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2010 Vol.30 Issue.5,Published 2010-05-20
577 The retrieval of aerosol optical thickness with high spatial resolution using MODIS data over Guangzhou
XIAO Zhong-Yong, JIANG Hong, CHEN Jian, ZHANG Xiu-Ying, PENG Shao-Lin
The aerosol optical thickness (AOT) with high-resolution over Guangzhou was retrieved using the MODIS L1B data and the aerosol retrieval algorithm (V5.2) developed by NASA. The retrieval AOTs were validated by the ground-based measured AOTs derived from sun photometer (CE-318). This exercise indicated that it was reasonable to use MODIS L1B data for retrieval of high resolution AOT in regional scale. The AOT characteristics of spatial and temporal variation over Guangzhou were analyzed based on the retrieval results during winter of 2008~2009. The mean AOT was about 0.65 in December 2008, and then was increasing with temporal evolution, and the mean value was about 1.35 in February 2009. The value of AOT presented different spatial distribution pattern over Guangzhou, the higher value appeared in northeast region, the lower appeared in southwest and it was associated closely with forest area.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 577-584 [Abstract] ( 248 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 943KB] ( 2234 )
585 Analysis of a serious air pollution event resulting from crop residue burning over Nanjing and surrounding regions.
ZHU Bin, SU Ji-Feng, HAN Zhi-Wei, YIN Cong, WANG Ti-Jian
During the time period between Oct.28 to Oct.29, 2008, a serious air pollution event took place in Nanjing and surrounding regions, accompanying with sharply increasing of PM10, CO and SO2 in the air. Satellite remote sensing data, surface meteorological observations, air pollution index and the NCEP reanalysis data were used to investigate the atmospheric conditions and planetary boundary layer (PBL) features. Air mass backward trajectory simulation method was employed to analyze the air pollutants sources and transport paths of this event. The results showed that the transport of gas pollutants releasing from crop residue burning in the central and north parts of Jiangsu Province, combining with unfavorable weather condition, which was the dominating reason of this air pollution episode. It was found there was a high-pressure system with relative uniform pressure pattern, weak vertical velocity, vorticity and divergence below 500hPa, which prevented atmospheric ventilation. The inversion temperature, low mixing height and topographical forcing winds in the PBL was also not favor for the air pollutants diffusion.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 585-592 [Abstract] ( 315 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 802KB] ( 1878 )
593 Observational study on the distribution of cloud condensation nuclei and its causes in drought region
YUE Yan-Yu, NIU Sheng-Jie, SANG Jian-Ren, 吕Jing-Jing
Using a droplet measurement technologies (DMT) cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) counter, distributions of CCN on the ground and in the air in Yanchi and Yinchuan of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were obtained. It was concluded that CCN had a distinctive diurnal cycle. The high concentration appears in the early morning and evening, affected by human activities. There was a positive correlation of CCN concentration with temperature during the day, and a negative correlation at the night. Heavy rainfall had a scavenging effect on CCN concentration, while dust aerosol did not increase CCN concentration effectively. With respect to other regions in North China, the CCN concentration in Yanchi was relatively low. With increasing supersaturation, more particles were activated. According to the expression N = CS k, the fitted spectra parameters in Yinchuan showed continental characteristic. In the air, CCN concentration decreased with height, especially in the cloud, which was due to scavenging while an inversion layer tended to increase CCN concentration.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 593-598 [Abstract] ( 263 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 753KB] ( 1283 )
599 Organochloride pesticides in the atmosphere in the Shijngshan District of Beijing
XU Dian-Dou, MA Ling-Ling, LI Shu-Zhen, XU Guo-Fei, CHEN Yang
The atmospheric organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the Shijingshan District of Beijing was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). It was found that the concentration of HCHs, p,p’- DDT, p,p￠-DDE, p,p￠-DDD, o,p￠-DDT, heptachlor, chlordane was 4344.4, 1000.2, 778.0, 213.4, 1319.3, 645.7 and 376.6 pg/m3 in the gas phase and was 37.3, 5.3, 0, 0.7, 15.8, 1.6, 0.6 pg/m3 in the particle phase, respectively. The OCPs were mostly existed in the gas phase. HCHs and DDTs were the most abundant compounds in the atmosphere which totally accounted for 87.2% in gas phase and 90.9% in the particle phase. The concentrations ratio of α-HCH/γ-HCH and p,p￠-DDE/p,p￠-DDT were <1.5 and <1.0, respectively, indicating some new input of γ-HCH and DDT in the Beijing area. Most of the atmospheric OCPs in Beijing air were from the historical usage. The application of dicofol is a possible new source of DDT in the environment.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 599-602 [Abstract] ( 260 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 299KB] ( 717 )
603 Health impact assessment of surface ozone pollution in Shanghai
CHEN Ren-Jie, CHEN Bing-Heng, HAN Hai-Dong
Based on the monitoring data of surface ozone in Shanghai in 2008, the daily maximum 8h(11:00~18:59)concentrations were averaged to represent the population-level ozone exposure level. All fixed residents living in Shanghai were the supposed affected population. In 2008, the annual average 8h maximum ozone concentration was 88μg/m3, and the ozone level in the central urban areas was lower than that in suburban areas (78μg/m3 versus 96μg/m3 respectively). It was estimated that 1892 (95% confidence intervals, 95%CI: 589~3540) premature deaths and 26049 (95%CI: 13371~38499) cases of hospital admission were attributable to surface ozone pollution in 2008 in Shanghai. The corresponding economic loss of ozone-related health impacts was roughly 3.24 (95%CI: 1.08~5.92) billion Yuan, 88.12% of which was due to premature deaths. Our analysis suggests that the surface ozone pollution has brought substantial health and economic loss to Shanghai residents.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 603-608 [Abstract] ( 251 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 368KB] ( 1899 )
609 Adsorption characteristics of ammonium ions by natural clinoptilolite powder
ZHANG Xin-Ying, WU Zhi-Chao, WANG Zhi-Wei, ZHOU Qi, YANG Dian-Hai
Natural clinoptilolite powder, with an average particle size of 30μm, was selected as experimental material. The adsorption characteristics of the clinoptilolite on NH4+ in solution were studied, with the monitoring of metal elements concentration in liquid-phase and solid-phase. The isothermal adsorption experiment, adsorption kinetics experiment were conducted. The results showed that the ammonium adsorption by the natural clinoptilolite was fitted well with Freundlich adsorption isotherm (R2=0.996) and the pseudo second-order kinetics (R2>0.99). The adsorption process was less favorable with the increase of initial NH4+ concentration. Na+, Ca2+ occupied the major part of the exchange amount in this process. Na+ was exchanged into liquid-phase first. Then exchange amount of Ca2+ increased gradually and exceeded Na+ finally. The exchange amount of Na+ and Ca2+ occupied 39%~60% and 35%~57% in the adsorption process, respectively. For the clinoptilolite with fine particle size, besides ion exchange, the contribution of physical adsorption should not be neglected in nitrogen removal process.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 609-614 [Abstract] ( 250 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 753KB] ( 1416 )
615 Principle and prediction for absorption of toluene by solubilization with Tween-20-containing micelle solutions.
LIU Lian, TIAN Sen-Lin, NING Ping
Nonionic surfactants mixed with cosurfactants were used to absorption of toluene, and the absorption capacity was predicted according to the apparent Henry’s law constants obtained by solubilization experiments. The results indicated that surfactant solutions could remarkable enhance touene solubility when the concentration of surfactants was above critical micelle concentration (CMC). The apparent toluene solubilities were proportional to Tween-20 concentration. The efficiency of cosurfactants to enhance toluene solubility followed the order: n-butylamine > butanol > butyric acid. The prediction of absorption capacity with apparent Henry’s law constant was practicable with average relative deviations of 7.34% and 8.85%.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 615-618 [Abstract] ( 329 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 419KB] ( 1224 )
619 Fractionation and characterization of dissolved organic matter derived from different organic material commonly applied in agriculture
ZHAN Xin-Hua, ZHOU Li-Xiang, LU Yan-Yu
Since environmental behavior and effect of dissolved organic matter depend mainly on its physicochemical properties, a series of physicochemical and spectroscopic experiments was employed to investigate fractionation and characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from pig manure, sewage sludge and green manure, commonly applied in agriculture. The contents of DOM were 122, 23793, 12904 and 380560 mg C/kg for paddy soil, sewage sludge, pig manure and green manure, respectively. On the basis of the content of high molecule fraction, the DOM could be arranged in the following order: paddy soil (51.08%)>pig manure (41.25%)>sewage sludge (23.33%)>green manure (7.36%). The tendency in content of polar fraction was reverse, i.e., paddy soil (10.71%)pig manure DOM(1.12)>sewage sludge DOM(1.11)>green manure DOM(0.98), and UV spectra of DOM further confirmed the order.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 619-624 [Abstract] ( 236 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 428KB] ( 642 )
625 Short-cut nitrification and denitrification in A2O process treating domestic wastewater
ZENG Wei, LI Lei, YANG Ying-Ying, ZHANG Yue, WANG Shu-Ying
At normal temperature, a lab-scale A2O process was operated for the treatment of domestic wastewater with low C/N ratios. Short-cut nitrification and denitrification was achieved by controlling low DO concentration of 0.3~0.5mg/L and higher internal recycle ratios to decrease the actual aerobic hydraulic retention time (HRT). The average nitrite accumulation rate reached about 90%. When the C/N ratio was 2.34, about 75.4% of TN could be removed in the short-cut nitrification A2O process. The effects of different carbon sources, nitrification types and DO levels on nitrogen removal efficiencies in the A2O process were also investigated. The experimental results showed that the short-cut nitrification at low DO concentrations had the same TN removal efficiency as the complete nitrification with the extra carbon sources. Moreover, the activated sludge settling characteristics did not deteriorate. Even when the seed sludge was bulking sludge, sludge settling and treatment performance was improved under low DO conditions (0.3~0.5mg/L).
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 625-632 [Abstract] ( 298 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 817KB] ( 1150 )
633 Long term performance of pilot-scale vertical flow constructed wetland using different substrates
WU Jun-Mei, WANG Rong, XU Dong, ZHANG Xiang-Ling, HE Feng, WU Zhen-Bin
In order to investigate the long-term performance of pilot-scale vertical-flow constructed wetland (CW), different substrates, including zeolite, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, gravel, blast furnace steel slag and bio-ceramic were used. Column experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, and their purification performance at a high hydraulic loading rate of 2400~3400 mm/d was assessed. The whole experiment lasted for 25 months. With the operation of the systems, COD removal rates by all the substrates increased gradually in varying degrees; nitrogen removal by zeolite maintained at a high and stable efficiency, among which the removal rates of total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) were up to 82.03% and 91.32%, respectively. The removal rates of total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) by steel slag reached 89.61% and 96.77%, respectively. Removal efficiency of phosphorus by anthracite was lower than that by steel slag during the second stage, whereas no significant differences between them during the following stages. Proper selection of long-term high-efficiency substrates (e.g., zeolite, anthracite and bio-ceramic) based on the characteristic of wastewater was a guarantee of better performance at a high hydraulic loading rate.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 633-638 [Abstract] ( 243 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 572KB] ( 914 )
639 Study on the water quality model in wastewater reuse system
YIN Jun, WU Xiao-Yan
When the removal efficiency(E) was fixed in sewage treatment facilities, the mathematic relations between water quality and cycle index were calculated based upon the theoretical analysis to partial treated wastewater reuse system and all treated wastewater reuse system under their stable state. Water quality was related to every parameter in those imitated system, and the expression of the water quality at endless loop was gained too, the end part was the analysis for the changing parameter.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 639-643 [Abstract] ( 208 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 685KB] ( 509 )
644 Adsorption and kinetics of ammonia-nitrogen from leachate onto fly ash
ZENG Zheng-Zhong, WANG Jian-Bo, GUO Hao-Lei, PAN Yu, 南Zhong-Ren
To effectively improve the C/N and increase the biodegradability of the landfill leachate, fly ash was chosen as sorbent to treating ammonia-nitrogen in leachate. The effect of dosage, temperature and pH on adsorption of NH3-N onto fly ash were separately studied, kinetics analysis was used for the adsorption process in the optimum adsorption conditions. Experiment results showed that fly ash had the better adsorption ability of treating ammonia-nitrogen in leachate, the adsorption equilibrium time was 180min, then the removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen was 63.44%, the equilibrium adsorption capacity was 8.7428mg/g. Linearizations of the different kinetic equations showed that adsorption process in line with the pseudo-secondary kinetic equation; Moving boundary model analysis showed that the adsorption rate of ammonia-nitrogen was mainly governed by liquid film diffusion; With the linearization of Dünwald-Wagner formula, estimated the effective diffusion coefficient(Dc) was 3.058×10-9cm2/s.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 644-649 [Abstract] ( 247 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 525KB] ( 994 )
650 Methane production in anaerobic digestion of paper mill sludge by alkali/biological pretreatment
LIN Yun-Qin, WANG De-Han, WU Shao-Quan, WANG Li-Shan, LIN Zhao-Hong
Methane production in anaerobic digestion (AD) of the paper mill sludge (PS) and monosodium glutamate waste liquor (MGWL) after PS was pretreated with alkaline (i.e., NaOH) and biological methods (i.e., mushroom compost and cellulase) was studied. Most of the macromolecules of PS were degraded into monomers (proteins and carbohydrates) which would be easier to be decomposed by microorganism to increase the methane yield in the stage of AD. The details of the change were shown as follows: after pretreatment, PS particles in structure became more compact; the porosity of particle reduced; the crude fiber was obviously degraded into small units; the increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in PS from 35.5% to 1130% was noticed; volatile suspended solids (VSS) decreased slightly (6%~19%); sludge setting ration (SV) and NH3-N concentrations increased by 32%~192% and 36%~62.4%, respectively. Moreover, the changes of PS pretreated with alkaline were greater than those with biological methods. Additionally, the methane production in AD was 0.32m3 CH4/kg VS and 0.23 m3 CH4/kg VS after NaOH and biological pretreatment, respectively, which was enhanced by 54%~88% and 12%~34% compared with control. These two pretreatments showed promising results, and more research would be carried out.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 650-657 [Abstract] ( 205 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1626KB] ( 984 )
658 Recycling process and metabolic rule of electronic waste
CHENG Gui-Shi, LI Jin-Hui, LIU Li-Li
Recycling processes of waste printed circuit board (PCB) and waste cathode ray tube (CRT) were selected as research projects. The material and energy conversion model of electronic waste recycling process was established; the material flow, energy flow, waste flow and the pollutant release and transfer were analyzed; the material, energy conversion list was calculated. The energy consumption of sorting reached to 100kW×h/t, and the dismantling and the hot pressing of non-metallic materials were the key links of the emission of pollutants in the recycling process of waste printed circuit board. Energy consumption in the reuse of panel glass and funnel glass were higher than other stages, the energy consumption of preparing foam glass and smelting lead were 600 and 250kW×h/t repectively, the crushing, grinding and the smelting of lead from funnel glass were key links of the emission of pollutants in the recycling process of cathode ray tube.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 658-665 [Abstract] ( 254 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 547KB] ( 862 )
666 Occurrence of heavy metals in surface sediments from estuaries in Bohai bay and their ecological risk assessment.
AN Li-Hui, ZHENG Bing-Hui, ZHANG Lei, JIA Ning, QIN Yan-Wen, ZHAO Xing-Ru, JIA Jing
Heavy metals contamination in sediments affects marine ecosystems adversely. The present study analyzed As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn ions in surface sediments and wildfish collected from estuary of Dashentang, Gaoshaling, Haihe, Ziyahe and Nanpaihe in Bohai bay were analyzed. Of six heavy metals, concentration of Zn was the highest (81.55mg/kg), and that of Cd was the lowest (0.28 ± 0.08 mg/kg), and the same trend was also found in the muscle of wildfish where Zn was the highest (96.75±30.98 mg/kg), and Cd was not detectable. The ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments using potential ecological index (RI) was estimated and the RI decreased in the order of Haihe>Ziyahe>Nanpaihe>Dashentang> Gaoshaling. Moreover, the metallothionein concentrations in wildfish from Ziyahe expect for Haihe were the highest, which was consistent to the RI in sediments.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 666-670 [Abstract] ( 244 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 354KB] ( 941 )
671 Effect of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) on the microbial diversity in shallow aquifer sediment
WU Qiong, LIU Hui, ZHANG Dan, SHI Xia-Zhen
Impact of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, on microbial community diversities and activities in shallow aquifer sediments in Jianghan plain were investigated in batch cultures via BIOLOGECO microplates. Sediments were amended with different concentrations of DBP varied from 0 to 796mg/kg and incubated under a condition of hypothermia-hypoxia which was commonly found in subsurface aquifer. Average well colour development (AWCD) was measured with mircosation biolog periodically. It was observed that the microbial populations and activities varied with DBP concentrations. With the variation of DBP concentrations no obvious difference was detected among the richness (R) and Shannon’s index (H), while remarkable differences was found among the Simpson’s indices and McIntosh’s indices of the control and sediments amended with DBP (P<0.05). The microbial activity which might potentially related to DBP degradation was enhanced by DBP with low concentration (<400mg/kg). However, with higher concentrations, (3796mg/kg), DBP grossly inhibited microbial growth and metabolism as manifested by the reduction in microbial count, and destabilized the natural balance of microbial communities.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 671-676 [Abstract] ( 256 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 426KB] ( 604 )
677 Analysing developing trend of chlorophyll-a concentration in Chaohu Lake based on TM/ETM+ image
XIE Jie, WANG Xin-Yuan, ZHANG Jie, LI Wei
6 periods remote sensing data from 1995~2007 of Chaohu area were processed. The method of many dark pixels was adopted to carry out atmospheric modification and the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) was adopted to get the information of water. On this basis, the information of chlorophyll-a relative concentration in Chaohu Lake was extracted by the model of (TM2+TM4-TM3)/ln[TM3]. The area of high concentration was mainly distributed in the western of Chaohu Lake; The water quality of Nanfei River contributed more to algae bloom in Chaohu Lake; The area of high concentration increased by 1.82-fold from 1995 to 2006 and had tendency of expanding to the east of Chaohu Lake, with the degree of eutrophication still aggravating.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 677-682 [Abstract] ( 243 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1080KB] ( 750 )
683 Adsorption of ammonia nitrogen from aqueous solution by Boston ivy stem powder
LIU Hai-Wei, LIU Yun, WANG Hai-Yun, DONG Yuan-Hua
Batch experiments were carried out to study adsorption characteristics of ammonia from aqueous solution onto Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata Planch) stem powder. Effect of pH, initial ammonia concentration, contact time and temperature on adsorption of ammonium were investigated as well. The results showed that the ammonia adsorption capacity of Boston ivy stem powder could be comparable to those of minerals. The optimum pH range for ammonia adsorption was 5~9. The adsorption reached equilibrium at about 18 h, and the rate-controlling steps were film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacities was 3.18, 4.69 and 5.19 mg/g at 15, 25 and 35°C respectively. Thermodynamic study proved that the adsorption process was a spontaneously endothermic process, and implied that ammonia adsorption by Boston ivy stem powder might be physisorption. Therefore, the Boston ivy stem could be a considerable raw material to develop the ammonia adsorbent.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 683-688 [Abstract] ( 211 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 453KB] ( 670 )
689 Experimental study of urease activity in marine microalgae
XU Ning, SUN Shu-Gang, DUAN Shun-Shan, LI Ai-Fen, ZHANG Cheng-Wu
Assay optimization of urease activity in marine microalgae was studied in laboratory for further understanding the uptake and utilization mechanism of marine microalgae for urea and revealing effect of the increase of urea concentration for community succession of phytoplankton and its potential contribution to the formation of HABs in coastal waters. Based on Peers’ method, effect of inactivation time, pH value of the extract, incubation temperature and growth phase of microalgae on urease activity in a representative HABs species Prorocentrum donghaiense isolated from East China Sea were discussed. The results showed that inactivation time, pH value of the extract, incubation temperature and growth phase of microalgae all significantly influenced urease activity in microalgae. The optimum conditions for detecting urease activity in microalgae were: inactivation time > 2min under 100℃, pH of extract 7.9, incubation temperature consistent with the growth temperature of the microalgae, urease activity in microalgae higher during early exponential phase and stabilized after stationary phase.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 689-693 [Abstract] ( 262 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 319KB] ( 1026 )
694 Influencing factor for the biodegradation of polyhalogenated biphenyls by Rhodococcus sp. R04
YANG Xiu-Qing, ZHENG Yuan, LI Peng-Li, WANG Jing-Ren
Three influencing factors, including different substituted elements, numbers and position of substituted elements were investigated to correlate structural features to degradation of polyhalogenated biphenyls by Rhodococcus sp. R04. For mono-substituents, degradation preference of R. sp. R04 were in the order 4-FB>4-CB34-MB>4-BrB. When the substituted elements were same, degradation rates of halogenated biphenyls reduced as halogen substitution increased. The strain was relatively insensitive to the halogen substitution pattern on the biphenyl ring, when halogenated biphenyls containing the same halogen substitution and numbers, the effect of the position of substituted halogen on the degradation of polyhalogenated biphenyls was great, especially 2,6-CB, which intensively showed striking resistance to degradation, eventually led to the reduction of degradation rates.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 694-698 [Abstract] ( 232 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 331KB] ( 540 )
699 Effect of dioxin-like PCBs on physiological activities of earthworms (Eisenia fetida)
BU Yuan-Qing, LUO Yong-Ming, DAN Zheng-Jun, TENG Ying, LI Zhen-Gao
Using artificial soil test, physiological activities in earthworms (Eisenia foetida), which included superoxide dismutase (SOD, Cu-Zn SOD), catalase (CAT) and gulathione-S-transferase (GST), and other biochemical activities, such as GSH and MDA, exposed to dioxin-like PCBs at the levels of 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000μg/kg, were observed after 2, 7, 14 and 28d exposure. Dioxin-like PCBs could significantly increase SOD, Cu-Zn SOD, CAT, GST activities and GSH and MDA levels (P<0.05), and induce starting of antioxidant systems in the earthworms. The relationships results showed that the best response times of various physiological activities in earthworms to dioxin-like PCBs were different. The best response time of Cu-Zn SOD activities was 7 days, whereas that of GST activities was 28 days. The best response times of others physiological activities were all 14 days. During the best response times, there were significantly dose-response relationships between the dioxin-like concentrations logarithms and physiological activities logarithms (P<0.001).
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 699-704 [Abstract] ( 230 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 396KB] ( 604 )
705 Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on antioxidant enzyme system of zebrafish embryos
TIAN Wen-Jing, BAI Wei, ZHAO Chun-Lu, ZHANG Zhi-Yong, CUI Jun-An, HE Xiao, MA Yu-Hui, ZHAO Yu-Liang
The toxicity effects of nano-ZnO suspension on antioxidant enzyme system of zebrafish embryos were investigated for evaluating its potential ecotoxicity. Exposure to nano-ZnO suspension led to the decrease in glutathione (GSH) content, the inhibition in catalase (CAT) and superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activity, and the increase in MDA level of zebrafish embryo.The result demonstrates that oxidative stress was one of the mechanisms of nano-ZnO ecotoxicity.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 705-709 [Abstract] ( 332 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 378KB] ( 1022 )
710 The toxic effect of three allelochemicals on natural algal assemblage and Moina macrocopa
ZHENG Chun-Yan, ZHANG Zhe, HU Wei, XU Wen-Wu, WANG Hao-Fen, ZHANG Ting-Ting
To safely and effectively apply fatty acids and phenolic acids to control and prevent water-bloom, the article studied the toxicity of linoleic acid, salicylic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid on natural algal assemblage of pond water and zooplankton Moina macrocopa. The results showed that linoleic acid had the strongest toxicity, while salicylic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid had moderate toxicity on the natural algal assemblage of pond water, when the concentration of linoleic acid was 0.3mg/L, the biggest inhibitory ratio was up to 87.6%. The collective activity of a mixture of two allelochemicals were also examined and the synergistic growth inhibition on the natural algal assemblage were proved, in which the mixture of linoleic acid and salicylic acid had stronger toxicity. The three allelochemicals to some extent also showed toxicity on Moina macrocopa, but linoleic acid had stronger toxicity, while salicylic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid had lower toxicity on Moina macrocopa, the EC50s of the three allelochemicals on Moina macrocopa was far higher than the EC50s on the natural algal assemblage, which indicated that there exists great potential for using the three allelochemicals, especially linoleic acid, to be developed biological algicide agent while no evident toxicity on environment within the concentrations of controling the growth of water-bloom algae.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 710-715 [Abstract] ( 251 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 455KB] ( 805 )
716 Importance assessment of ecological land protection in Jiangxi Province
LIU Xin, GU Yu, DENG Hong-Bing
Combining the numerical analysis method and the ecosystem services function theory, an assessment system for ecological land protection was established . Five dimensions of characteristics were selected, including eco-environmental quality, ecological sensitivity, climate condition, soil condition, and geomorphology. The ecological land was classified into three sub-categories: land of forbidden development, land of restricted development, and land of optimized development. Based on the importance assessment system for ecological land protection, GIS technique was adopted to analyze the importance and spatial distribution of ecological land in Jiangxi Province. Area of ecological land was 17223.5km2, accounting for 50.3% of the total land area. The percentage of ecological land that should be prohibited for any development activity added up to 10.3%. Among all the 11 major cities in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City had the greatest (35.8%) percentage of ecological land that should be prohibited for any development activity. In Poyang Lake region, the percentage of ecological land that should be prohibited for any development activity was 17.0%.
2010 Vol. 30 (5): 716-720 [Abstract] ( 301 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 621KB] ( 1390 )
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