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2011 Vol.31 Issue.4,Published 2011-04-20
529 Comparison of total ozone derived from OMI and SCIAMACHY over Asia region
XIAO Zhong-Yong, JIANG Hong
Using the total ozone products derived from ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) and scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography (SCIAMACHY), and validated by the ground based measured total ozone data from WODUC. The temporal and spatial characteristics of total ozone over Asia region was analyzed based on the remotely sensed datasets. The validation result indicates that there are higher accurate of the OMI retrieved total ozone data than SCIAMACHY’s, and OMI data has higher resolution both temporal and spatial-scales. The seasonal variation of total ozone presents obvious pattern, the largest value appear in April and May, and the smallest value often appear in November and December over lower latitude areas, respectively. But for the higher latitude areas; the largest and smallest appear in February or March and August or September respectively. The total ozone present latitudinal relied on distribution pattern and increasing with latitude raised. From 10oN ~30oN, the increasing rate is less, while from 30 oN ~50oN, the increasing rate is boosty. There is a lower value area over Tibetan Plateau and extend to the lower latitude areas along Hengduan Mountains of China. The variation of total ozone distribution pattern also alterative along with different latitudes, the trend is that with the mean total ozone value increase with latitude raised. The variation of total ozone in 216 lower latitude stations are smaller, with alternation for mean value is 30 DU. There are big variation of total ozone value in 326 higher latitude stations, with alternation for mean value is up to 180 DU.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 529-539 [Abstract] ( 279 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1165KB] ( 1167 )
540 Air pollution episode in southern China due to the long range transport of coarse particle aerosol
WU Dui, WU Sheng, LI Fei, CHEN Huan-Huan
At the end of April 2009, a serious air pollution episode caused by long range transport of coarse particle aerosol occurred in Southern China. This episode was characterized by the excessive aerosol mass concentration without obvious visibility degradation. This paper investigates the underlying reasons for this typical air pollution episode in southern china. We found that there were three times of significant decrease of PM2.5-to-PM10 ratio, with the lowest value of 0.3. This was very different from the typical air pollution characteristics in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region where the ambient aerosols are generally dominated by fine particles. This clearly reflected the intrusion of coarse particles from outside PRD. We concluded that the floating dust particles, which may age at the Yangtze River Delta and then transport to the PRD, together with the local pollutants, were responsible for this severe air pollution episode.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 540-545 [Abstract] ( 255 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 841KB] ( 1194 )
546 Characteristics of aerosol optical properties at haze and non-haze weather during autumn at Jinan city
XU Zheng, LI Wei-Jun, YU Yang-Chun, WANG Xin-Feng, ZHOU Sheng-Zhen, WANG Wen-Xing
A field study was carried out using aethelometer and nephelometer from 11 October to 18 November, 2009 in Jinan. The results show that mean scattering coefficient (Scat.) and absorption coefficient (A.) are (582.5±311) Mm-1 and (680.2±47.2) Mm-1 during hazy day, (205.7±134.8) Mm-1 and (31.0±25.8) Mm-1 during non-hazy days. In particular, Scat. and Abs. on hazy day were 2.6 and 2.8 times higher than those on non-hazy days. Also, single scattering albedo (SSA) also exhibited a higher value on hazy days. Diurnal variations of Scat., A., and SSA should attribute to the formation of secondary aerosols and the accumulation of black carbon on hazy days. Furthermore, the mean values of AOD during the whole period, hazy days, and non-hazy days were 0.78, 1.14, and 0.47, respectively. On basis of the analysis of air mass back trajectories, air masses with high speed came from northwest to northeast of Jinan during the non-haze days, whereas air masses with low speed came from southwest to southeast of Jinan. Therefore, those southerly air masses passed the wildfire spots in south of Shandong province would promote formation of the regional hazes, and changed the optical properties of aerosol particles in Jinan.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 546-552 [Abstract] ( 319 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 575KB] ( 1423 )
553 Characteristics of particulate matter pollution during August 2009 in Beijing
WANG Lin-Lin, WANG Shu-Lan, WANG Xin-Feng, XU Zheng, ZHOU Sheng-Zhen, YUAN Chao, YU Yang-Chun, WANG Tao, WANG Wen-Xing
In order to investigate the characteristics of air quality of atmospheric particulate matter pollution in Beijing one year after the 2008 Olympic Games, particulate matter samples were collected in Beijing during August 2009. The daily mass concentrations of particles were measured and ions in them were also analyzed. Results showed that the mean daily mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in Beijing were 176.9 μg/m3 and 102.5 μg/m3 in August 2009, respectively. The concentrations of PM10 in 2009 were 180% higher than those in the same period of 2008 and 10% lower than those in 2007. The observed PM2.5 concentrations in 2009 were 126% higher than 2008 and 31% higher than 2007. Water-soluble ions were the major components and accounted for 43% and 61% of PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. The ratios of PM2.5/PM10 and NO3-/SO42-were much higher in polluted days than those in clear days, and the local mobile emission was the major polluted source in Beijing. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were significantly influenced by the weather conditions such as wind speed, wind direction and the rainfall process. Heavy particulate matter pollution was presented in case of southeast wind with wind speed of 0.5~1.0 m/s.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 553-560 [Abstract] ( 318 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 533KB] ( 1068 )
561 Size distributions of water-soluble inorganic ions of atmospheric aerosol particles in autumn in Jinan
YU Yang-Chun, DONG Can, WANG Xin-Feng, YANG Ling-Xiao, WANG Wen-Xing
Aerosol samples were collected in urban Jinan during October 2009 by a 8-stage Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor. To characterize mass size distributions of water-soluble inorganic ions of atmospheric aerosol particles, the ions were analyzed by ion chromatography. SO42-, NO3-, NH4+ , and Ca2+ were the most abundant ions which accounted for 92% of the total water-soluble ions. The concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, K+, and Cl- showed a sharp change, which was influenced mainly by wind speed and direction. The size distributions of SO42- and NH4+ were single-modal, and the major fraction was present in the fine mode. The peaks in SO42- and NH4+ shifted from 0.32-0.56 μm to 1-1.8 μm when their mass concentration increased. The size distributions of NO3- were bi-modal. Its peak in the fine-mode shifted from 0.56-1 μm to 1-1.8 μm when the mass concentration increased. The NO3- peak in coarse-mode was at 3.2-5.6 μm. In addition, our study results show that NH4+ could completely neutralize SO42- and NO3- in fine particles, as (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 aerosol particles.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 561-567 [Abstract] ( 260 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 601KB] ( 875 )
568 Preliminary research on the carbonyl compounds under of sea-land breeze at the west coast of the Pearl River Estuary
ZHUANG Yan-Juan, WANG Bo-Guang, LIU Can
A field observation was continuously conducted at Xinken, Guangzhou, China, using DNPH-HPLC/UV method to measure the composition and the concentration of volatile carbonyl compounds under sea-land breeze in the winter period from December 7th-9th, 2008. The distribution of carbonyl and their sources were studied. The results show that 17 carbonyl species were detected with a concentration range from 7.78′10-9 to 31.78′10-9. The concentrations of most carbonyls were higher on the ground than on the roof. Acetone was the most abundant carbonyl species at Xinken, followed by formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. The three compounds accounted for more than 70% of all measured carbonyls. Two different variation trends of the carbonyl compounds at Xinken were found. The first one was on December 8th suggesting the long-distance transport of urban pollutants while the other one was on December 7th and December 9th showing the influence of sea-land breeze. Based on the ratios among formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propanal and the component correlation analysis, it indicates that the carbonyl compounds were mainly impacted by the urban anthropogenic pollution sources which had a close relationship with the long-distance transport and sea-land breeze influence. Secondary products from atmospheric photochemical reactions and local emission from vegetation were also the important contributors.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 568-575 [Abstract] ( 268 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 557KB] ( 710 )
576 Sources and components of MVOC from a municipal sewage treatment plant in Guangzhou
TANG Xiao-Dong, WANG Bo-Guang, ZHAO De-Jun, LIU Shu-Le, HE Jie, FENG Zhi-Cheng
GDX-502 sampling tubes, two-stage thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry were used to investigate the composition and the content of malodor volatile organic compounds(MVOC) emitted from different processing units and the ambient sites of a typical municipal sewage treatment plant in Guangzhou. The molecular markers, atmospheric chemical reactivity, source profiles were studied. The results show that 40 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in the plant and were composed of alkanes, halogenated hydrocarbons, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbon, OVOC and mercaptans. 34 MVOC species were detected, accounting for more than 95% of the total VOCs in each processing units. Benzenes, 2-Butanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and dimethyl sulfide were found to be the MVOC molecular markers of the plant, while benzenes were the dominant components with the contribution of 75.89% to the measured MVOC. A strong correlation was found between the reconciliated source profile and the measured MVOC composition at the ambient receptor site.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 576-583 [Abstract] ( 341 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 418KB] ( 1628 )
584 Study on carbon monoxide poisoning with environmental meteorological factors analysis and potential forecast model
CHEN Hui, WU Hao, ZHAO Lin-Na, WANG Zhi, DI Jing-Yue, TIAN Hua
According to carbon monoxide poisoning data during September of 2006 to March of 2007 all over the country, choosing the carbon monoxide events with over eight sufferers as statistic samples, the relationship between carbon monoxide poisoning events and the meteorological conditions was analyzed. The results indicated that scant wind or silent wind and steady stratified atmosphere are the meteorological conditions unfavorable to the gas of carbon monoxide diffusing, at the same time, less temperature change, air pressure falling, more total cloud cover and high air humidity are also likely to carbon monoxide poisoning occurrence indirectly. Wind speed, stability of atmosphere, temperature variation in twenty-four hours, pressure variation in twenty-four hours, total cloud amount and relative humidity as predictors were used to build regional carbon monoxide poisoning potential model with meteorological forecast through a mathematic weighted-average technology.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 584-590 [Abstract] ( 217 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 510KB] ( 618 )
591 Treatment of refractory berberine wastewater with anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR)
LIU Feng-Hua, SONG Yong-Hui, SONG Cun-Yi, ZENG Ping, PENG Jian-Feng, QIU Guang-Lei
A four-compartment anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) fed on berberine wastewater was run under a berberine concentration between 50 and 300mg/L. The start-up and operational performance (total 175 days, including the start-up of 80 days) of the ABR was studied at (32±1)℃. Inoculums taken from Northeast Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment Plant were acclimated. Microorganism possessed definite adaptability on berberine wastewater after 80 days’ cultivation of ABR sludge. Under the berberine concentration 120mg/L the performance of ABR was the best, while the concentrations of berberine and COD in every compartment tended to decrease gradually; the removal rates of berberine and COD reached about 95 and 70 percent, respectively. The study on characteristics of sludge showed that sludge in each compartment was reddish-brown and black which the average MLSS of each compartment was 24.06g/L, 24.76g/L, 27.76g/L, 6.4g/L, respectively.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 591-596 [Abstract] ( 235 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 523KB] ( 676 )
597 Research on microbe community in tower earthworm ecology-filter by PCR-DGGE
GUO Fei-Hong, ZHENG Zheng, ZHANG Ji-Biao
Change of microbe community in tower earthworm ecology-filter was studied in this research with PCR-DGGE technology (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). These results showed that: the change of microbe community was obvious and linked with hydraulic resident time、pollutation burden and the volume of filters. Meanwhile, Shannon-Wiener Index of biodiversity increased from 0.25 to 1.27 in an all-round way, including 0.29～1.05 in the first filter, 0.75~0.97 in the second filter and 0.87~0.25~1.27 caused by some glucose added into influent in the last filter. Under the same reason, the activity and light of denitrifying bacteria were intensified on bluestone and gravel layers. After analysis of cloning sequencing and phylogenetic tree, most of the inferred bacteria were Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Gram-negative bacteria and uncultured Bacillus and changed evidently in different filters.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 597-602 [Abstract] ( 270 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 520KB] ( 1011 )
603 Study on arsenate adsorption by synthetic iron and aluminum oxides/hydroxides
WU Ping-Ping, ZENG Xi-Bai
Batch experiments were used to investigate arsenate adsorption by synthetic iron and aluminum oxides/hydroxides. The effects of adsorption time and pH on the adsorption behavior were also studied. The results showed that, As(V) adsorption by four iron and aluminum oxides/hydroxides increased with initial As(V) concentrations (0.1~100 mg/L), in which ferrihydrite showed a rising adsorption trend in the whole concentration range, with the adsorption amount of 22.56 mg/g at the initial As(V) of 100 mg/L . While the rapid increase in lower initial concentration and slow change in higher initial concentrations for the adsorption capacities of goethite, gibbsite, and hematite were obtained. When the initial As(V) reached 100mg/L, the least adsorption capacity of 4.75mg/g was received for hematite. Furthermore, the Freundlich equation fitted the data better than the Langmuir equation. The adsorption capacity of ferrihydrite is the highest, followed by goethite and gibbsite, and hematite shows lower adsorption capacity. With the increase of adsorption time, As(V) adsorption amount of four synthetic iron and aluminum oxides/hydroxides increased gradually, especially for ferrihydrite, reaching 96.3% of adsorption equilibrium in 10 minutes. The adsorption amount of goethite and gibbsite reached 97.4% and 97.2% of the equilibrium at 48h, respectively, while hematite required 96 hours to reach the equilibrium. Except ferrihydrite, four equations fitted the kinetic data better, especially the two-constant equation. The effect of pH on As(V) adsorption was associated to As(V) initial concentrations. In lower initial concentrations, adsorption of four synthetic iron and aluminum oxides/hydroxides decreased only under extremely alkaline conditions (pH>10), and when the initial concentrations were higher, adsorption amount dropped sharply with pH increasing.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 603-610 [Abstract] ( 211 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 421KB] ( 982 )
611 Phosphorus adsorption behaviors on iron-coated wasted eggshell in aqueous solution
GUO Zhao-Bing, CHEN Tian, CHEN Tian-Lei, ZHENG Zheng
Modification of wasted eggshell using ferric salt and phosphorus adsorption behaviors on the iron-coated eggshell are investigated. The results show that phosphorus adsorption capacity can be markedly improved on iron-coated eggshell compared to that on eggshell without modification. Phosphorus adsorption on iron-coated eggshell is an endothermal process, and its adsorption isotherms can be well described by Freundlich equation. The time-resolved curves of phosphorus adsorption on iron-coated eggshell follows pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, solution initial pH values have a significant effect on phosphorus adsorption. the maximum phosphorus adsorption amount on iron-coated eggshell can be achieved at pH value of 3.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 611-615 [Abstract] ( 218 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 345KB] ( 1106 )
616 Analysis of interfacial interactions in reverse osmosis membrane fouling by humic acid Effect of solution pH
PENG Qian, RAN De-Qin, WANG Ping, YIN Yong-Quan, LIANG Shuang
The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) approach was applied for better understanding of the basic interfacial interactions (i.e. van der Waals interaction, electrostatic interaction and acid-base interaction) involved in reverse osmosis(RO)membrane fouling by humic acid at different pHs. Based on the theoretical calculations with three representative RO membranes, the electrostatic interaction was found to be negeligible in membrane fouling. The van der Waals interaction favored fouling, whereas acid-base interaction could prevent it. The contribution of van der Waals interaction was higher in the cohesion stage than that in the adhesion stage. The acid-base interaction was dominant in both stages. Membrane fouling became less serious as solution pH increased. The surface free energy was affected by solution pH mainly via the alternation of acid-base energy. Correlation analysis of the corresponding fouling data proved that XDLVO approach could successfully describe the characteristics of RO membrane fouling by humic acid and quantitatively evaluate the involved interfacial interactions. The contact angle of RO membrane measured by pure water turned out to be an inappropriate parameter for accurate prediction of membrane fouling.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 616-621 [Abstract] ( 355 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 366KB] ( 1180 )
622 Isolation and identification of an alpha-pinene-degrading bacterium and its degradation characteristics
CHENG Zhuo-Wei, GU Xin-Na, JIANG Yi-Feng, CHEN Jian-Meng, CHEN Jun
An aerobic bacterium (strain PT) capable of degrading α-pinene was isolated from the biofilm of a biotrickling filter. Based on its morphology, physiological-biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and Biolog analysis, the strain PT was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens. The results of response surface methodology (RSM) indicated that the initial conditions of NaCl concentration 0.00%, pH7.31 and temperature 25.5°C were optimal for its growth with the maximum biodegradation rate. Haldane’s kinetics model could be fit to the kinetics date well and the maximum specific degradation rate was 0.0364h-1. The strain PT could biodegrade several industrial contaminants which were characterized with simple or similar structures to that of α-pinene. GC/MS analysis showed that α-pinene was converted to some simple organic compounds (limonene, perillic acid etc.) by the strain PT, which was finally mineralized to CO2, H2O and synthesized to cell biomass. Analysis of carbon balance indicated that the rates for the mineralization and the biomass synthesis were about 64.83% and 30.37%, respectively.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 622-630 [Abstract] ( 288 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 929KB] ( 988 )
631 Study of micro-ecosystem of the Wenyu River by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.
DONG Ping, SUN Yu-Jiao, WANG Hong-Qi, CHEN Li-Ding, ZHANG Hui
The micro-ecology of Wenyu River in different scales and periods was researched by T-RFLP method. We found its dominant communities based on several factors: the number of species, species abundance, dominant colonies, the stability of community structure of the micro-organisms, etc. And then we studied the diversity of every microbial community structures, as well as the variation over different times of the same one community. Finally, we examined the relevance between the microbial indicators and water quality objectives(COD).Results indicate the number of microbe in Wenyu River had significant changed in different scales and periods, also show that seasonal changes had an apparent impact on microbial communities in water .Microbial communities of T-RF67bp, 151bp, 440bp, 481bp, 488bp represent the dominant species in river; T-RF135bp, 151bp, 440bp are most sensitive to environment, suggesting they may act as indictors of environment changing. The relationship between Microbial indicators and cod presents positive correlation. This study is the foundation to further understand the structures and functions of whole ecology system.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 631-636 [Abstract] ( 214 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 737KB] ( 750 )
637 Bioaccumulation potentials of polychlorinated biphenyls in bottom fishes from an e-waste recycling site in South China
WU Jiang-Ping, GUAN Yun-Tao, ZHANG Ying, LUO Xiao-Jun, ZHANG Xi-Hui, MAI Bi-Xian
The bioaccumulation potentials of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in bottom fishes from an e-waste recycling site in South China were investigated, and the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) and biomagnification factors (BMFs) were determined based on the concentrations of PCBs in surfacial sediment samples and in three bottom fishes (i.e., mud carp, crucian carp, and northern snakehead). Concentrations of total PCBs in the sediments ranged from 24.5 to 38.6μg/g dry wet (or 279.2-338.5μg/g OC), showing severe contamination of PCBs in the aquatic environment. The calculated BSAFs ranged from 0.05 to 2.52, 0.01 to 1.20, and 0.01 to 5.03 for mud carp, crucian carp, and northern snakehead, respectively. The BMFs ranged from 0.14 to 2.23 and 0.14 to 4.93 for the northern snakehead/mud carp and northern snakehead/crucian carp coupling. For most PCB congeners, the observed BMFs were less than unit, indicating the biomagnification of these congeners in the food-chain. Both BSAFs and log BMF correlated significantly with log KOW and the chlorine numbers of PCBs, which suggested that the physiochemical properties of PCBs played an important role in their bioaccumulation.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 637-641 [Abstract] ( 274 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 441KB] ( 868 )
642 Toxicity effect of Trimethyltin chloride on aquatic organisms
LI Zhi-Fei, XIE Jun, GONG Wang-Bao, YU De-Guang, WANG Guang-Jun, TANG Xiao-Jiang
A study was carried out on the acute toxicity effects of Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) on Chlorela pyrenoidosa,Daphnia magna and Danio rerio. The results suggested that the growth of Chlorela pyrenoidosa was inhibited in the TMT of experimental content, the inhibiting effect increased significantly with the concentration increasing. The part of Chlorela pyrenoidosa cells even would be lethal in the higher concentration group(5.31,20mg/L). The toxic effects of TMT had the highest toxicity to Chlorela pyrenoidosa and Daphnia magna, and the 96h-EC50 and 48h-LC50 was 0.46mg/L and 0.087mg/L, respectively. while was high-toxic to Danio rerio, the 96h-LC50 concentration was 2.45mg/L. EC50/LC50 changed regularly with the test time. The two main reasons leading to the potential threat to the aquatic organisms could be the neurotoxicity and lipophilic property of TMT.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 642-646 [Abstract] ( 270 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 365KB] ( 1208 )
647 The tenax extraction technique to predict the bioavailability of aged PAHs in soil
吕Zheng-Yong , YANG Xing-Lun, WANG Fang, WEI Hai-Jiang, JIANG Xin
Tenax-TA was used to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from 9 aged agricultural soils and to assess the PAHs bioavailability to earthworm (Eisenia Fetida). The results showed that the high molecular weight PAHs (≥ 4 rings) contributed the largest proportion to the contaminants in the long-term aged agricultural soils. Moreover, the light molecular weight PAHs could be susceptible to be accumulated in the earthworm, while the high molecular weight PAHs were hard to be accumulated. In the present study, PAHs desorption from the agricultural soils was investigated by Tenax extraction. The results of the Tenax consecutive extraction (400 h) indicated that the rate constants were in the order of 10-1~10-2, 10-2~10-3 and 10-4~10-6 and the corresponding fractions were 0.02~0.27, 0.01~0.33 and 0.40~0.95 for the rapid, slow and very-slow desorption, respectively. The fraction of PAHs extracted by Tenax for 6h correlated well with the amount accumulated in earthworms, indicating that Tenax 6 h-extracted fraction could serve as a good predictor of PAHs bioavailability to earthworm.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 647-656 [Abstract] ( 257 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 580KB] ( 862 )
657 Studies on natural radioactivity of soil in North of Guangzhou
YUE Yu-Mei, SONG Gang, ZHANG Zhi-Qiang, FU Ying-Jie, CHEN Di-Yun
The contents of radioactive nuclides 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soils in northern Guangzhou were measured using an HPGe γ-ray spectrometer. The measured activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 167.5 (43.0-605.0), 171.7 (47.8-603.6), 183.2 (45.4~447.1) and 871.7 (70.5~1967.2) Bq/kg, respectively, which were evidently higher than the average values of Guangdong Province and countrywide. The absorbed dose rates in air from γ radiation above the sampling points were determined and found to be generally lower than the predicted values based on the Beck formula. The calculated mean values of radium equivalent activity, external hazard index and annual effective dose rate were 502.0 Bq/kg, 1.4 and 284.7 μSv/a, respectively. The results indicate that the levels of gamma radiation external irradiation and natural radioactivity in soils of northern Guangzhou are much higher compared with the average values of nationwide and Guangdong.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 657-661 [Abstract] ( 272 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 385KB] ( 793 )
662 Distribution characteristics of organochlorine pesticides in soil samples from the northern Wuyi Mountains, Fujian, Southeast China
ZHANG Jia-Quan, QI Shi-Hua, TAN Ling-Zhi, ZHANG Jun-Peng, XING Xin-Li
106 soil samples were collected from the northern Wuyi Mountains. The concentrations of OCPs in the samples were determined by GC-ECD with the internal standard method. The results showed that HCHs and DDTs were found widely in all samples and the concentrations of HCHs, DDTs in soils of the northern Wuyi Mountains were in the ranges of 1.05~25.07 ng/g (with a mean 3.98 ng/g), 0.01~107.99 ng/g (with a mean 7.48 ng/g), respectively. The residue level in different lands was in the order as follows: paddy field > vegetable land > woodland. The results also showed that the soils in the study area have polluted lightly by DDTs, but not been polluted by HCHs. Compared to the reference data of Antarctic and Tebat area, the status of this area can be called “low pollution”. Through source analysis,β-HCH was the major source of HCHs. The results indicated that HCHs in this area were historical application. But, new DDTs (dicofol) could be used recently in this area.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 662-667 [Abstract] ( 231 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 720KB] ( 642 )
668 County-level changes in nitrogen budgets in agroecosystems against the background of rapid urbanization: A case study of Yixing Municipality in Eastern China’s Jiangsu Province
NING Tong, GAO Chao, XU You-Peng
Nitrogen budgets in agroecosystems in the year 1985, 2003 and 2008 were calculated for Yixing Municipality in Eastern China’s Jiangsu Province. Nitrogen surpluses on farmland was as high as 131.7 kg/hm2 in 1985, but had dropped sharply in recent years. By 2008, it had reached a well balanced nitrogen supply due to a remarkably lower input and the surplus was only a 5.0 kg/hm2. Reduced application of chemical fertilizers was the main explanation for the decreasing nitrogen input. Another major reason for the lower nitrogen input was the decreasing recycling of organic wastes in agriculture as the region became more and more urbanized. Reduced nitrogen surplus in farmlands favors the remediation of water pollution from non-point source. However, parts of discarded organic wastes are discharged into surface water without or with little treatment, posing new challenges to water quality management.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 668-673 [Abstract] ( 275 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 438KB] ( 667 )
674 Evaluation method of small landscape waters eutrophication based on the GA-BP model
ZHANG Wei-Yan, SHEN Bei-Lei, TONG Yan, HU Xue-Qin, XU Chun-Yan, YOU Wen-Hui, BAO Fang-Fang
In order to study evaluation methods on eutrophication of small landscape waters, we take 10 garden landscape waters of Shanghai into account. We use principle component analysis method to filter out the evaluation factors and determine the evaluation criteria. The GA-BP model of Matlab is used to evaluate totally 40 data sets, which contains the data of 10 gardens under four seasons. Our results demonstrate that it is consistent with that AHC-PCA. Five evaluation factors, including Chla, TP, TN, CODMn and SD, can be easily obtained, as a result, our model could be widely extended.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 674-679 [Abstract] ( 223 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 532KB] ( 812 )
680 Study on the assessment model about contaminant load distribution in basins—take Sheyuchuan small watershed as example
WU Xiao-Feng, LI Ting
On the basis of potential non-point pollution index (PNPI) which is developed in Europe, according to the social economy condition and basin situation, 3 important improvements were made including extending land use types, matching land use types and dividing the soil permeability classes to build up potential pollution index (PPI) which can be used to assess pollution distribution in the watershed. The improved PPI was applied and verified by qualitative analysis in three typical watersheds-Caojialu, Huangtukan and Sheyuchuan. The improved PPI could comprehensively evaluate the potential threat on river water from different pollution sources including farms and tourist area, and then could evaluate the space distribution of potential pollution to the river from different sources in the watershed.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 680-687 [Abstract] ( 248 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 495KB] ( 878 )
688 Spatial characteristic analysis of land use eco-risk based on landscape structure: a case study in the Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province
XIE Hua-Lin
In this paper a case study of land use eco-risk assessment was conducted in the Xingguo County, an typical red soil hilly region in Jiangxi Province. The assessment method was based on landscape disturbance index and landscape fragility. Spatial distribution and gradient differentiation characteristics of land use eco-risks in the study area were analyzed by means of spatial statistics like spatial autocorrelation and semi-variance analysis. Conclusions from the study were as follows. Eco-risk degree of land use was positive correlation, and a decreasing trend exits with the increase of grain size of landscape patches. Eco-environment quality mounted up to a small extent while and the area with high eco-risk lessened in the period from 1994 to 2005 in Xingguo County. Eco-risk degree of land use in the east area and its peripheral regions were high. The step length of the eco-risk index’s spatial differentiation is short 43km in 1994 and 9.3km in 2005.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 688-695 [Abstract] ( 246 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1132KB] ( 859 )
696 Impact of transport during the Spring Festival on ambient noise in surrounding area of the Guangzhou Railway Station
SONG Gang, WANG Xian, CHEN Di-Yun, CHEN Yong-Heng
In this paper, AWA6291+A-noise spectrum analyzer was used to measure the noise of transport during the Spring Festival/non-Spring Festival at the Guangzhou Railway Station and the surroundings of eight monitoring points. The results indicated that, the passenger transport during the Spring Festival had a great impact on the ambient noise level at these points, reduced noise was measured at the residential area and a park far away from the Railway Station and the traffic artery. The measured noises are related to traffic-flows and human activities at these points.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 696-699 [Abstract] ( 202 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 296KB] ( 649 )
700 Optimization of printing and coal tar disposal and life cycle assessment
MAI Shuai, WANG Xing-Run, MA Li-Na, YAN Xiang-Hua, NONG Ze-Xi, TU Meng-Bo
According to the chemical and physical properties of coal tar, the optimization of Coal tar disposal program was advanced in this article. By normalizing environmental themes and utilizing AHP to quality weighting factors, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the optimization program is processed systematically. The results showed that compared with the original disposition of the optimized process the environmental load reduces of 30.79%. In addition, coal-fired power can be used to produce electrical energy to realize resource recycling.
2011 Vol. 31 (4): 700-704 [Abstract] ( 280 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 424KB] ( 961 )
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