemistry in Shanghai[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011,45(24):4034-4041.
[38]	程新金,黄美元.降水化学特性的一种分类分析方法[J].气候与环境研究, 1998,3(1):83-89. Cheng X J, Huang M Y. A classification method to analyze the chemical characteristics of precipitation[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 1998,3(1):83-89.
[39]	严文莲,张国正,濮梅娟,等.南京一次强酸雾的化学特征和成因分析[J].自然灾害学报, 2013,22(3):122-129. Yan W L, Zhang G Z, Pu M J, et al. Chemical features and cause analysis of a strong acid fog event in Nanjing[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2013,22(3):122-129.
[40]	Chebbi A, Carlier P. Carboxylic acids in the troposphere, occurrence, sources, and sinks:A review[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1996, 30(24):4233-4249.
[41]	Kawamura K, Bikkina S. A review of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in atmospheric aerosols:Molecular distributions, sources and transformation[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2015,170:140-160.
[42]	Keene W C, Galloway J N. Considerations regarding sources for formic and acetic acids in the troposphere[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 1986,91(D13):14466-14474.
[43]	Hutchings, James W, Robinson, et al. The chemistry of intercepted clouds in Northern Arizona during the North American monsoon season[J]. Water Air&Soil Pollution, 2009,199:191-202.
[44]	Tsuruta H. Acid precipitation in Eastern Asia[J]. Kagaku, 1989, 59:305-315.
[45]	Lekouch I, Mileta M, Muselli M, et al. Comparative chemical analysis of dew and rain water[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2010,95(2):224-234.
[46]	Ali K, Momin G A, Tiwari S, et al. Fog and precipitation chemistry at Delhi, North India[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2004,38(25):4215-4222.
[47]	Hara H, Kitamura M, Mori A, et al. Precipitation chemistry in Japan 1989-1993[J]. Water Air&Soil Pollution, 1994,85(4):2307-2312.
[48]	Polkowska Ż, Błaś M, Klimaszewska K, et al. Chemical characterization of dew water collected in different geographic regions of Poland[J]. Sensors, 2008,8(6):4006-4032.
[49]	Daum P H, Kelly T J, Schwartz S E, et al. Measurements of the chemical composition of stratiform clouds[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1984,18(12):2671-2684.