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2010 Vol.30 Issue.4,Published 2010-04-20
433 Polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor and outdoor dust of Shanghai and exposure assessment of them to human
LI Chen, YU Ying-Xin, ZHANG Dong-Ping, FENG Jia-Liang, WU Ming-Hong, SHENG Guo-Ying, FU Jia-Mo
Seasonal concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in indoor and outdoor dust in Shanghai during the period from November 2008 to June 2009 were determined. Concentrations of PCBs in indoor dust in the spring and winter were higher than those in summer and autumn. However, the opposite profiles were found in outdoor dust. The total concentrations of PCBs in individual samples ranged from 1.0×103 to 1.97×106pg/g and from n.d. to 1.96×106pg/g for indoor and outdoor dust samples, respectively. In addition, the factors affecting the bioaccessibility of PCBs in dust, which included bile content, ratios of liquid to dust, incubation time and concentrations of PCBs, were investigated with response surface methodology using an in vitro test that simulated the human gastrointestinal digestion. The results showed that bile content played the most important role among the factors. On the basis of the concentrations and bioaccessibility of PCBs, and the amount of ingested dust, human intakes of PCBs via dust ingestion were estimated as 2.657×102~1.078×104pg/d and 1.328×102~5.329×103pg/d for children and adults, respectively.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 433-441 [Abstract] ( 241 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1154KB] ( 934 )
442 Dynamic adsorption of volatile organic compounds on two kinds of mesoporous molecular sieves
HUANG Hai-Feng, CHU Xiang, LU Han-Feng, ZHANG Bo, CHEN Yin-Fei
The MCM-41 and SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieves with ordered structure and high surface area were synthesized by template method. Dynamic adsorption of toluene, o-xylene, mesitylene on the mesoporous molecular sieves were studied. The adsorption of VOCs on mesoporous molecular sieves increased with increasing molecular size and concentration of VOCs, but decreased with increasing bed temperature. Because of the microporous structures which on the pore wall, the SBA-15 was appropriate in adsorption of low concentration and micromolecule VOCs, MCM-41 was appropriate in adsorption of high concentration and macromolecules VOCs. The result of TPD showed that the VOCs on mesoporous material could be desorbed mostly below 150℃.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 442-447 [Abstract] ( 253 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 450KB] ( 1457 )
448 Thiophene sulfide removal with novel porous material MOF-199
DAI Wei, ZHUANG Hai-Tang, MA Bing-Hui-Han-Min-Min, ZHENG Yu, CHEN Qing-Miao
Novel porous material MOF-199 was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by XRD, SEM analyses and N2 adsorption at 77 K. Types of simulated oils on adsorptive separation thiophene sulfur was stuied by fixed adsorption bed breakthrough curves. It was found that the saturation capacity of sulfur element for MOF-199 was 1.96wt% and 1.85wt% in the aliphatic and aromatic simulated oil, respectively, higher than those previously reported results. The saturation capacity of sulfur element for MOF-199 was 2.15wt% and 1.62wt% in mositure aliphatic and aromatic simulated oil mixture. However, when moisture existed, the capacity dropped to 1.62wt%, which decreased by 25% compared with dry oil mixture. Moreover, the saturation capacity of 2.12wt% can be obtained by laying actived carbon technique.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 448-452 [Abstract] ( 295 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 623KB] ( 1149 )
453 Nutrient status evaluation for tributary of Three Gorges Reservoir
XU Qiu-Jin, ZHENG Bing-Hui, ZHU Yan-Zhong, LI Han, JIANG Li-Jia
On the basis of comprehensive applying the methods for making nutrient control standards in domestic and international lakes and reservoirs, an improved comprehensive method for nutrient state index was expressed, and the eutrophication assessment to the tributary of Three Gorges Reservoir was studied. Tributaries of the reservoir were mainly at middle-eutrophication level during the investigation. Among the 30 tributaries, 19 tributaries were at the level of eutrophication, while the others were at the level of mid-etrophication. The average integrated nutrient state index of tributaries was high from April to September, and these tributaries all reached the level of eutrophication. The maximum value of tributaries was 55.43 in August. Tributaries had a higher risk of eutrophication in Spring and Summer. April to September should be a sensitive period which should control the occurrence of eutrophication in the reservoir. The comprehensive nutrient index method proposed was consistent with actual water quality condition of tributaries in Three Gorges Reservoir, and is suitable for eutrophication evaluation of tributaries in Three Gorges Reservoir.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 453-457 [Abstract] ( 261 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 396KB] ( 1480 )
458 Cost-benefit analysis of treated wastewater reuse for large public building in Shanghai
PAN Qi, WANG Feng, LIU Jun, YANG Hai-Zhen
For the issues of treated wastewater reuse in large public building in Shanghai, analysis of the cost and benefit of the project of treated wastewater reuse was performed based on life cycle assessment and Monte Carlo simulation. The cost of the biological contact oxidation treatment process in life cycle concentrated in a range of 2.4027~2.7600 million yuan. At current water price in Shanghai, the whole lifecycle expected benefits mostly ranged from -539.8~-375.4 thousand yuan and return period of investment did not exist within 50 years. When the price is 3.8 yuan per ton, the benefits raise to 230.3~519.4 thousand yuan and cost could be recovered within 18~19 years. If the tariff reached 6.10 yuan per ton, 1.9247~2.6336 million would be achievable and the payback time would reduce to 4~5 years. Consequently, in terms of the cost and benefit of the project of treated wastewater reuse, the present water price in Shanghai was so cheap that it did harm to the promotion of treated wastewater reuse. So the suggestion had been proposed that raising the water price appropriately or subsidizing the project.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 458-463 [Abstract] ( 257 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 388KB] ( 1014 )
464 Fluoride levels and its implications for health risk in drinking water in Anhui Province
GAO Hong-Jian, ZHANG Xian-Chen, ZHANG Zheng-Zhu, WAN Xiao-Chun
Drinking water samples from 231 sites in Anhui Province of China were collected at random and its fluoride contents were investigated. Results indicated that the fluoride concentrations in drinking water ranged from 0.12 to 1.94mg/L with the mean value of 0.57mg/L. The order of the mean fluoride concentrations in drinking water was as follows: Huai-bei plain region (0.85mg/L) > Da-bie-shan mountainous region (0.42mg/L) ≈ Jiang-huai hill region (0.41mg/L) >plain along the Yangtze River (0.34mg/L)>Southern Anhui mountainous Region (0.24mg/L). The fluoride concentration in 61.85% of samples were less than 0.50mg/L, 24.89% of the samples were 0.51~1.0mg/L, 12.05% of the samples were 1.0~1.5mg/L, and only 1.21% of them were higher than 1.5 mg/L. The total fluoride intake from drinking water by local residents ranged from 0.26 to 4.3 mg per day supposing the consumption of 2.2 L water per day. Therefore, management of drinking water should be concerned to increase the fluoride in drinking water in Jiang-huai hill region, Da-bie-shan mountainous region, plain along the Yangtze River region and Southern Anhui mountainous region for controlling dental caries, and to reduce the fluoride in drinking water in Huai-bei plain region for decreasing endemic fluorosis.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 464-467 [Abstract] ( 265 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 294KB] ( 1936 )
468 Assessment on genotoxicity and health risks of microcystin in drinking water sources
WANG Wei-Qin, JIN Yong-Tang, WU Bin, SUN Xiao-Yu, PANG Xiao-Lu, WANG Jing
To assess the genotoxicity of microcystin (MC) in drinking water source for bacteria, carp and human, high health risk of MC-LR was observed, based on concentrations of organic pollutants in 101 drinking water sources of Zhejiang province. Surface water of 2 typical drinking water source A and B were sampled, which were relatively seriously polluted by MC-LR. The diluted microcystin of MC-LR was added to the water samples, while MC-LR-containing purified water was prepared. The HLB resin was used to absorb and concentrate the microcystin in source water samples. The bacteria, human peripheral blood lymphocytes and ornamental carp erythrocyte were treated by purified water, drinking water source A and B, concentrated water samples, and MC-LR-containing purified water, respectively. The mutation of bacterial DNA was assessed by Ames test. The DNA damage of human peripheral blood lymphocytes was tested by comet assay. Micronucleus of ornamental carp erythrocyte was measured by micronucleus test. Compared with purified water, drinking water source A and B, concentrated samples, and MC-LR-containing purified water resulted in DNA damage of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (P<0.01). With the concentration of MC-LR increasing, the level of DNA damage was growing up. Likewise, concentrated water samples and MC-LR-containing purified water were able to induce higher frequency of micronucleus in carp erythrocyte. However, DNA mutation induced by concentrated water samples, drinking water source A and B, and MC-LR-containing purified water were not observed. It is practical to simulate the microcystin-releasing with MC-LR dissolving in drinking water source. Microcystin in drinking water source could induce micronucleus in carp erythrocyte and DNA damage in human lymphocytes. It indicated that MC-LR may have the potential adverse effects on human health.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 468-476 [Abstract] ( 244 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 431KB] ( 1179 )
477 Algicidal activity of prodigiosin against harmful algae
LIU Bo-Ya, WEI Dong-Zhi, LU Si-Ran, ZHOU Wen-Yu, SHEN Ya-Ling, XU Ren, WANG Jin-Hui
Prodigiosin (PG), a secondary metabolite (red pigment) produced by Serratia marcescens and other bacteria, possesses a lot of bioactivity. However, its algicidal effect was not researched in detail. The algicidal activity of prodigiosin against harmful algae, causing red tide and fresh water bloom, and its light decomposition were studied. The algicidal concentration of prodigiosin for completely killing harmful algae in 24 hours including Nitzschia closterium, Skeletonema costatum, Anabena flosaquae and Merismopedia spp. were 5.0 μg/mL. When 5.0 μg/mL prodigiosin was exposed under the light of 30000lx for 36 h, all prodigiosin was photodecomposed. The light sensistivity of prodigiosin will not bring secondary pollution to the natural environment.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 477-482 [Abstract] ( 395 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 399KB] ( 1095 )
483 Environmental factors of allelopathic effects against algae by response surface methodology
ZHANG Nan, SUN Chang-Hong, JI Min
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize three environmental factors (temperature, light intensity and total dissolved solids) of allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes against Chlorella vulgaris. By analyzing the response surface plots, the optimum ranges of the relatively inhibitory rate of algal cell number lied in 42℃, 2683lx and total salt content of 3706mg/L. The significance level of the RSM model was less than 0.0001 and the correlation coefficient was 0.9800, which indicating the model was satisfactory and accurate.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 483-486 [Abstract] ( 242 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 521KB] ( 927 )
487 Speciation of heavy metals in sediments from inner lakeside belt of Lake Dianchi
LU Shao-Yong, JIAO Wei, JIN Xiang-Can, LI Guang-De, LIU Zhen, ZHANG Ye
BCR three stage sequential extraction procedure was applied to examine the speciation and concentration of four heavy metals(Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) in the sediments from inner lakeside belt of Lake Dianchi, and the bioavailability of these heavy metals was determined. Cd and Zn mainly occurred in weak acid soluble fraction, reducible fraction and oxidisable fraction, while Pb and Cu mainly occurred in residual fraction. According to the percentage of fractions extracted in total content, bioavailability for four metals varied in the descending order of Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb. The relationship between TOC and speciation of these heavy metals showed that the combination of oxidisable fraction and TOC was much stronger than that of weak soluble fraction and reducible fraction, respectively. Total content of fractions extracted of heavy metals in surface sediment was apparently Caohai>Waihai, and the content of Zn, Cd, Pb in fractions extracted by BCR method all decreased with the increase of depth except for Cu.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 487-492 [Abstract] ( 254 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 545KB] ( 1125 )
493 Contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic materials in sediments and theirs distribution along depth at Xixi Wetland
CHEN Ru-Hai, ZHAN Liang-Tong, CHEN Yun-Min, HU Hong-Zhi
A special sampler was made to take continous specimens of sediment (up to 2m long) from Xixi Wetland. The contents of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP) and organic matter (OM) were measured on the sediment specimens taken from different depths, and their distributions along depth in this wetland were determined. Concentrations of TN, TP and OM in the pore-water of sediments and the upper water body were also measured. On the base of the measurements, the eutrophication pollution degree in the sediments was evaluated by using the organic index method. It was found that the active zone of pollution was extended to a depth of 60cm below the river bed. Sediments in the active zone were slightly-moderately polluted, and no pollution was observed at the depth greater than 60cm (i.e., relatively stable zone). The distributions of TN, TP and OM along depth showed a consistent trend. The amounts of TN and TP in the pore water of shallow sediments were found to be much more than those in the above water body. So nitrogen and phosphorous in the pore water was likely released into the above water due to the concentration gradient. The test results indicate that the water quality in the wetland could not be completely recovered only by replacing the polluted water with clean water. It is also needed to dredge the contaminated sediments in the wetland. The depth of active zone (i.e., 60cm) provides an implication for a proper dredging depth.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 493-498 [Abstract] ( 320 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 412KB] ( 1241 )
499 Effect of temperature on the ecological floating bed system
LUO Gu-Yuan, BU Fa-Ping, XU Xiao-Yi, CAO Jia, SHU Wei-Qun
In order to investigate the effect of temperature on the ecological floating bed system, the ecological floating bed was constructed to treat heavily polluted river water of Linjiang River. The temperature influenced the ecological floating bed system significantly, among which the effect on the purification of TN and TP could be best described as a notably parabolic relationship. The removal efficiencies of TN and TP increased significantly with the increase in the water temperature from 2 to 29℃, but exhibited a decreasing trend with the increase in temperature was higher than 29℃. In addition, temperature showed a greater effect on TN removal than on TP removal. The optimal operating temperature of the ecological floating bed was 25~29℃, when the average height of plants was 209.9 cm, the average amounts of nutrient storage in plant tissues was 69.84 g/m2 for nitrogen,19.73 g/m2 for phosphorus; and the removal efficiencies of TN and TP were 38.7%~44.1%, 38.6%~43.6%, respectively.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 499-503 [Abstract] ( 211 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 383KB] ( 860 )
504 Nitrogen removal performance of anammox process and toxic mechanism of pharmaceutical wastewater
CHEN Ting-Ting, TANG Chong-Jian, ZHENG Ping
In order to develop effective process to remove nitrogen from pharmaceutical wastewater, the performance of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) for nitrogen removal from pharmaceutical wastewater was investigated using upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. The acute toxicity of pharmaceutical wastewater, the influent and effluent of anammox UASB reactor as well as the cumulative toxicity of pharmaceutical wastewater to anammox sludge were also studied. The reactor operation results indicated that when the pharmaceutical wastewater was diluted more than 30 times, the toxicant concentration below the threshold and the operation performance of anammox reactor was very good, the average removal rate of ammonia and nitrite reached 87.8% and 95.6% respectively, the average volumetric total nitrogen loading rate was up to 10.38 kg/(m3×d). However, when the pharmaceutical wastewater was diluted less than 20 times, the toxicant concentration higher than the threshold and the operation performance of anammox reactor deteriorated, the average removal rate of ammonia and nitrite reduced to 24.6% and 26.0%, and then completely disappeared. The acute toxicity by photobacteria tests showed that the pharmaceutical wastewater, the influent and effluent of anammox process all had intense biotoxicity. When the relative luminosity was 50%, the dilution factors of the three samples were 70.5, 5.19, 7.77 respectively. After anammox treatment, the toxicity of effluent enhanced. The cumulative toxicity by photobacteria tests suggested that the toxicants in pharmaceutical wastewater could cumulate in anammox sludge, leading to higher toxicity in the test Anammox sludge than that in the seed sludge.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 504-509 [Abstract] ( 294 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 400KB] ( 923 )
510 Laboratory study on the decolorization of reactive brilliant blue X-BR treated by an integrated Fe0–anaerobic biological system
GUO Yan, XIAO Li-Ping, DENG Zhi-Yi, TANG Wen-Qi
An anthraquinone dye, reactive brilliant blue X-BR, was treated by an integrated Fe0-anaerobic biological system. Through shake flasks tests, the effects of some factors, such as Fe0 dose, pH, etc., on the decolorization of X-BR were studied. The decolorization effects of the dye in three different treatment systems were compared as well. The Fe0 concentration and pH had optimal values during the decolorization of X-BR in Fe0-anaerobic biological system. When Fe0 dose, initial pH value and X-BR concentration were 400mg/L, 7 and 100 mg/L respectively, the decolorization rate of X-BR in the integrated system could reach up to 90% after 68 h reaction. Compared with pure Fe0 and pure microorganism treatment systems, it could be improved about 40% under the same experimental conditions. In addition, the analysis result of UV-vis spectrogram indicated that Fe0 could promote effectively biodegrading of anthraquinone dye X-BR and its intermediate products. The decolorization kinetics of X-BR was in accordance with pseudo first-order reaction dynamics and the reaction rate constant reduced from 0.0470h-1 to 0.0102h-1 with the dye concentration increased from 50mg/L to 800mg/L.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 510-515 [Abstract] ( 255 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 460KB] ( 629 )
516 Process of methyl orange simulated wastewater degraded by supported bipolar three-dimension particle electrodes
KONG Ling-Guo, WANG Ling, XUE Jian-Jun
The methyl orange simulated wastewater has been treated by a three-dimensional-electrode processin which load-type activated carbon was used as particle electrodes. Effects of different particle electrode and the factors affecting the removal efficiency of COD and degradation of color were studied. Kinetics and the degradation mechanism of methyl orange simulated wastewater was studied by UV-visible absorption spectra. Loading manganese compounds’ particle electrodes could get best effect, the corresponding color and COD degradation rate reached about 97% and 80% after 3h, respectively. Experimental results showed that the optimal operating conditions were as follows: cell voltage 12V, initial pH value 3, concentration of supporting electrolyte 0.05mol/L. The analysis results from kinetics indicated that the degradation of methyl orange was first-order kinetics. Analytical results from UV-visible absorption spectra indicated the color and COD were well degraded by three-dimensional-electrode process using load-type activated carbon as particle electrodes.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 516-521 [Abstract] ( 245 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 524KB] ( 1096 )
522 Cultivation and characters of the aerobic granules for ammonium and sulfide removal in SBR system
SU Cai-Li, YU Yong-Chang, REN Tian-Bao, ZHANG Sha-Sha, TIAN Yuan
Cultivation and characters of the aerobic granules for ammonium and sulfide removal in a sequencing batch reactor were studied. The aerobic granules were cultivated using anaerobic granular sludge as seed sludge under controlled operational conditions in 30 days. The diameter of most of the aerobic granules was about 1~2mm and the SVI was 30~40mL/g. The granule was dominated by brevibacterium, and wrapped by a large number of filamentous bacteria. When the COD and NH4+-N loading were 1.65, 0.17 kg/(m3·d), and the S2- loading increased from 0.15 to 0.9 kg/(m3·d), the removal efficiencies of S2-, COD and NH4+-N were >99%, >80% and >98%, respectively. The reactor showed high removal capacity of NH4+-N under the high S2- concentration, which was possible due to the layered structure of aerobic granules or the characteristics that sulfide could be fast oxidized prior to the ammonium.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 522-526 [Abstract] ( 251 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 567KB] ( 654 )
527 Characteristics and biodegradation of aniline by aerobic granular sludge
WANG Dian-Zhan, ZHOU Li-Xiang
Mixed microorganisms which can degrade aniline efficiently were cultured and acclimated from aerobic activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant being used to treat aniline and nitrobenzene wastewater. In the process of acclimation, mixed microorganisms transformed into granular sludge gradually, which was used later to degrade aniline. The mixed microorganisms would degrade aniline efficiently under the optimum conditions as follows: temperature was 28℃, pH was 7.0, and aniline was the sole carbon and nitrogen source. When the initial concentration of aniline was 600mg/L, it could be degraded completely in 18h at the optimum conditions just mentioned, and the degrading velocity of aniline by mixed microorganisms reached as high as 33.6mg/(L·h).
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 527-532 [Abstract] ( 264 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 524KB] ( 732 )
533 Immobilization of hexachlorocyclohexane and growth of ryegrass by organic clays in soils
LIU Zong-Tang, XU Min, LIN Yun-Qing, LU Zai-Liang, ZHANG Gang-Ya
Effects of the application of organic clays as soil amendments on hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) immobilization and on ryegrass growth in contaminated soils were investigated. The organic clays have proved to be effective environmental and agronomic amendments for reducing the mobility and biological effectiveness of HCH. The results from pot experiments in greenhouse indicated that the organic clays could significantly fix the HCH in soils and reduce its concentrations in ryegrass. Compared with the control, concentrations of HCH in roots and shoots of ryegrass were reduced by 53.9%~87.6% and 37.4%~56.6% through addition of 8% organic clays, the shoot biomass increased by 52.3%~119.3% through the addition of 1%~4% organic clays.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 533-538 [Abstract] ( 195 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 614KB] ( 703 )
539 Combined effect of enhanced UV-B radiation and straw addition on respiration rate and N2O emission from soil-soybean system
HU Zheng-Hua, YANG Yan-Ping, LI Han-Mao, CHEN Shu-Tao, LI Cen-Zi, SHEN Shuang-He
To investigate the combined influence of enhanced UV-B radiation and straw addition on respiration rate and N2O emission from soybean ecosystem, field experiments were carried out during soybean growing season. Enhanced UV-B radiation significantly declined mean respiration rate (MRR) and mean N2O flux (MNF). During the trefoil-branching stage, flowering-podding stage, filling-ripening stage and whole growth stage, MRR were declined by 59.88%,65.47%,67.35% and 64.44%, respectively, MNF were decreased by 37.94%,24.61%,48.42% and 34.16%, respectively. Straw addition (S) had a positive effect on respiration rate, which increased by 59.88%,61.50%,99.16% and 64.44% in above 4 stages. Though S treatment declined MNF of whole growth stage, there was no significant difference between S and the control (C) (P=0.236). Combined treatment of straw addition and enhanced UV-B radiation (SU) significantly accelerated the reapiration rate, declined MNF of whole growth stage, but there was no significant difference in MNF between SU and C (P=0.229).
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 539-543 [Abstract] ( 179 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 332KB] ( 648 )
544 Metabolism of anthracene in ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)
ZHANG Yi, LING Wan-Ting, CHEN Dong-Sheng, GONG Shuai-Shuai, GAO Yan-Zheng
Metabolism of anthracene by ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was studied using a greenhouse experiment. Anthraqinone and anthrone as the first-grade metabolic products of anthracene was analysed. Concentrations of anthracene in ryegrass decreased from 0.760mg/kg to 0.147mg/kg, and 80.6% of anthracene was degrdaded in 0~16d. Anthracene was proven to be metabolized by ryegrass, and root was the main position where the metabolism performed. And anthrone was found to accumulate in the plant, while anthraqinone was further metabolized in plant bodies. The release of anthraqinone and anthrone from plant root to cultivation solution was detected. Translocation of anthraqinone and anthrone from plant root to shoot was observed, and translocation factor (TF) values of anthrone and anthraqinone were 0.796~1.285 and 0.239~0.653, indicating the more easier translocation of anthrone than anthraqinone in ryegrass.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 544-547 [Abstract] ( 259 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 351KB] ( 749 )
548 Health risk assessment of groundwater in hazardous waste landfill disposal
JI Wen-Jia, YANG Zi-Liang, WANG Qi, HUANG Ze-Chun, MA Chun-Yan, HUANG Qi-Fei
Based on the EPACMTP model and health risk assessment model developed by US EPA, a new method was set up to assesse the health risk of groundwater in hazardous waste landfill disposal, and the effectiveness of this method was studied in hazardous waste landfill site and non hazardous waste landfill site that accepted the electroplating sludge. The new developed method was effective and less parameter was needed. The non-cancer effect risk produced by target contaminants (Ni, Mn, Cr6+) was 10.20×10-4 when the electroplating sludge was put into the hazardous waste landfill site, and the risk was 0.81×10-1 when the electroplating sludge was put into the non hazardous waste landfill site. However, the non-cancer effects risk (hazard index, HI) were largely below the value accepted from the US EPA. In terms of health risk on sensitive points, this electroplating sludge could be put into the non hazardous waste landfill site.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 548-552 [Abstract] ( 218 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 548KB] ( 1106 )
553 Effects of tetrachlorobiphenyl on the exogenous primordial germ cells in chick
ZHANG Yi-Xiang, JIN Xiu-Mei, LI Zan-Dong, LIU Li, CAI Ke-Jun, DING Zhi-Li
To study the effects of tetrachlorobiphenyl on the migration of the primordial germ cells (PGCs) multiplication with utilizing poultry embryonic primordial germ cell migration features, the donor PGCs isolated from the chick embryos at stage 14 were labelled with PKH26. The labelled PGCs were transplanted into the germinal crescents of recipient embryos treated with tetrachlorobiphenyl, which were then incubated. The labelled donor PGCs were detected at stages 13~15 and stages 27~29. The number of the exogenous PGCs decreased significantly at stages 13~15 and stages 27~29 compared with controls (P<0.01). Tetrachlorobiphenyl had significantly effect on the migration of exogenous PGCs, but estradiol had no effect. The result suggests that tetrachlorobiphenyl may have the impact of toxicity, rather than estrogen-like role.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 553-556 [Abstract] ( 217 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 286KB] ( 474 )
557 Application of negative input method to circular economy planning
XU Yi-Jian, ZHANG Tian-Zhu
Material metabolism planning model based on the framework of material flow analysis(MFA) and three dimensional physical input-output table(PIOT) is a powerful tool for circular economy planning. In the real economic system, the problem of products measured in different units in a same industry causes great trouble to build the material metabolism planning model. Negative input method was used to solve this problem. Firstly, the feasibility of the negative input method was discussed theoretically. Secondly, practical ways of using the negative input method to solve the above problem under the framework of three dimensional PIOT was afforded. Finally, the method was verified in the case study of circular economy planning in Yima City. The negative input method could also reflect the technical relationship between main products and byproducts in PIOT, while the shortcomings in monetary input-out table (MIOT) could be overcome in PIOT. In practice, the bias between the negative input amount calculated by the row model of input-output analysis and the real total demand should be treated properly. The relationship between the demand amount and supply amount of byproducts should also be handled properly. The case study showed that the method is feasible and practicable.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 557-564 [Abstract] ( 229 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 476KB] ( 593 )
565 Analysis of environmental efficiencies and their changes in China based on DEA theory
WANG Jun-Neng, XU Zhen-Cheng, HU Xi-Bang, PENG Xiao-Chun, ZHOU Yang
Environmental efficiencies of 31 provinces and their changes in China were evaluated with data envelopment analysis (DEA). Tobit regression model was also introduced to analyze the factors influencing the efficiency in the second stage. Environmental efficiencies in China were not optimistic, but had a significant progress from 2003 to 2007. Secondly, all provinces in China could be divided into ecological balance region, optimized development region and intensive development region, in terms of the coordination degree between environment and economy. Furthermore, there were significant positive relationship between GDP per capita, tertiary industry proportion and environmental efficiency but negative relationship (not very significant) between urbanization rate, energy intensity per GDP and environmental efficiency.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 565-570 [Abstract] ( 282 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 486KB] ( 2268 )
571 Evolvement of the relationship between environmental pollution accident and economic growth in China
YANG Jie, BI Jun, ZHANG Hai-Yan, LI Feng-Ying, ZHOU Jing-Bo, LIU Bei-Bei
The econometric model between economic growth and environmental pollution accident in China was established to identify the phase of environmental safety and its trend, based on the time series data from 1992 to 2006. The results showed that the relationship between environmental pollution accident and economic growth shaped as an inverted-N curve of EKC in China. Frequencies of environmental pollution accidents, water pollution accidents and air pollution accidents would first decline, and increase, and then decline, with the rapid increase of GDP per capita. The trend could appear repeatedly. Different from that of emissions discharge, the occurrence of pollution accidents is not inevitable during the process of economic development, but of high uncertainty and large damage. Thus, effective policies and advanced technologies are suggested to reduce the environmental pollution accidents.
2010 Vol. 30 (4): 571-576 [Abstract] ( 280 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 470KB] ( 1703 )
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