CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
 
 
CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
　　　　　　　　    More    
Online Submission
Manuscript Tracking
Peer Review
Editor Work
Office Work
Editor-in-chief
Forthcoming Articles
Current Issue
Archive
Advanced Search
Read Articles
Download Articles
Instruction
Template
Copyright Agreement
More   
  Current Issue
 
2012 Vol.32 Issue.7,Published 2012-07-20
1153 Impact of urbanization on meteorological factors in Pearl River Delta
ZHOU Jun-Fang, FAN Shao-Jia, LI Hao-Wen, FAN Qi
Impact of different urbanization stages (primitive, rapid and stable) on the temperature, wind speed and wind direction in the five rapid urbanization cities (Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Dongguan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen) of Pearl River Delta (PRD) was studied with the running mean and Mann-Kendall statistical significance test of 1973~2008 observations at five weather stations. It was found that the temperature changing rates were positively proportional to the urbanization increasing rates while both the changing rates of wind speed and the frequency of dominant wind direction were negatively proportional to the urbanization increasing rates. These results had been visualized as conceptual curves in the present paper.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1153-1158 [Abstract] ( 257 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 459KB] ( 822 )
1159 Compositions and sources of wintertime dicarboxylic acids in PM10 from Xi￠an
CHENG Chun-Lei, WANG Ge-Hui, LI Jian-Jun
In order to indentify the compositions and sources of organic aerosols in Xi￠an, PM10 samples were collected in the city from January to February, 2009, and characterized for dicarboxylic acids using GC-MS method. Total dicarboxylic acids were [(1597±725) ng/m3] with oxalic acid being the most abundant [(1162±570)ng/m3], followed by phthalic [(196±82)ng/m3], succinic [(98±71)ng/m3] and malonic acids [(58±45)ng/m3]. Dicarboxylic acids in Xi’an were 14%~350% higher than those in other Asian cities. The higher concentrations of diacids in the samples suggested that air pollution in Xi’an was serious and aerosol in the city was more aged. C3/C4, C6/C9 and Ph/C9 ratios indicated that diacids in Xi’an were mostly derived from photo-oxidation of organic precursors emitted from coal burning. Correlations among WSOC, OC, EC and SOC further showed that WSOC in the samples were largely produced by photo-oxidation. Higher temperature and humidity during the sampling period were favorable for the diacids formation, thus, diacids in the samples were still abundant after Spring Festival of 2009 when precursors from coal burning emissions decreased.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1159-1164 [Abstract] ( 215 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 394KB] ( 787 )
1165 Distribution characteristics of cloud particles and cloud condensation nuclei during haze/fog events in Shijiazhuang
SUN Xia, YIN Yan, HAN Yang, XIAO Hui, SUN Yu-Wen, LI Bao-Dong
Cloud droplets and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) over Shijiazhuang area, Northern China, were measured based on airborne instruments during May to October, 2009. The data obtained from 7 flights were used to analyze the characteristics of number concentration, liquid water content, the mean diameter and the effective diameter of cloud droplets, as well as the spatial, temporal and spectral distribution of CCN in stratocumulus and altocumulus clouds under foggy/hazy weather conditions. The results show that the number concentration of cloud droplets was in the 102 orders of magnitude high under foggy/hazy weather conditions, and that the sizes of cloud particles measured at higher levels were larger than that at lower levels. The mean values of the cloud water content calculated from the droplet size spectra were between 0.03 to 0.14g/m3, and the mean value of CCN concentration averaged between the surface and at 600m high was 3034cm-3 (for supersaturation of 0.3%). The size distribution of CCN was fitted with a power law function and was shown of continental type. The results also show that clouds had a scavenging effect on CCN, but the CCN concentration could be increased remarkably due to present of an inverse layer.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1165-1170 [Abstract] ( 283 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 575KB] ( 994 )
1171 Dynamic prediction mode of particle ground concentration in open-air coal yard
CONG Xiao-Chun, CHEN Zhi-Long, ZHU Xiao-Min
To investigate the particles diffusion caused by natural wind in open-air coal yard, the stochastic trajectory modeling was employed based on the dynamical computational method. The ground concentrations were calculated for the four kinds of coal powder named as crude coal, blocked coal, watered coal and refined coal. Afterwards, wind-tunnel experiment was conducted and comparison was made between the measured values and predicted ones. The results illustrated that the calculated error was limited within ±25%, especially, for crude coal powder the error range was 10%. Comparison with the dynamical mode, the Gauss mode predicted much larger values than the actual conditions for ground concentration where coal particle sources. By contrast, the dynamical mode focused on the particle travelling behaviors during the diffusion in the air, consequently, could accurately describe the coarse particle statement. For particles within Rosin-Rammler size distribution, the dynamical mode had good prediction.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1171-1176 [Abstract] ( 186 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 641KB] ( 583 )
1177 The analysis of the characterization of fine particle size distribution in urban area of Guangzhou
HUANG Zu-Zhao, WANG Jie, LIU Jian-Guo, GUI Hua-Qiao, WU De-Xia, LI Tie
Continuous online measurement of particle number size distribution in the range of 5nm~10μm were performed in Guangzhou from October to November, 2008 by using fine particle meter (FPM-I). Meanwhile, the visibility sensor, black carbon analyzer and meteorological data sensor had also been used. Particle size distribution analysis showed that number size distribution, surface size distribution and volume size distribution were all in two-peak pattern. The daily average concentration of nucleation mode (5~20nm) particles, aitken mode (20~100nm) particles, accumulation mode (100nm~1μm) particles were in the range of 1400~4300cm-3, 5000~12300cm-3 and 1600~2600cm-3, respectively. The comparison of data in sunny and haze days showed that the concentration of accumulation mode particles had a negative relationship with visibility, while those of nucleation mode and Aitken mode particles had slightly influence to it. The peaks of the black carbon mass concentration and the number concentration of Aitken mode particle appeared in the same position, which means that the concentration of Aitken mode particles to the black carbon mass concentration cannot be ignored.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1177-1181 [Abstract] ( 224 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 400KB] ( 1268 )
1182 A case-crossover analysis of air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Lanzhou
ZHENG Shan, WANG Min-Zhen, WANG Shi-Gong, TAO Yan, SHANG Ke-Zheng
To explore the acute effect of air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Lanzhou, unidirectional retrospective case-crossover design was used to analyze the relation of daily average concentration of air pollutants (PM10、SO2 and NO2) in short-time increased with the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases hospitalizations from 2001 to 2005. The results showed that the unidirectional case-crossover design with 1:2 matched pairs had the highest odds ratios between air pollutants and hospital admissions. After being adjusted for meteorological factors, an increase of 10μg/m3 in PM10 was significantly associated with 1.002(95%CI: 1.001~1.003) and 1.002(95%CI: 1.001~1.003) at 3 days lag increase respectively for total circulatory diseases (ICD10:I00~I99) and cardiovascular disease (ICD10:I00~I52); an increase of 10μg/m3 in SO2 was associated with 1.005(95%CI:1.000~1.009) for total circulatory diseases hospitalizations; a 10μg/m3 increment in NO2 was significantly associated with hospital admissions on value of ORs 1.022(95%CI:1.014~1.030) for the total circulatory diseases at 1day lag, 1.021(95%CI: 1.011~1.030) for cardiovascular disease at 2 days lag, 1.019(95%CI:1.005~1.033) for cerebrovascular diseases (ICD10: I60~I69) at 2 days lag respectively. In the multiple air pollutant models, an increase of 10μg/m3 in PM10 was also associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases hospitalizations, the OR values of NO2 were higher than the single pollutant models.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1182-1187 [Abstract] ( 233 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 288KB] ( 768 )
1188 Adsorption of aniline by oxygen plasma modified bamboo-based activated carbon
WU Guang-Qian, ZHANG Xin, HUI Hui, WAN Jing-Lin, DAI Yang, YAN Jie, ZHANG Qi-Sheng
Effects of oxygen plasma modification on the surface properties of bamboo-based activated carbon (BAC) were investigated. The adsorption behaviors of aniline on raw and modified BACs were also examined under various experimental conditions. It was observed that the surface textural properties of modified BACs were almost unaffected, whereas their surface chemical properties changed greatly. Batch experimental results showed that the aniline adsorption efficiency of all BACs reached their peak values at solution pH beyond 5.0, the adsorption equilibrium of aniline on all BACs could be reached within 480min. The modified BACs significantly outperformed raw BAC for the adsorption of aniline. The kinetic and equilibrium data of all BACs could be best described by the pseudo-second-order model, intra-particle diffusion model and Langmuir isothermal model. Further analysis indicated that the improvements of π-π dispersive interaction and hydrogen bond effect were the possible reasons for the better aniline adsorption performance of modified BACs.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1188-1195 [Abstract] ( 223 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 700KB] ( 888 )
1196 Advanced treatment of the semi-coking wastewater by the combination of chemical pretreatment and biochemical treatment
LI De-Sheng, HUANG Li
Biodegradation of the semi-coking wastewater was improved by the combination of pretreatment technologies of the aeration ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis, the enhanced flocculation, and the catalyzed electro-oxidation through on-site pilot test. The feasibility of ensuring semi-coking wastewater to achieve wastewater discharge standards was studied through a combination of chemical pretreatment and biological treatment. The results show that COD was from 25000mg/L down to 10000mg/L, NH3-N was from 3000mg/L down to 1200mg/L, and the COD and NH3-N all reached 60% through the treatment of aeration ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis of 120 min with the adjustment pH value of about 3 of the raw water. Then, after adjustment of pH value to 8~9 for effluent of the aeration ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis, the removal rates of COD and NH3-N of the effluent of the enhanced coagulation all reached about 50% by dosing 200 mg/L of PAM and 4.5mg/L of PAM. Next, the effluent by the treatment of advanced oxidation reactor of catalyzed electro-oxidation of 120 min attained COD removal rate of up to 65% and NH3-N removal rate of 60%. Finally, the effluent by the treatment of biological contact oxidation of the anaerobic/aerobic reached COD<150mg/L and NH3-N<25mg/L. The results provide a theoretical basis for the treatment technology of the semi-coking wastewater.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1196-1202 [Abstract] ( 231 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 446KB] ( 791 )
1203 Biological phosphorus removal of domestic wastewater by single-stage oxic process
CHEN Hong-Bo, WANG Dong-Bo, LI Xiao-Ming, LUO Kun, YANG Qi, ZHONG Qiong
A sequencing batch reactor operated in single-stage oxic process was conducted to examine its feasibility and stability for the treatment of real domestic wastewater. And meanwhile, the system performance was compared with the traditional anaerobic/aerobic process. The laboratory results showed that 98.6% of the highest efficiency of phosphorus removal could be achieved in the single-stage oxic process when the TP concentration of the influent ranged from 2 to 10 mg/L, and simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus could be well realized during long-term operation, the average removal rates of NH4+-N, TN and COD were found to be higher than 92%, 87% and 90%, respectively. Although the two processes had the approximate phosphorus removal rate, the single-stage oxic process, in which without anaerobic phase, had an obvious economic advantage over anaerobic/aerobic process due to its lower running cost.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1203-1209 [Abstract] ( 237 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 581KB] ( 864 )
1210 Adsorption of zinc (Ⅱ) onto a novel cyclodextrin polymer
LI Ning, MEI Zheng
A novel crosslinked polymer containing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was synthesized. The polymer was characterized by element analysis, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Five possible complex mechanisms were mentioned. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were studied. The results showed that the equilibrium time was 300min, the optimal pH value was 5~6.5, and adsorption capacity was 0.78mmol/g. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo 2nd order model. Rate limiting step in the process of adsorption was particle diffusion. Equilibrium isotherm data were satisfactorily fitted by the Freundlich equation. At 288, 298, 303 and 308K, the ΔG value equaled to -2.139, -2.417, -2.188 and -2.218kJ/mol, respectively, thus the adsorption process was spontaneous.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1210-1215 [Abstract] ( 188 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 714KB] ( 549 )
1216 Pilot test on radius of influence for air sparging——taking a coking plant in Beijing as a case study
JIANG Lin, FAN Yan-Ling, ZHANG Dan, YAO Jue-Jun, ZHONG Mao-Sheng, LIU Hui
A pilot test scheme, which consists of 1 injection well, 3 groundwater monitoring wells and 5 soil gas monitoring wells, was designed and installed in a Beijing coke plant. Injection pressure and flow rate test, groundwater response test, dissolved oxygen test, helium tracing test and soil gas test were carried out for determining the optimum injection pressure and flow rate and radius of influence (ROI) of the air sparging system. The injection pressure and flow rate test shows that 0.03MPa, 23.2 m3/h are the optimum injection pressure and flow rate. Under the suggested optimum injection pressure and flow rate, water tables in groundwater monitoring well G3、G5、G8 rose up to 0.36、0.11、0.04m in 10、15、15min, respectively, and DO rose up to 7.35、2.47、0.74mg/L in 60、65、75min, respectively, suggesting that response was obvious in G3 and G5, not G8. The highest helium concentration was 83%、13%、41% in S2、S4、S5 at 10、7、6min, and none in S6; the oxygen concentration was 19.9%、19.6%、19.2%、19.0%、16.6% in S2、S3、S4、S5、S6, respectively, suggesting that injection air has relatively significant influence on S2-S5. The ROI in the test area is suggested to be 5m based on the comprehensive analysis of the above results.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1216-1222 [Abstract] ( 215 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 450KB] ( 1071 )
1223 Research on optimization for phosphorus removal with ferrous salt process
ZHANG Meng, QIU Lin, YU Xiao-Qing, ZHENG Ping
Response surface methodology (RSM) was conducted to study the effects of the key operation parameters combined or not on the performance of phosphorus removal with ferrous salt. The results showed that the effect of individual operation parameter on phosphorus removal was followed as the order of Fe(II)/P＞pH＞FMS(flash mixing speed). The combined effects of the operation parameters were negative and the effects decreased in turn of Fe(II)/P-FMS＞pH-FMS＞Fe(II)/P-pH. “Priority/Combination” model was proposed to optimize the phosphorus removal with ferrous salt based on the results. The optimal operation parameters were Fe(II)/P=3.32, pH=7.49, FMS=182r/min. The verification experiment with both synthetic and real wastewater showed that the model was valid and effective.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1223-1227 [Abstract] ( 245 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1018KB] ( 764 )
1228 Characterization of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus transportation in farmland runoff under heavy rain—take Laoshan Reservoir watershed as example
MA Dong, DU Zhi-Yong, WU Juan, CHAI Chao, SHI Yan-Xi
Runoff plots of five representative crops as corn, soybean, peanut, sweet potato, cucumber were established in watershed of Laoshan Reservoir. Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the runoff were observed under heavy rain or rainstorm in 2009~2010, and the basic characteristics of rainfall and the information of various types of crops were recorded. The results showed that the event mean concentrations (EMC) of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-H), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and dissolved phosphorus (DP) were significantly different across the five runoff plots. Crop types and fertilization conditions explained most of the difference. The dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the runoff plots of corn and cucumber were significantly higher than that of other crops, due to the higher amount of fertilization and the smaller leaf area index (LAI) of these two crops. There existed significant negative correlation between dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus losses and crops LAI (P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis between rainfall characteristics and nitrogen and phosphorus transport in the runoff plots showed that the transport load was positively correlated with rainfall and maximum rainfall intensity (P<0.01).
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1228-1233 [Abstract] ( 191 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 416KB] ( 704 )
1234 Characterization of polychlorinated biphenyls in summer precipitation and atmosphere in Shijingshan District, Beijing
YANG Guo-Sheng, MA Ling-Ling, XU Dian-Dou, LI Jie, GONG Cang, ZHANG Bo, CHEN Yang, CHAI Zhi-Fang
The hyphenated method of gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was applied to characterize PCBs in summer precipitation and atmosphere in Shijingshan District in Beijing, respectively. It was shown that PCBs in the dissolved phase was predominant in precipitation, accounting for 65.23%. Moreover, PCBs in the gaseous phase contributed as high as 67.70% in atmosphere. The washout ratios in particulate and gaseous phases were found to be comparable, with values of 6.00×104 and 5.37×104, respectively.The sum of eight dioxin-like PCBs TEQ concentrations in gaseous phase, particulate phase of atmosphere and rain were 0.36pg/m3, 0.02pg/m3and 0.29 ng/L. Total intake of the eight dioxin-like PCBs TEQ for adult from the air was estimated to be 0.08 pg/(kg·d), which exhibited lower exposure risk for human health in Shijingshan District in Beijing.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1234-1240 [Abstract] ( 261 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 420KB] ( 671 )
1241 Effects of amendments on the fraction transform of heavy metals in soil contaminated by copper and cadmium
LI Ping, WANG Xing-Xiang, LANG Man, ZHANG Tao-Lin
Limestone, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, silicon fertilizer, Chinese milk vetch, and pig manure, respectively, was added into Cu and Cd contaminated acidic paddy soil, then the incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the dynamics of heavy metal fractions after the application of amendments. The results showed that during the 120days, the soil pH was increased with incubation time, and decreased slowly after reaching a peak. Soil pH in treatments with these amendments was all higher than that of the control. However, soil pH was slightly decreased after peat application, as compared with the control. Concentrations of soil water soluble and exchangeable Cu and Cd were significantly decreased with the application of all amendments during the 120d incubation period, and the values decreased gradually to a minimum, then increased again. There were significant negative correlations between soil pH and concentrations of soil water soluble and exchangeable Cu and Cd. Application of amendments increased the concentrations of carbonate-bound, Fe-Mn oxides-bound, organic-bound, residual Cu and Cd by different levels. This implied that all these amendments could transform soil heavy metals from available fractions to potentially available or non-available fractions, and then remedied the heavy metals contaminated soils.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1241-1249 [Abstract] ( 216 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 484KB] ( 1580 )
1250 Distribution, source analysis and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in farmland soils in Huanghuai Plain
ZHOU Ling-Li, XUE 南Dong, LI Fa-Sheng, HAN Bao-Lu, CONG Xin, LI Hui-Ying, YAN Yun-Zhong
Levels, carcinogenic risks and sources of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in 227 surface farmland soil samples collected from Huanghuai Plain. The results showed that 15 PAHs (except for acenaphthylene) were generally detected, and the detection ratios ranged from 23.3% to 100%. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs (∑PAH15) varied from33.44 μg/kg to 1246 μg/kg, with a mean value of 152.4 ± 166.2μg/kg, while four and more rings PAHs were the majority dominant components of ∑PAH15. Compared with those in other regions around the world, there was a lower PAHs level in soils of Huanghuai Plain, but 16.7% soil samples exceeded the polluted level (200 μg/kg). According to PAHs toxic equivalent concentration (TEQBap), seven possible carcinogenic PAHs accounted for 98.27% of the total TEQBap, and Benzo (a) pyrene (Bap) had maximum potential carcinogenic risk in farmland soils of Huanghuai Plain. The PAHs isomer pair ratios and principal components analysis indicated that PAHs in Huanghuai Plain farmland soils mainly originated from combustion of gasoline, diesel, coal and straw. A correlation analysis showed that the total concentrations of PAHs and individual PAHs were significantly correlated with soil organic matter, which suggested that soil organic matter was an important factor influencing the distribution of PAHs in soil.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1250-1256 [Abstract] ( 227 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 484KB] ( 840 )
1257 Adsorption and desorption of three tetracycline antibiotics in petroleum-contaminated soils
BAO Yan-Yu, ZHOU Qi-Xing, BAO Yan-Jiao, LIU Yu-Xia, LI Wei-Ming, XIE Xiu-Jie
On the basis of the OECD Guideline 106, batch adsorption methods were employed to reveal the adsorption and desorption process of three tetracycline antibiotics in petroleum-contaminated soils. The Freundlich model was the best isotherm to describe all experimental data of adsorption and desorption (P tetracycline (2.975 and 2.771) > oxytetracycline (2.340 and 2.337). The dominant mechanism of three tetracycline antibiotics adsorption was physical adsorption in petroleum-contaminated soils. HI was in the order of oxytetracycline > tetracycline > chlortetracycline with significant difference (P<0.01). For same antibiotic, the petroleum-contaminated extent could not affect the adsorption and desorption of three antibiotics in soil. Thus soil pollution would be greatly increased and complicated with the antibiotic occurring in petroleum-contaminated soils.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1257-1262 [Abstract] ( 241 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 327KB] ( 851 )
1263 Removal efficiency of trichloroethylene from the contaminated sandy loam soil using sodium persulfate
CAI Xin-De, WU Jia-Yi, DU Wen-Ting, LI Rong-Fei, LI Shi-Yin, YANG Zi-Jiang
To investigate the removal efficiency of trichloroethylene (TCE) in sandy loam, the oxidant of sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) and activating agent of citrate acid (CA) chelated with ferrous iron (Fe Ⅱ) were wsed. The orthogonal test showed that the removal efficiency of TCE was over 93% with different TCE treatments under the optimized experimental condition consisting of 5 mmol/L of Na2S2O8, 2.5 mmol/L of Fe(Ⅱ) and 0.25 mmol/L CA with 30 min of reaction time. For soil with higher TCE level, sequential oxidation treatment could remove more contaminant. In addition, results from soil column experiments showed that: more than 88.9% of TCE was oxidized by Na2S2O8 after 7 d; and the removal rate of TCE was relevant to the way of Na2S2O8 addition which sequential addition could achieved the best efficiency.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1263-1267 [Abstract] ( 242 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 361KB] ( 1188 )
1268 Adsorption and desorption characteristics of sevin on activated carbon and plant ash
ZHOU Yan-Mei, ZHANG Qiong, WANG Dong-Sheng, XU Zhao-Yi
Surface characteristics and chemical compositions of activated carbon(AC), plant ash(PA) and sediment(S) were measured. Sorption isotherms, sorption and desorption kinetics of sevin on these 3 sorbents were examined, respectively. Batch experiments showed that the sorption mechanisms of carbonaceous sorbents containing similar chemical compositions and dissimilar pore configurations were different. AC having more mesoporous than PA exhibited complex adsorption process to sevin while PA showed near partition process. The sorption quantity of sevin on AC was significantly higher than on PA. The surface area normalized saturated capacities demonstrated that surface area was crucial factors determining sorption quantities of carbonaceous sorbents. The desorption quantity of sevin on AC was significantly less than the sorption quantity on AC, corresponding to sevin desorption quantity on PA, which was closed to the sorption capacity on PA. Both desorption kinetic data of AC and PA were well fitted by pseudo one-stape dynamics equation. It was indicating that the sevin molecules distributing onto the sorbent surface possibly released by partition model. The sorption capacities of sevin on sediment increased, but the desorption capacities decreased, after adding AC and PA, implying that both AC and PA could be used as sorbent amendments of contaminated sediment. But the sorption in complex sediment environment was not simple superimpose.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1268-1273 [Abstract] ( 210 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 408KB] ( 729 )
1274 Adsorption characteristics of lead (Pb2+) on goethite and humic acid complex colloid
LI Xue-Mei, XIAO Ping, JIANG Tao, WEI Shi-Qiang, LI Meng-Jie, LUO Chang
Through batch equilibrium experiment, the isothermal adsorption characteristics of divalent lead (Pb2+) on complex colloid of humic acid and goethite including the influences of pH, ion strengths (IS), temperature and the co-ion Cd2+ were all investigated. The results showed that under same conditions of IS and temperature, the maximum adsorption amount (Smax) and adsorption equilibrium constant (k) both increased with pH increasing, indicating that the increase of pH enhanced adsorption process. Meanwhile, the isotherm process was best fitted by Langmuir equation.While Pb2+ equilibrium concentration was 124.7mg/L, the increasing degree of adsorption was greatest, up to 35mg/g. In addition, for complex colloid, Elovich equation was best for fitting Pb2+ adsorption kinetic process, involving equilibrium adsorption rate increasing with pH increasing. At constant pH and IS, increasing temperature, Smax, k and absolute value of free energy change (ΔGo) all increasing, suggesting increasing temperature was liable to promote adsorption reaction. Furthermore, the adsorption of complex colloid for Pb2+ also increased with increasing IS while temperature and pH were same. However, while Cd2+ coexisted, the whole complex colloid showed a slight decreasing trend for Pb2+ adsorption. but the competitive effect of Cd2+ for Pb2+ adsorption was not significantly observed.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1274-1279 [Abstract] ( 224 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 405KB] ( 676 )
1280 Developmental impact of nano-tungsten carbide in zebrafish embryos
WANG Li-Feng, GUO Feng-Hua, YANG Zhuo
In order to evaluate the toxicity of nano-tungsten carbide (nano-WC) in aquatic system, zebrafish embryos were used. Results showed that the low concentration of nano-WC (<2g/L) had no significant impact on the development and function of zebrafish. Under the higher concentration of nano-WC (3g/L), 31% embryos developed abnormally, 33% embryos died and 36% embryos were totally normal. Results showed that 24h was the most susceptive period for zebrafish embryos exposed to nano-WC compared with that of 5h and 30h. Removal of the chorion before the exposure attenuated the adverse impact of nano-WC on zebrafish embryos.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1280-1283 [Abstract] ( 196 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 761KB] ( 909 )
1284 A novel detection method of microcystin of lake water by surface plasmon resonance technique
ZHOU Hong-Min, 欧Hui-Chao , REN Peng, ZHANG Hai-Yan, WANG Xiao-Ping, LUO Zhao-Feng
Amount of Microcystin-LR in water was rapidly and quantitatively detected by SPR (surface plasmon resonance) technique. After the MC-LR being immobilized on the surface of the chip, the stability of the chip was tested, and the standard curve was constructed by the principle of competitive immune inhibition. The results showed that the relative standard deviation of 50 cycles was 0.62%, which represented the stability of the immobilized chip. And the limited concentration of detection is arrived at 0.25ng/ml.. For its stability and sensitivity, the SPR detection method would be applied to assay of MC-LR in the water.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1284-1287 [Abstract] ( 197 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 369KB] ( 730 )
1288 The controlling of plants rebuild engineering on sediment resuspension and nutrient salts release in Fubao Bay of the Dianchi Lake
HU Xiao-Zhen, LIU Qian, LI Ying-Jie
In order to compare the effects of plants on controlling sediments pollution in Fubao Bay of the Dianchi Lake, suspended matter sedimentation was carried on into plant areas,including submerged plant and emerged plant, and no-plant area by using particulate trap. In the process of on-spot research ,suspended matter sedimentation fiux of different areas was analyzed, particulate resuspension flux of different aquatic plant reparation areas was compared. Sediment resuspended flux, nitrogen release and phosphorus release of aquatic plant reparation areas were estimated. It was found that suspended matter sedimentation flux of no-plant areas was obviously higher than aquatic plant reparation areas. Estimation results indicated that sediment resuspended flux, nitrogen release and phosphorus release of in-engineering was the percent of 15.71%、13.30% and12.44% to the same areas out-engineering during 97days. The more effects of reducing sediments resuspension was submerged plant.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1288-1292 [Abstract] ( 249 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 396KB] ( 526 )
1293 Community structures of denitrifying bacteria and methanotrophs in wetland soils of dry-up lake in the Inner Mongolia Plateau
BAI Yu-Tao, ZHOU Yu, ZHAO Ji
The method of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to study the community structures and diversities of denitrifying bacteria and aerobic methanotrophs by two key functional genes nosZ and pmoA in the wetland soils of dry-up lake in the Inner Mongolia Plateau. And the effects of soil factors on them were also evaluated, then the mechanism of microbiological communities in wetland soils response to the dry-up lake were discussed. The results showed that the diversity indices of denitrifying bacteria and aerobic methanotrophs were higher, and community structures appeared more complicated at the later dry-up plots. The opposite results were shown at the earlier dry-up plot and the adjacent steppe. Their similarity coefficients gradually declined from the middle of the lake to the adjacent steppe, indicating communities dynamic succession. During drying process, soil moisture and organic matter content had significant influence on both of them. In addition, high pH value and high NH4+-N had inhibitory effects on denitrifying bacteria and the aerobic methanotrophs, respectively. The microbial communities were under the stress of dry-up process, which led to more emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse-gas from wetland soils.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1293-1301 [Abstract] ( 346 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 496KB] ( 808 )
1302 Analysis of the vegetation cover chang and its relationship with factors in the Three-North Shelter Forest Program
WANG Qiang, ZHANG Bo, DAI Sheng-Pei, ZHANG Fang-Fang, ZHAO Yi-Fei, YIN Hai-Xia, HE Xu-Qiang
The Shelter Forest System Program (TNSEP) in Three-North Region of China is the largest ecological reforestation program in the world. The TNSFP vegetation research not only has important ecological environment meaning, but also attaches profound social and economic significance. Spatio-temporal variation of the vegetation coverage and its relationship with major climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) in TNSFP was explored by using GIMMS/NDVI dataset at 8km spatial resolution and climatic data during the period from 1982 to 2006. The results show that: 1) vegetation cover had an entirely rising trend during the past 25 years, the increasing rate of vegetation variation was slightly higher than reducing rate,Ⅰand Ⅳ NDVI increased most significantly P<0.001), while Ⅱ showed a slight downward trend. Moreover, the vegetation coverage of four construction regions has been improved in different degree. 2) Vegetation cover, temperature and precipitation overall were positively correlated on the study area. The temperature and vegetation cover was negatively correlated in 17.74% of the region, but 6.84% of the region was a positive correlation. The precipitation was negatively correlated with vegetation cover in 10.60% of the region while 19.53% of the region was a positive correlation. Vegetation associated with the precipitation was significantly larger than the area related to temperature, precipitation was the key to factor vegetation growth on the study area. 3)Inter-annual residuals of vegetation variation showed a significant positive correlation area which was greater than the area of a significant negative correlation area, and the role of human construction on vegetation was stronger than the destructive role. Therefore, the positive impact of TNSFP ecological construction was showing.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1302-1308 [Abstract] ( 282 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1009KB] ( 1943 )
1309 Concentration and characterization of PCDD/Fs emission from secondary lead and aluminum metallurgy plants
ZOU Chuan, HAN Jing-Lei, ZHANG Man-Wen, ZHANG Su-Kun, QING Xian, FU He-Qing
The concentration and characterization in stack gas and fly ash from two secondary aluminum metallurgy plants and one secondary lead metallurgy plant were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in stack gas released from the two secondary aluminum metallurgy plants were 2.14 and 0.88 ng TEQ/Nm3, respectively, the corresponding concentrations in fly ash were 33.90 and 0.77 ng TEQ/g, respectively. The PCDD/Fs concentrations of stack gas and fly ash from the secondary lead metallurgy plant was 0.037 ng TEQ/Nm3 and 0.014 ng TEQ/g, respectively. Although the homologue distributions of PCDD/Fs in stack gas from the two secondary aluminum metallurgy plants were different, they were similar in fly ash. The congener distributions of PCDD/Fs were quite different between secondary aluminum and lead metallurgy plants. Due to the ratio of total PCDF/PCDD was above one, de novo synthesis may be the main formation mechanism of PCDD/Fs emission from secondary lead and aluminum metallurgies.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1309-1313 [Abstract] ( 216 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 357KB] ( 683 )
1314 Leaching of Sn from SnAgCu solder in simulated soil solutions
GAO Yan-Fang, CHENG Cong-Qian, WANG Li-Hua, ZHAO Jie
Leaching behavior of Sn from Sn-3.5Ag-0.75Cu solder alloy and its joints with Cu substrate in three types of simulated soil solutions, namely NaCl, NaCl-Na2SO4 and NaCl-Na2SO4-Na2CO3 was investigated. It was found that serious leaching of Sn in the NaCl-Na2SO4-Na2CO3 solution was observed for the Sn-3.5Ag-0.75Cu solder, while for the Sn-3.5Ag-0.75Cu/Cu joint the largest leaching amount of Sn was realized in the NaCl solution. Thick and loosen corrosion products formed on the surface of solder and its joints where the leaching had severely occurred. From the XRD analysis, it revealed that the corrosion products were mainly composed of SnO, SnO2 and Sn4(OH)6Cl2. Based on the potentiodynamic polarization plots, it was proposed that the galvanic corrosion between solder alloy and Cu substrate was responsible for the leaching difference between solder and its joint.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1314-1318 [Abstract] ( 227 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 917KB] ( 769 )
1319 Variation of fluorescence spectrum of DOM and the behavior change of DOM complexed with Cu (Ⅱ) before and after vermicomposting of livestock excrement
ZHANG Zhi, ZHU Wei-Qin, DAN Jian-Li, HU An, WEI Jia-Jin
Livestock excrement amended with sawdusts was vermicomposted and investigated for alterations of molecular weight and fluorescence spectrum of dissolved organic matter (DOM) before and after vermicomposting. The results demonstrated after earthworm treatment, the molecular weight of DOM decreased in general, and its distribution range became larger while its molecular weight was still higher than the treatment without earthworm. The content as well as the scale of molecular structure aromatization of fulvic acid in DOM after vermicomposting was significantly increased. The analysis of fluorescence spectrum in terms of DOM complexed with Cu(Ⅱ)further revealed the effect that fluorescence quenching of Cu (Ⅱ) on DOM was remarkable, and DOM from vermicompost was more likely to complex with Cu (Ⅱ) and could lead to a shortening of its straight chain or the pyrolysis of aromatic group. Groups such as —OH and —NH2 in DOM engaged in the complexation with Cu (Ⅱ). Moreover, fulvic acid in DOM after vermicomposting was more conducive to the complexation with Cu (Ⅱ).
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1319-1325 [Abstract] ( 188 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 468KB] ( 596 )
1326 Demonstration study of co-processing of DDT in a preheater/precalciner cement kiln system
PENG Zheng, YU Li-Feng, DING Qiong, WANG Kai-Xiang, GAO Xin-Hua
Co-processing of DDT[2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane] via a modern preheater/precalciner kiln system was characterized. DDT contained waste was fed at the inlet of transition chamber with feeding rate of 1 t/h. Concentration of DDT and PCDD/Fs of flue gas in main stack under co-processing and blank operation was measured. Additionally, the raw meal, clinker and bag filter fly ash during the co-processing operation were sampled for analysis of DDT and PCDD/Fs. The destruction efficiency (DE), destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) for DDT were 99.99953% and 99.999982%, respectively, suggesting DDT was effectively destructed. The average PCDD/Fs concentration of flue gas was 0.014ng TEQ/Nm3, which was greatly lower than the national limit of 0.1ng-ITEQ/Nm3, furthermore, there was no significant change to the PCDD/Fs emission comparing with baseline. Under the co-processing of DDT condition, the PCDD/Fs emission factor for flue gas and clinker were respectively 0.0396μg/t and 0.220μg/t. The comparison of operational parameters and conventional pollutant concentration indicated there was no negative influence on the clinker production during DDT co-processing.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1326-1331 [Abstract] ( 211 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 546KB] ( 677 )
1332 Assessment on the efficiency of municipal solid waste management in cities of China based on DEA model
ZHOU Jing-Cheng, CHEN Hai-Bin
The data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was used in the overall analysis and evaluation of the efficiencies for municipal solid waste management system of 34 major cities in China. And correlation analysis of the efficiency with city’s GDP or population scale. At current stage, most cities’ solid waste management level reached at a preferable scale efficiency (mean 0.905), but need to further improve technical efficiency (mean 0.622). According to the geographical sorting, the efficiencies of municipal solid waste management (MSW) of these cities in South China, North China, East China were relatively more efficient, while Northeast, Southwest, Northwest and Central China city were relatively low. The average technical efficiency of MSW is 0.843 for the cities with the population scale of above 10 million, which was significantly higher than those cities with smaller population (<0.6). Therefore, to achieve the intensive development by optimizing resource allocation, improving techniques and increasing investment is an effective approach to improve solid waste management system.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1332-1338 [Abstract] ( 234 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 461KB] ( 925 )
1339 Evaluation of the coupling environmental-economic system in mining city—taking Tongling City for example
WANG Nai-Ju., ZHOU Tao-Fa
Based on the causes, characteristics and measures of vulnerability of environmental-economic system index of evaluation system for coupling degree was constructed in a mining city-Tongling. The model of evaluation system was constructed from the three-dimensional space and used the grey slope similarity incidence to evaluate the main coupling factors. The results showed that from 2002 to 2009, Tongling’s environmental-economic system went through the weak coupling degree to high coupling degree, and the coupling degree was increased. The main factors of the coupling environmental-economic system were economic growth and the improvement of environmental quality, and the main limiting factors were the slow development of tertiary industry, the environmental protection investment and insufficient management in solid waste.
2012 Vol. 32 (7): 1339-1344 [Abstract] ( 215 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 656KB] ( 755 )
中国环境科学
  News
More>>  
  下载中心
   Instruction
   Template
   Copyright Agreement
More>>  
  Links
   Ministry of Land and
　  Resources of the People,s
　  Republic of China
    CNKI
    WANFANG DATA
    CNPITC
More>>  
 
CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
Links： China Association for Science and Technology　Chinese Society For Environmental Sciences　CNKI　WANGFANG DATA
Copyright © 2010 Editorial By China Environmental Science　　Support by Beijing Magtech Co.ltd, E-mail:support@magtech.com.cn