Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae

关闭×

CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE

CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE

Current Issue

	2015 Vol.35 Issue.6,Published 2015-06-20

	1601	Numerical ozone forecasting over shanghai
		ZHOU Guang-Qiang, GENG Fu-Hai, XU Jian-Ming, XIE Ying, PENG Li, CHEN Min, TIE Xue-Xi
		A numerical chemical weather forecasting system was established and operationally implemented based on the WRF-Chem Model, an online coupled regional chemical transport model. Performance of the modeling system on daily maximum 1-hour and 8-hour ozone (1h and 8h O3) concentrations was evaluated between May 1st and September 30th, 2013. The results showed that the numerical forecasting has generally good performance. There is no substantial systematic bias in 1h and 8h O3 concentrations and correspondent IAQI in forecasts of 24h, 48h, and 72h. The correlation coefficients (R) are ~ 0.8, and the mean and median biases are around 1′10-9~2′10-9. The forecasted O3 attainment vs. pollution days as well as primary pollutants are also in good agreement with observations. The performance of 48h forecast is slightly better than that of 24h and 72h forecast, and these of the later two are generally close to each other. Meanwhile, further improvement is still needed. For example, model shows substantial biases in O3 concentrations or IAQI forecasts in some cases, and the accuracy of O3 IAQI level forecast is substantially lower than that of concentration and IAQI value forecast. In general, the numerical forecasting system shows relatively good performance in O3 forecasts during May to September, 2013, and it has the capability to support the air quality forecast over Shanghai.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1601-1609 [Abstract] ( 246 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1450KB] ( 1546 )

	1610	Particle size distribution and fractal dimension characteristics of urban road dust in four seasons in Beijing
		ZHOU Lian-Tong, DONG Li-Ming, ZHAO Yu, QIN Ze-Min
		Road dust samples were collected in 14 representative sampling zones stratified across core urban areas in Beijing. Three types of particles that included aggregated mineral matter, tire wear particles and spherical combustion products were detected with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDS). Bimodal patterns of grain size distributions were observed with Laser Granularity Analyzer. Results of the research showed that bimodal size distribution spectrum ranged from 256 to 303 μm and from 74 to 88 μm, respectively. The fractal dimensions of urban road dust ranged from 1.7533 to 2.3137. The mean particle sizes ranged from 188.08 to 200.20 μm. The poor sorting, the extremely positive skewness and the broad to very narrow kurtosis made urban road dust sand. Saltation and shorter distance suspension actually contribute significantly to the formation of the urban road dust, other transport ways, like long distance suspension, only did a few work. According to the research of road dust in the four seasons, the decreased order of them on mean particle size was spring, autumn, summer, and winter (the last two were similar). The decreased order of sorting coefficient was summer, which was closed to autumn, winter, and spring. When it comes to kurtosis, the decreased order was winter, autumn, summer, and spring, which was also near to summer. The differences of skewness can be ignored. Road dust in spring seemed to have the highest proportions of thoracic, as well as more inhalable and respirable particles, whose potential risk to health and environment should be aware of.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1610-1619 [Abstract] ( 222 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1670KB] ( 999 )

	1620	A preliminary study on the transport pathways of dust originating from playa of Chaiwopu Lake, arid northwest China
		GE Yong-Xiao, JI Li-Li-×A-Bu-Du-Wai-Li, MA Long, LIU Dong-Wei
		In order to understand the potential dust transport pathways and the spatiotemporally characteristics of dust at different heights, seasonal climatologies of air parcel trajectories from playa of Chaiwopu Lake was created using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) coupled with reanalysis meteorological data (2000~2013) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) . The results showed that spring has the largest potential diffusion range at each height, at which dust from Chaiwopu basin can potentially affect most parts of China, and some areas as far away as the Korean peninsula. Dust diffusion in summer has obvious height differentiation around 1000 meter; however that of winter is minimum. Dust diffusion range turned out changing seasonally at different height. Air parcel trajectories densities reduced with the increase of height in four seasons. The potential transport corridors of dust was southeast toward above 100m, while potential transport corridors turned to southwest below 100meter. Under favorable atmospheric conditions, dust originating from Chaiwopu Lake can affect regions many thousands of kilometers in a relatively short period of time. After settlement in the near source region, the dust mainly influences Urumqi and its surrounding areas, importantly accelerates the melting of snow and ice of Tianshan Mountains.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1620-1629 [Abstract] ( 202 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 4068KB] ( 459 )

	1630	Vertical characteristics of deposition fluxes of dust and heavy metals of Guiyang City
		ZHANG Shu-Ting, LI Xiao-Yan, CHEN Si-Min
		Dust was an important pathway of human heavy metal exposure. With the emergence of urban high-rise building, the vertical space of human daily life gradually extended upward. Dust and its heavy metal located on the windowsill and other platform at different height of the building was remarkable. In this study, dust deposition on the windowsill at different height (1th-8th floor) from three buildings in Guiyang city was collected and the deposition fluxes of dust and elements including Ca, Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn was analyzed. Further, the environmental risk due to heavy metals based on loadings per day was assessed by the single-factor contaminant index and Nemerow multi-factor index method. The results showed that: the deposition fluxes of dust decreased with the increases of the height of the ground. The content of elements showed small changes in dust at different height: the contents of Fe, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb increased with the height, while the contents of Cr and Zn in dust decreased with the height. In general, the element deposition fluxes decreased as the height of the ground increase, especially Ca, Cr and Zn. The risk assessment based on the deposition fluxes of heavy metals showed that the 1th-3th floor and 7th floor were in higher risk condition, while the 4th-6th floors were in lower risk condition, and Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn were the main risk elements.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1630-1637 [Abstract] ( 166 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 520KB] ( 561 )

	1638	Numerical simulation for critical porosity of porous fences used to shelter open storage piles
		PAN Wu-Xuan, HE Hong-Zhan, SONG Chong-Fang, LI Lin-Ping
		The flow field around the open storage piles behind a porous fence was numerically simulated by the software Fluent 6.3. The critical porosity was determined based on the datas obtained from the simulation of flow fields for the porous fence with different porosities and the shear stress distribution above the windward side, flat top surface and leeward side of the pile. As a result, the flow structures at high porosities (0.3,0.4,0.6) were similar to that of the unfenced condition. The air velocity was higher from the ground to the top of the windward surface and the velocities were all positive. At low porosities (0,0.2), however, the flow structure differed strongly with that of the high porosities. Large-scale vortices were formed between the fence and the storage pile, thus the velocity of the air above the windward was negative. For the fence with e=0, the height of vortex center was higher 3m than the height of the pile and for the fence with e=0.2, the vortex center located at the 2/3 height of the windward surface. In addition, the shear stress distribution was similar to that of the unfenced condition when the fence porosity was exceeded 0.3and the shear stress increased with the increasing porosities. For the e=0.2 porous fence, however, as the height of the pile increased, the shear stress increased, then decreased and the maximum shear stress was at the 3/5height of the pile. When the fence porosity was 0.25, both vortex and attached flow were formed above the windward surface and the shear stress of the pile was to be the least. Thus the porosity e=0.25 below or above which turbulence structures and the shear stress distributions differed strongly was determined to be the critical porosity in this study. The method studying aerodynamics microscopic characteristics around the piles provides a new idea for the porous fence investigation.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1638-1644 [Abstract] ( 174 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 574KB] ( 687 )

	1645	Pollution and potential health risk of heavy metals in deposited atmospheric dusts in Ebinur Basin, northwest China.
		ZHANG Zhao-Yong, JI Li-Li-·A-Bu-Du-Wai-Li, JIANG Feng-Qing
		In order to investigate the pollution situation and potential health risk of heavy metals in deposited dusts in the Ebinur Basin, which is a typical oasis experiencing rapid economic development in Xinjiang, northwest China, contents of heavy metals Zn, Cr, Hg, As, Pb, Cd, and Cu in deposited atmospheric dust samples were analyzed. Then by using enrichment factor (EF), Geo-accumulated index (Igeo), and health risk evaluation method to analysis, the results showed that the mean annual dust deposition amount was 298.23g/m2, the average monthly dust deposition amount was 24.85g/m2, and the dust deposition amount in winter season (2013-Aug-2014-Feb) was significantly higher than that in the summer season (2014-Mar-Aug). From the enrichment factor (EF) calculation, Cu, Cr, and As in the deposited atmospheric dusts in Ebinur Basin were mainly from a natural geological background, while Pb, Cd, and Hg were mainly influenced by the anthropogenic pollution.From the geo-accumulated index evaluation (Igeo), the non pollution levels for As, Cr, Cu, and Zn in every month accounted for the largest proportion, however the low pollution levels for Pb, Cd, and Hg were the most, and the moderate pollution levels also account for certain proportions. From the health risk assessment, the carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks of heavy metals in the atmosphere dusts were relatively low, and won't cause harm to human health in the basin.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1645-1653 [Abstract] ( 200 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 703KB] ( 525 )

	1654	Analysis on heavy air pollution in Beijing in early October, 2014
		WANG Zhan-Shan, LI Yun-Ting, SUN Feng, QIU Qi-Hong, ZHANG Da-Wei, JIANG Lei, ZHOU Yi-Ming, PAN Li-Bo
		A heavy air pollution process in Beijing on 7~11 October, 2014 was analyzed through vertical observation, ground-based observation and monitoring results of chemical components of PM2.5. The results showed that the surface-level backscatter density and extinction coefficient increased significantly during the heavy pollution, which suggested that air pollutants accumulated near the ground. Compared with the normal days, wind speed was weaker, and relative humidity was higher and surface pressure was lower during the heavy pollution. According to the trends of PM2.5 concentrations, this heavy pollution process was divided into four stages, including two-step type concentration climbing stages (P1and P2), high concentration maintenance stage (P3) and rapid cleanup stage (P4). Through analysis on ground-based observation, remote-sensing retrieval and chemical components of PM2.5, it could be concluded that regional transmission, including straw burning, was the main incentive of this heavy pollution. Regional transmission and accumulation of local pollutant emission maintained and aggravated the heavy pollution. Atmospheric oxidants OX showed significant positive correlation with concentrations of PM2.5 and secondary ions, which suggested that strong atmospheric oxidation promoted the increase of PM2.5 concentrations.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1654-1663 [Abstract] ( 212 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1441KB] ( 687 )

	1664	Boundary layer characteristics of typical haze process in the Pearl River Delta region
		LIU Jian, FAN Shao-Jia, WU Dui, WU Meng, LIAO Zhi-Heng, LI Hao-Wen
		A heavy haze weather occurred in Pearl River Delta (PRD) region during January 2014. Based on urban air quality data of Guangdong Province, hourly data of PM10, PM2.5 and visibility from China Meteorological Agency Panyu atmospheric composition station, wind data of 946 auto stations and Guangzhou station, data from the boundary layer observation experiment in Dongguan and Foshan during the winter of 2013, boundary layer characteristics of a typical haze process in PRD during 1~8 January 2014 had been researched. It was found that, continental cold high was the major weather system at this haze process. It caused stability weather which produced breeze or calm wind condition, lower boundary layer and inversion structure occurred in PRD. Air quality of major cities in PRD had different variations during 6th January, mainly due to the change in wind direction over the Pearl River Delta region. In the morning of 5th January, the Pearl River Delta region was prevailing with weak northerly winds, it caused the entire Pearl River Delta suffer with haze weather. While on the afternoon, the wind direction had been changed that the northerly winds turned to southerly winds, it improved the air quality over the southeastern Pearl River Delta region. However, air quality of the northern (inland) region deteriorated. Backward trajectory analysis found that all airflow with obviously sinking process, and the trajectory clusters that began at 20:00 5th January were come from the land surface, while the trajectory clusters that began at 20:00 6th January were come from the sea. These two kinds of trajectory clusters have different effects on air quality in the Pearl River Delta.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1664-1674 [Abstract] ( 234 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1933KB] ( 917 )

	1675	The research of water quality trend in the Miyun Reservoir from 1991 to 2011
		LI Dong-Qing, LIANG Ji, ZHANG Li-Yan, ZHAO Wen-Ji, GUO Xiao-Yu
		Multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze the temporal variations of water quality from 1991 to 2011 in the Miyun Reservoir. The dataset consisted of 17 variables monitored monthly at three sites. Clustering analysis showed that the water quality could be divided into three groups at interannual scale: IA Ⅰ(1991~1993, 1995), IAⅡ(1994,1996~2000,2002~2006), IAⅢ(2001, 2007~2011), and two groups at seasonal scale: non-flood season (November-December, January-April), flood season (May-October). Discriminant analysis (DA) was used to identify the primary parameters that resulted in the variation of water quality. Principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA) was used to extract the main sources/factors responsible for the pollution in IAⅠ, IAⅡ, IAⅢ. The results demonstrated that TN and TP exceeded national Ⅱ separately 0.96 times and 0.2 times. The high coefficient of variation for TP was attributed to the instability of wetland plants and human activities, and the great annual and seasonal variability resulted in the high coefficient of variation for NO3--N, the effective control of endogenous pollution such as conservation of water and soil, decreasing domestic wastewater and fertilize use and the countermand of cage culture improved water qualityduring 21 years, indicating the decreasing concentration of NO3--N; The seasonal variation of NO3--N took place in specific season. At interannual scale, water temperature increased with increasing air temperature; Dissolution of carbonate rock was accelerated due to increasing SO42- concentration affected by fertilizer use and industrial activities, which increased the concentrations of EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, T-Hard, T-Alk; The concentrations of BOD5 decreased due to the internal pollution. At seasonal scale, the concentration of Mg2+ was higher in non-flood season than in flood season because of the dissolution of carbonate rock. At interannual scale, the pollution sources for IAⅠ, IAⅡ, IAⅢ changed from a combined point and non-point pollution to primarily non-point pollution. The water quality was affected by the dissolution of carbonate rock in non-flood season and was impacted by the rainfall runoff in flood season. In the Miyun Reservoir, nitrogen pollution was predominantly derived from NO3--N. Enhancing the water circulation, decreasing non-point pollution (water and soil loss, fertilizer use and cage culture), and timely sediment dredging, can effectively decrease the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic and ionic pollutants.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1675-1685 [Abstract] ( 181 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 748KB] ( 796 )

	1686	Adsorption behavior of uranium by zeolite loaded with p-calix[4]arene acetate
		ZHANG Xiao-Feng, CHEN Di-Yun, PENG Yan, MO Yang-Zhi, HAO Jiao
		P-calix[4]arene acetate was synthetized by the main reaction substrates, p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene and ethylbromoacetate, subsequently loaded onto zeolite. Infrared spectra demonstrated that the synthetized compound had the structure characteristics of p-calix[4]arene acetate; Scanning electron microscope analysis indicated that p-calix[4]arene acetate was loaded on zeolite successfully, evenly and dispersedly. By the static experiments, the results showed that when the pH = 4, absorbent dosage was 0.5g, initial uranium concentration was 10mg/L, p-calix[4]arene acetate/zeolite = 0.025/1, and the reaction time was 30min, the adsorption efficiency of zeolite increased from about 30 % to 93 % after loadeding p-calix[4]arene acetate. Besides, the adsorption reactions of uranium by zeolite and zeolite loaded with p-calix [4]arene acetate (Referred to as the loaded zeolite) could be both described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the absorption rate of loaded zeolite was faster than that of zeolite. Moreover, both of the 2 absorption reactions followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, whereas the maximum adsorption amount inferred by Langmuir model ascended from 16.8919 to 32.5733mg/g, which was due to fact that zeolite had increased the absorption sites on its surface after loading p-calix[4]arene acetate. In addition, infrared spectra analyses before and after adsorbing uranium demonstrated that the loaded zeolite mainly depended on the strong complexion of p-calix[4]arene acetate and the sorption of Si-O and Al-O to remove uranium, and these 2kinds of functions affected synergistically to speed up the rate of adsorption and increase adsorption amount.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1686-1692 [Abstract] ( 144 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 794KB] ( 499 )

	1693	Biogeochemical Cr(VI) reduction in groundwater enhanced by emulsified vegetable oil
		SHENG He, YU Jin-Qiu, LIU Deng-Feng, DONG Jun
		Natural fine sands was used as simulated aquifer media and emulsified vegetable oil as electron donor in the experiments to investigate the process and mechanisms of the biogeochemical reduction of hexavalent chromium. The experimental results showed that the emulsified vegetable oil caused a slightly pH drop, and the final pH reached 6.59; a reductive condition could be maintained for a long term, and the final Eh declined to -158.6mV. Emulsified vegetable oil could accelerate the dissimilatory iron reduction process of intrinsic microorganism; the ferric in fine sand would be reduced to ferrous and hexavalent chromium removal coupled. The hexavalent chromium and total chromium was removed absolutely within 14 and 28 days, respectively. The accumulation of Fe (II) exert profound influence on the redox condition of the reaction system. The final Fe (II) concentration was up to 44.40mg/L, and 48.9% of emulsified vegetable oil was consumed at the end of experiment. Structural characteristics analysis of sands was studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS); the results showed that the trivalent chromium existed as the amorphous formation of Fe-Cr coprecipitation.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1693-1699 [Abstract] ( 216 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 487KB] ( 690 )

	1700	Enhanced delivery of nanoscale zero valent iron by foam in porous media
		SU Yan, ZHANG Wen-Jing, LIANG Xiu-Chun, QIN Chuan-Yu, LI Lu-Lu, ZHAO Yong-Sheng
		Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to investigate the sedimentation and delivery properties in the three vehicles, i.e. water, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution and SDS foam. Experimental results showed that the stability of NZVI in SDS solution was much greater than that in water; the optimum foam capability to carry NZVI and the uniformity of NZVI in foams were observed at 3000 r/min stirring speed; the presence of NZVI has slightly influence on foam stability. The maximum delivery distances for NZVI suspension, SDS-NZVI suspension and NZVI-laden foam were 0.8m, 7.9m, and 2.1m, respectively. Therefore, the transport of NZVI in porous media was enhanced apparently by SDS solution and SDS foam. The impact zones for SDS-NZVI suspension (33.5%) and NZVI-laden foams (42.5%) were icreased compared with the bare NZVI suspension (12.8%). Due to gravity, vertical transport of NZVI carried by SDS solution was prior to horizontal transport, and the horizontal delivery distance was limited; NZVI carried by SDS foam could transport in both horizontal and vertical directions, and the distribution of NZVI was more uniform. Additionally, compared with water and SDS solution, SDS foam was an ideal vehicle to deliver NZVI particles and had a promising application in contamination sites.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1700-1708 [Abstract] ( 168 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 859KB] ( 486 )

	1709	Risk evaluation of groundwater organic pollution by semi-quantified hazard
		YU Xi-Peng, SONG Mian, ZHANG Wen-Jing
		Based on the hydrogeological conditions and the organic pollution characteristics in this study area, DRSIC model has been established to classify the vulnerability of groundwater. According to this vulnerability results and hazard load conditions, organic pollution risk assessment model have been built and verified by the groundwater organic contamination situation. The weighting of all models was calculated by AHP (analytic hierarchy process). The assessment results indicated that the levels of organic pollution risk along Xihe River and Yangshi to Yuhong Area was higher than the other areas. The assessment results are well reflected organic pollution status in this study area.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1709-1718 [Abstract] ( 154 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1527KB] ( 755 )

	1719	Cumulative characteristics of runoff pollutants in typical domestic cities
		WANG Qian, ZHANG Qiong-Hua, WANG Xiao-Chang
		The rainfall runoff with 50% pollutant load was defined as initial rainwater, and the time (T50) accumulating 50% pollutant loading and corresponding runoff depth (D50) was selected to analyze the cumulative characteristics of pollutants during 17 rainfall events in typical domestic mountainous city, plain city, river city, etc. Taken mountainous and plain cities as examples, the cumulative characteristics of different types of pollutants in the runoff were discussed and the effects of rainfall intensity and its regional environment were studied. The results indicated that the accumulation of runoff pollutants had the same trend but exhibited different characteristics. It tended to accumulate at mid-stage in plain city while at initial stage in other cities. With rainfall intensity increased, the D50 of pollutants increased greatly while T50 declined sharply. Pollutants in mountainous city had a higher D50 and a lower T50 than that in plain city. It was suggested that mountainous cities and plain city intercepting 7.4mm and 5.2mm runoff respectively could control 50% pollutant load.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1719-1725 [Abstract] ( 161 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 709KB] ( 955 )

	1726	Fixed bed column study for the adsorption of crystal violet dye by aerobic granular sludge
		ZHANG Yan-Zhuo, LI Wen-Jing, LI Jun, BIAN Wei, LI Yun, CHEN Guang-Hui
		The high colority and hard to decolorization were the most important tasks on printing and dyeing waste water. The ability of inactivated aerobic granular sludge (AGS) to adsorb crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions using fixed bed column reactor were studied. Column adsorption studies were carried out at different bed heights, initial dye concentrations and flow rate. Column adsorption experimental data and corresponding parameters were obtained by Thomas model and bed depth service time (BDST) model. Results showed that as the height of adsorbent was increasing, breakthrough time and adsorption saturation time became longer. But when the initial dye concentrations and flow rate were increasing, breakthrough time and adsorption saturation time became shorter. Thomas model described column adsorption of CV kinetics well. When concentration of CV at 100mg/L, flow rate at 8.3mL/min and fixed bed height at 20cm, Thomas model showed good agreement with the experimental results (R2=0.9813). BDST model could predict breakthrough time accurately and average error were less than ten percent. Desorption of CV from AGS was using Ethyl alcohol absolute.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1726-1733 [Abstract] ( 128 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 562KB] ( 463 )

	1734	Preparation of iron (III) vanadate Fenton-like catalyst and its catalytic performance
		SUN Hao, WU Juan, MA Dong, SUN Yu-Ying, CUI Chun-Yue
		Iron (III) vanadate catalysts were prepared by a hydrothermal method under different acid-base. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The as-prepared samples were used as Fenton-like catalysts on the degradation of Rhodamine B (Rh B) which was used as a model pollutant. The effects of pH value, H2O2 concentration, iron (III) vanadate concentration and the type of iron (III) vanadate on the heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of Rh B were investigated. The XRD patterns indicate that Iron (III) vanadate samples were FeVO4·1.25 H2O. The decolorization rate of Rh B at 60 min could reach 97% at the optimal operating conditions. The range of pH values which the FeVO4·1.25 H2O was appropriate was found to be much wider than that of the classic Fenton's reagent. Moreover, FeVO4·1.25 H2O samples could be reutilized for the perfect settling performance. The Fenton-like catalysts may have a better prospect of application in wastewater treatment.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1734-1739 [Abstract] ( 166 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 516KB] ( 1219 )

	1740	Adsorption of Cr(VI) in the aqueous solution by rape straw shell powder.
		LIU Xin, LENG Yan-Bing, GU Shi-Yan, ZHANG Zun-Zhen
		Adsorption of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution by rape straw shell powder had been studied. The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, pH, absorbent dosage, and adsorption temperature on the adsorption of Cr(VI) ion by rape straw shell powder was investigated and optimized with the method of Box-Behnken Design. The models of isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics were employed to assess the efficiency and study mechanism of action on the removal Cr(VI) in the aqueous solution by rape straw shell powder. The changes in the functional groups of rape straw shell powder formulations were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectra. The optimal conditions for the removal of Cr(VI) were found to be initial Cr(VI) concentration of 99.15mg/L, pH 1.01, adsorbent dosage of 2.90g/L and adsorption temperature of 35.70℃ during 1440min of adsorption. Under these conditions, the percentage of removal of Cr(VI) reached 91.97%. The equilibrium data were optimally illustrated by the Freundlich isotherm model, which represents an optimal and heterogeneous adsorption; The results from thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature under experimental conditions. It was found that a pseudo-second order kinetic model was the proper approach for determining the adsorption kinetics and ion exchange. The functional groups of rape straw shell powder, O—H, C—H, NH3+, N—H and C—O played a major role in adsorption of Cr(VI). The results revealed that rape straw shell powder is an effective adsorbent for removing Cr(VI) in water due to its high adsorption capacity, and pH is the key factor for affecting the efficiency for the removal of Cr(VI).
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1740-1748 [Abstract] ( 165 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 892KB] ( 972 )

	1749	Optimization of sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process using response surface methodology for treating effluent from biological treatment of landfill leachate
		HE Yang-Yang, TANG Su-Qin, KANG Ting-Ting, WU Wei-Xiang, SUN Fa-Qian
		Generally the quality of the effluent from biological treatment of landfill leachate couldn’t meet the national discharge standard due to the relatively high concentrations of recalcitrant COD, NH4+-N and NO2--N. In this study, sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) was adopted for the advanced treatment of the effluent. Single factor and combined effects of pH, temperature (T) and sodium persulfate concentration (SPC) on SR-AOP in removing TOC and TN from the effluent were evaluated using response surface methodology. Results showed that each factor alone could significantly influence the TOC removal but not TN. The influential extent on the TOC removal was more significant with pH, followed by T and SPC. On the other hand, both TOC and TN removal rate could be significantly impacted by the combined effect. The order in TN removal efficiency was T+SPC>pH+SPC>T+pH, whereas that in TOC removal was T+pH>pH+SPC>T+SPC. The highest TOC and TN removal rate, 35.5% and 16.9%, respectively, was obtained under the optimal condition of 0.5g/L SPC and 3.8g/L FeSO4at pH 5and 30℃ for SR-AOP in treating biological effluent from landfill leachate. In addition, BOD5/COD ratio of the effluent could also be significantly improved after SR-AOP. These results indicated that SR-AOP could be an effective method for advanced treatment of the effluent derived from biological treatment of landfill leachate.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1749-1755 [Abstract] ( 171 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 535KB] ( 1041 )

	1756	Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from artificially synthesized domestic wastewater in an alternating A/O biological filter with steel slag media
		LIU Zhi, QIU Li-Ping, WANG Jia-Bin, ZHANG Shou-Bin, XIE Kang
		Under hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2h, A/O alternating interval of 48h, temperature of 23~27℃, dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) of 0.2~0.5mg/L in anaerobic stage and 3~5mg/L in aerobic stage, two steel slag media biological filters (SSMBFs) were carried out and operated in alternating anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) mode to investigate characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from artificially synthesized domestic wastewater with influent quality of pH 6.8~7.5, COD 260~330mg/L, NH4+-N 35~40mg/L and PO43--P 9~11mg/L. The results showed that the alternating A/O-SSMBFs performed a promising performance for wastewater treatment, as well as the NH4+-N, PO43--P and COD could be removed more than 95%, 40%~60% and 83.3% respectively, and the effluent concentrations of NH4+-N, PO43--P and COD decreased to 0.5mg/L, 3~6mg/L and 50mg/L respectively. It was also observed that the biological activity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and phosphorus accumulating bacteria (PAOs) could be recovered in 10 hours and 8 hours respectively, while the SSMBF alternating converted operational mode every 48h from anaerobic to aerobic or on the contrary. The SEM and EDS characterization of crystals formed on the media surface and analysis of pollution removal character revealed that the phosphorus in an alternating A/O-SSMBFs system could be removed by both biological oxidization and crystallization. Because the steel slag media could release alkalinity and ion as well as the PAOs could release phosphorus under the anaerobic environment, the phosphorus removal by crystallization had been enhanced in this system. The principal constituent of crystalline substance was hydroxyapatite.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1756-1762 [Abstract] ( 117 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 577KB] ( 541 )

	1763	Effect of acetate concentration on phosphate release during anaerobic fermentation of phosphorus-rich sludge
		CHEN Wen-Ling, WANG Ru-Yi, LI Yong-Mei
		Experiments were carried out to investigate phosphate release mechanism according to the variations of phosphate and related parameters during anaerobic fermentation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) sludge in the presence of different initial acetate concentrations. The results indicated that the initial acetate concentration did not significantly affect the maximum level of the released phosphate concentration. During the fermentation, (73.1±2.2) % of total phosphorus (TP) could be released in the form of phosphate into liquid phase, and it was mainly from the decomposition of polyphosphate. The decomposition pathways of polyphosphate include: 1) Anaerobic biological phosphorus release mechanism that polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) take up acetate and store it as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA); 2) direct decomposition of polyphosphate due to PAOs maintenance. When the initial acetate was insufficient, biological phosphorus release was limited and polyphosphate was decomposed in a relatively slow rate. When the acetate concentration increased, the biological phosphate release rate increased. Moreover, the increased content of PHA accelerated sludge hydrolysis and acidification. PO43--P and Mg2+ concentrations slightly decreased after their maximum levels were reached, because they were precipitated probably in the form of struvite. According to the above results, strategy for recovering phosphorus from phosphorus-rich sludge is proposed: adding some carbon source before sludge anaerobic digestion so as to recover phosphate from the separated supernatant within 24h of anaerobic fermentation. Thus, it can not only speed up and maximize phosphate release and minimize the block of pipes due to precipitation, but also avoid the inhibition of high phosphate concentration on anaerobic digestion.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1763-1770 [Abstract] ( 171 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 385KB] ( 567 )

	1771	Enhanced production of short-chain fatty acids from waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation: The effect of sa-linity
		XING Li-Qun, PENG Yong-Zhen, JIN Bao-Dan, HE Yue-Lan, ZENG Wei
		Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were used as high quality carbon source for biological denitrification and phosphorus removal process. In order to improve the SCFAs production of waste activated sludge (WAS) in alkaline fermentation system, the effect of salinity (0~25g/L) on the WAS alkaline fermentation (pH=10) was studied at 20℃ and 35℃,respectively. The results showed that adding appropriate sodium chloride (NaCl) enhanced the SCFAs production. The highest accumulation of SCFAs appeared at 15g/L NaCl and improved by 42.3% (20℃) and 15.0% (35℃) comparing with no NaCl addition. Further researches indicated that adding NaCl could increase the release of substrate (protein and polysaccharide) to produce more SCFAs, accompanied by the increase of C/N (SCFAs/NH4+-N). Therefore, the integrated control of salinity and pH could enhance the SCFAs generation from WAS fermentation and promote WAS reduction simultaneously.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1771-1779 [Abstract] ( 126 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 444KB] ( 444 )

	1780	Efficiencies and characteristics of self-forming dynamic membrane in separating fermented sludge for acid production
		MA Hui-Jun, HUANG Shuai, LIU He, CHEN Xing-Chun, LIU Hong-Bo, BAI Jie
		Self-forming dynamic membrane (SFDM) was used to separate the high-concentration redusidal sludge (belong to non-newtonian fluid) with fermented for the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The efficiencies of the retaining of substrates and selective transmission of the produced VFAs by SFDM were investigated. Characteristics of SFDM resistance and composition of the pollution layer were analyzed. Results indicated the suspend solid (SS) concentration in effluent of SFDM could be remained below 1.5g /L after operated for 3days, and the retention rates of polysaccharide and protein could reach about 40% and 75%, respectively. After operated for 5days, nutrients with large molecular could be retained and the retention rate of SCOD could stable at 45%. Moreover, the productd VFAs could be selectively discharged timely and the retention rate of VFAs were just about 3%. Resistance of SFDM was mainly from membrane surface, and the pollutants are primarily extracellular protein.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1780-1785 [Abstract] ( 120 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 459KB] ( 507 )

	1786	Effect of organic matter and calcium carbonate on behaviors of zinc adsorption-desorption on/from Ningxia farmland sierozem soils
		LI Hu, HE Jing, LIU Chong, WU Wen-Fei, YANG Chao, 南Zhong-Ren
		The laboratory batch experiments were conducted to studied the effect of organic matter and calcium carbonate on adsorption-desorption behaviors of zinc of sierozem soils in Ningxia farmland. The results showed that the adsorption capacity increased with increasing initial zinc concentrations in the sierozem. The adsorption capacity of zinc in soils removed calcium carbonate were lower than that with calcium. Organic matter had weaker effect on adsorption behaviors of zinc in sierozem soils than calcium carbonate. The adsorption process of zinc could be well described by Freundlich equation than Langmuir equation in different organic and carbonate content sierozem soil. The adjusted coefficient of determination R2' were greater than 0.90, reached a significant level (P<0.01). The desorption rates of zinc in the sierozem soil increased after removal of organic matter and calcium carbonate, and the desorption rate of soils removed calcium carbonate was slightly higher than the soils removed of organic matter. The sorption increased with the increasing adsorbance after removal of organic matter and calcium carbonate, and the sorption of the soils removed calcium carbonate was maximum, followed by the the soils removed organic matter, and the sorption of sierozem soils was minimum. The organic matter and calcium carbonate in soils could effectively reduce the migration activity of zinc for effect of complexation adsorption, leading to promoting the adsorption and inhibiting the desorption of zinc.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1786-1793 [Abstract] ( 165 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 470KB] ( 881 )

	1794	Microbial community of rural household biogas digesters in Qinghai by PCR-DGGE
		HAN Rui, CHEN Lai-Sheng, LI Li, LIU De-Li
		The microbial community composition in rural household biogas digesters of Qinghai was investigated with polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technology. The results showed that the diversity of bacteria and archaea were rich, and the shift of microbial community was obvious in digesters. The bacterial communities in four biogas digesters were classified into five phyla, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were identified to be dominant. At genome level, belonging to twenty-four communities, Petrimonas, Pseudomona, Tissierella and Clostridium were the abundant taxa. Meanwhile, the species of archaeal community were calssified as Methanobrevibacter, Methanogenium, Methanoculleus and Thermofilum, and the first two classes were dominant in the digesters. Notably, the methane produced by hydrogen nutrition methanogens, and the dominant fermentative bacteria during the hydrolysis and acidogenesis were detected from animal digestive system.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1794-1804 [Abstract] ( 170 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 799KB] ( 616 )

	1805	Diversity of actinomycetes at the saline-alkali soils in downstream area of Shiyang River of Hexi Corridor——Illustrated by the case of Minqin County
		LI Hai-Yun, NIU Shi-Quan, KONG Wei-Bao, ZHU Xue-Tai, ZHANG Ai-Mei, DA Wen-Yan, HAN Cai-Hong, YAN Wei-Ru, GENG Hui
		In order to understand the population structure and diversity of actinomycetes at saline-alkali soils in Shiyang River area of Hexi Corridor, the total DNA was extracted from three types soils (primary saline-alkali soil, secondary saline-alkali soil and farmland soil). Meanwhile, actinomycetes 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed by amplified total DNA products with actinomycetes specific primers, then the positive clone products were digested by HaeⅢ and HhaⅠ, and the clones with different type of electrophoretic bands (Amplifed Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis, ARDRA) were sequenced, furthermore, the phylogenetic trees were built and diversity index was analyzed. The results demonstrated that the 90positive clones from the primary saline-alkali soil were attributed to 20 OTUs, belonged to Micrococcineae, Propionibacterineae, Corynebacterineae, Frankineae, Pseudonocardineae, Actinomycetales and unknown groups. The 98 positive clones from the secondary saline-alkali soil were attributed to 32 OTUs, belonged to Micrococcineae, Propionibacterineae, Corynebacterineae, Frankineae, Pseudonocardineae, Actinomycetales and unknown groups. The 98 positive clones from farmland soil were attributed to 10 OTUs, belonged to Micrococcineae, Propionibacterineae, Corynebacterineae, Frankineae, Pseudonocardineae, Actinomycetales and unknown groups. Micrococcineae was the dominant population in all type soils. The diversity index and Rarefaction curves analysis showed that actinomycetes diversity in the three different types soils was in the order secondary saline-alkali soil > primary saline-alkali soil > farmland soil.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1805-1813 [Abstract] ( 169 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 450KB] ( 506 )

	1814	Inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa by Bacillus subtilis
		ZHANG Rui, WANG Guang-Jun, LI Zhi-Fei, YU 二Meng, XIA Yun
		To investigate the inhibition of Bacillus subtilis against Microcystis aeruginosa, the bacterium-free filtrate of B. subtilis culture from different growth periods (delayed, log, stable and decline phase) were used to study its inhibition and mode of action against M. aeruginosa. The MDA, SOD activity and the photosynthetic pigments content in M. aeruginosa were measured. The results showed that the inhibition of M. aeruginosa by the B. subtilis filtrate was greater in log phase, stable phase and decline phase than that in delayed phase with removing efficiency of 81.19%, 91.41% and 91.82%, respectively on day 8. The chlorophyll a contents of M. aeruginosa in treated groups were significantly lower than that in the control group. The MDA contents increased obviously in treated group and the SOD activity increased first and then decreased when M. aeruginosa was cultured in the filtrate-containing medium. Carotenoids were not affected as much as chlorophyll a. Results showed that B. subtilis inhibited the growth of the algae by secreting extracellular substances. And these substances were highly thermal-stable. It was speculate that the substances can hinder the photosynthesis by destroying the photosynthetic pigments and increase the membrane lipid peroxidation by inhibiting the SOD activity at the same time, resulting in inhibition of M. aeruginosa.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1814-1821 [Abstract] ( 145 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 487KB] ( 797 )

	1822	Differentially expressed proteins in Microcystic aeruginosa with Solidago canadensis L. extracts using iTraq labeling technique
		HUANG Ying-Ying, BAI Yu, WANG Yan, KONG Hai-南
		To investigate antialgal mechanism of Solidago canadensis L. extracts, iTraq labeling technique coupled with LC-MS-MS was used to analyze differentially expressed proteins in Microcystic aeruginosa. 261 differentially expressed proteins (fold change ratio31.5) were identified, in which 220 proteins were upregulated and 41proteins were down-regulated. GO function analysis showed that the extracts of S. canadensis inhibited the algal growth by affecting metabolism process, protein catalytic activity and binding function. KEGG pathway analysis showed that top 3 enrichment pathway classes were all related to metabolism, including energy, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis was the top enrichment pathway. This study elucidated the molecular targets of the extracts of S. canadensis, thereby giving insight into the antialgal effects at the molecular level and providing a new way to study the antialgal mechanism of plant allelopathic compounds.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1822-1830 [Abstract] ( 162 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 499KB] ( 638 )

	1831	Sediments phosphorus forms and loading in the lakes of the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yunnan Plateau, China
		LI Rui, WANG Sheng-Rui, XIAO Shang-Bin, JIAO Li-Xin, LIU Wen-Bin, NI Zhao-Kui
		Differences of phosphorus forms in lake sediments and its flux across the sediment-water interface (SWI Pflux) between lakes located in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River drainage basin (MLYR) and those in the Yunnan Plateau (YN) were determined. The average ω(TP) in YN was (1256±621) mg/kg, which was higher than that in MLYR [(601±76)mg/kg]. Soil erosion resulted in the higher content of calcium bound phosphorus (HCl-P) in the sediments of YN, and the high salinity of their lake water were conductive to phosphorus burial. High organic matter content in sediments also inhibited the migration of phosphorus in lakes of YN, and the SWI Pflux was 0.17~1.07mg/(m2·d). However, in MLYR phosphorus forms were closely related to non-point source nutrient pollution and phytoplankton bloom, and redox sensitive phosphorus (BD-P) accounted for the majority of TP. The potential mobile phosphorus (the sum of loosely adsorbed P, BD-P, NaOH bound P) accounted for 60.60% of TP, which was around 2 times of that in YN, and its SWI Pflux was 0.002~1.32mg/(m2·d). Thus, measures including reducing agricultural nonpoint source pollution, maintaining and recovering macrophytes in lakes should be taken to improve water quality in MLYR. However, preventing the soil erosion, and implementing the best nutrient management practices are more important in the watershed of YN.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1831-1839 [Abstract] ( 192 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 524KB] ( 951 )

	1840	Modelling daily variation in the vertical distribution of Microcystis
		YU Qian, LIU Zhao-Wei, CHEN Yong-Can, ZHU De-Jun
		By coupling advection-diffusion equation and buoyancy regulation, a coupled model for simulating diurnal changes of vertical concentration distribution of Microcystis was developed. Different from existing models, the present model incorporated the buoyancy regulation of the Microcystis colonies with different diameters. The numerical simulations showed a good agreement with the field data acquired in Lake Vinkeveen, the Netherlands. It was found that the highest concentration showed up below rather than on the water surface and turbulent diffusion had a significant impact on the vertical distribution. The colonies with smaller sizes (20~50μm in diameter) distributed more uniformly than those with larger sizes (100~200μm in diameter). The densities of colonies decreased in the evening, and thus Microcystis float upwards. However, the densities increased and the Microcystis sank in the daytime. Hence, the surface concentration of the Microcystis reached the highest value at the sunrise and reached the lowest value at the sunset.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1840-1846 [Abstract] ( 152 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 653KB] ( 486 )

	1847	Mechanism of destratification by aeration-induced internal waves in a reservoir
		SUN Xin, LI Dan, LI Xuan-Long, JIE Yue
		Under temperature gradients of 0.18~0.60℃/cm, using a self-designed physical model reservoir with a thermally stratified structure was used, the process of destratification by aeration-induced internal waves was explored in the limited water of the model reservoir, the relationship between the falling rate of the thermocline and characteristic parameters of internal waves was analyzed, and the mechanism of destratification by internal waves in limited fluids was revealed. The experimental results showed that as the internal waves induced by aeration could be observed in the thermocline before the waters were completely mixed, the amplitudes of internal waves were higher in the middle of thermocline and shorter on the edge of thermocline.During the destratification, the thermocline fell gradually from its original position to the reservoir bottom, the falling rate gradually decreased from 0.24m/s to 0.08m/s, but the duration times, periods and amplitudes of internal waves roughly increased by 100%、200% and 33% respectively; under similar conditions, the falling rate of the thermocline also decreased with the increase of temperature gradients. The aeration-induced internal waves were not broken during its propogation in the limited waters of the model reservoir. This result indicated that the mixing in limited stratified waters is mainly achieved by the alternant transport of water particles in the vertical direction during destratification by the aeration-induced internal waves, which is different to the conventional theory of mixing due to the breaking of internal waves in the open oceans.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1847-1854 [Abstract] ( 123 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 635KB] ( 542 )

	1855	Effects of Myriophyllum spicatum L. on the migration and conversion of exogenous 15N at the water-sediment interface
		YANG Wen-Bin, LI Yang, SUN Gong-Xian
		Simulated indoor experiments were conducted to investigate the fate of excess exogenous nitrate nitrogen and the effects of growing Myriophyllum spicatum on the migration and conversion of exogenous 15N by using the isotope labelling technology in microcosm. The results suggested that in a twelve-day experiment the percentage of exogenous nitrate nitrogen removed by denitrification, microorganism, submerged plants, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and conversion to dissolvable organic nitrogen (DON) was 47.54%, 25.24%, 12.76%, 0.52% and 1.21%, respectively. in the treatment group (planted group), while in the unplanted group (control group), the percentage of exogenous nitrate nitrogen removed by denitrification, microorganism, DNRA and DON was 32.74% 30.79%, 0.54% and 5.83%, respectively. About 87.24% and 69.90% of the exogenous 15N was transformed in planted and unplanted groups, respectively during the twelve-day experiment. According to our finding, denitrification is the main pathway for nitrate nitrogen removal, followed by microorganism immobilization. M. spicatum also plays an important role in the removal of nitrate nitrogen, but the effects of DNRA and DON is relatively poor. To sum up M. spicatum promotes denitrification, accelerates the migration and conversion of nitrate nitrogen, which directly or indirectly accelerates the removal of exogenous nitrate nitrogen in the microcosm.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1855-1862 [Abstract] ( 151 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 435KB] ( 494 )

	1863	Occurrence characteristic and potential risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Circum-Chaohu Basin
		KONG Ming, PENG Fu-Quan, ZHANG Yi-Min, YIN Hong-Bin, LIU Zhuang, CHAO Jian-Ying
		Surface sediment samples were taken from Chaohu Basin, total and fractions of eight heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb) were studied. The pollution of heavy metals were evaluated by the potential ecological risk index (RI). Heavy metal distribution of surface sediment indicated the highest degree of contamination in Nanfei-Shiwuli River, followed by Yuxi river and its tributaries, finally the other 5 rivers. Fractions of heavy metals analysis showed that Hg, Cr, Ni and Cu existed mainly in residual fractions (77.56%, 64.83%, 56.52% and 48.93%) , and extractable fraction was dominant for Cd (89.22%), followed by Zn, Pb and As (70.35%, 69.50% and 63.70%). Potential ecological risk assessment showed that Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni and As had low pollution level, Cd had a higher pollution level and Hg had heavily pollution level, the potential ecological risk of heavy metals was in the descending order of Nanfei-Shiwuli river>Yuxi river>Zhegao river>Hangbu-Fengle river>Pai river>Baishishan river>Zhao river. The risk assessment code showed that Cd had very high risk level, Zn had high risk level, Cu and Ti were between low risk and medium risk level, Pb was between no risk and low risk level, Cr posed no risk. Therefore, emergent management measures must be taken to control pollution of Cd and Hg in Nanfei River and Yuxi River.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1863-1871 [Abstract] ( 238 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1377KB] ( 692 )

	1872	Joint toxicity of benzotriazole and cadmium to zebrafish liver
		DUAN Zheng-Hua, CHEN Xiao-欧, LIU Ling-Li, GONG Zhi-Yuan, LI Cai-Xia
		Transgenic zebrafish Tg (lfabp10a: dsRed; elaA:EGFP) was used to explore the single and joint hepatotoxicities of benzotriazole and its derivatives (BTRs) and cadmium in the environment. The results showed that, the expression of liver-type fatty acid binding protein related gene lfabp10a in zebrafish was up-regulated under the exposure of 0.001 to 0.1μmol/L CdCl2, and the size of the liver was significant enlarged than that in the control group (P<0.005). But the expression of lfabp10a in zabrafish liver was inhibited by 1 μmol/L CdCl2, and the liver size was apparently decreased (P<0.005). Toxicity of 1H-BTR (1H-benzotriazole) was much lower when compared with that of CdCl2, and lfabp10a expressed in zebrafish liver was up-regulated under exposure of 5μmol/L 1H-BTR. The hepatotoxicity of CdCl2 was significantly reduced by 1H-BTR (P=0.000) in their combined exposure. Therefore, benzotriazole plays an important role in the evaluation of the toxicities of environmental pollutants.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1872-1876 [Abstract] ( 191 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 528KB] ( 785 )

	1877	Model for predicting outdoor coherent noise and its engineering application
		RUAN Xue-Yun, WEI Hao-Zheng, LI Zhi-Yuan
		A model for predicting outdoor coherent noise based on the geometric diffraction theory and coherent image source method was presented. The proposed model was suitable to be used in the engineering algorithm. By using the proposed model, not only the coherent sound field formed by multiple paths diffraction when sound waves gone through a finite length barrier or multiple barrier, but also that formed by multiple reflections between interfaces of barriers, could be calculated. The proposed model was experimentally used to predict the coherent sound field around a power transformer in a substation, and the results of the proposed model were respectively compared with that predicted by using the ISO9613-2, that calculated by using the boundary element method, and the directly measured values. The comparisons showed that the proposed model was valid and could be used for predicting outdoor noise in a wide range. Furthermore, the comparisons showed that the proposed model could reflect the fluctuations of sound waves at different locations, and could give predictions closer to the measured values than the ISO9613-2model.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1877-1884 [Abstract] ( 139 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1086KB] ( 733 )

	1885	Analysis of Guangdong carbon emissions from energy consumption and the driving factors of its intensity change
		TIAN Zhong-Hua, YANG Ze-Liang, CAI Rui-Xian
		Based on the provincial energy statistics and the rules of greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting, the CO2 emissions and its carbon intensity change from energy consumption in Guangdong Province in the period of 2005 to 2012 were analyzed in this study. Using the method of Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index, the driving factors that were behind the intensity change were investigated, which included the sectoral energy intensity, industrial structure, energy consumption structure and carbon emission co-efficients. Results showed that Guangdong’s CO2 emissions from the energy use increased by 6.3% annually, while the carbon intensity (by unit GDP) decreased 27% during the period. The CO2 intensity decrease should be attributed mainly to the declining of the energy consumption intensity across the industrial sectors. Other factors that contributed to the CO2 intensity reduction included the drop of the carbon content of the net imported electricity and the increased share of the petroleum consumption that was used as raw material. Other factors such as the industrial structure and the energy structure, were developed in a direction that lifts the CO2 intensity of the province, while the factor of the household energy consumption contributed the opposite, with a growth rate lower than that of the GDP.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1885-1891 [Abstract] ( 201 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 478KB] ( 1662 )

	1892	Economic accounting of external environmental cost of coal in China
		LIU Qian-Qian, QIN Chang-Bo, GE Cha-Zhong, CHENG Cui-Yun, LONG Feng
		Based on product life cycle theory, a framework to account the of coal was established. The physical quantity and magnitude of value of external environmental cost of coal was estimated for its whole life cycle including production, transportation and using. The external environment costs in the coal production, transportation and using phase were estimated to be 218.595 billion yuan, 63.118 billion yuan and 265.537 billion yuan, respectively. The cost per ton of coal was 67.78 yuan, 44.68 yuan and 85.04 yuan, respectively. And the total environmental external cost of coal was 5472.50 billion yuan in 2010, and 197.40 yuan/tons of coal.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1892-1900 [Abstract] ( 152 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 396KB] ( 964 )

	1901	Influence of livestock and poultry’s waste disposal on the environmental efficiency in scale breeding: from the perspective of layers’ fecal disposal.
		ZHU Ning, QIN Fu
		Taking layer industry as an example, survey data from scale breeding farmers of layer in China￠s five major egg production provinces was used, from the perspective of layers￠ fecal disposal, with both methods of Super-SBM model and quintile regression, empirical analysis was done on the environmental efficiency in layers￠ scale breeding and its influence factors. The results show that: the environmental efficiency of layers￠ scale breeding was lower than its technical efficiency. Moreover, the environmental efficiencies vary in different regions. There are phenomena of input redundancy and insufficient desirable output as well as excessive undesirable output during breeding process. Mechanization and high-frequency in fecal cleaning are in favor of maintaining a high level of the environmental efficiency in layers￠ scale breeding, while the usage of fecal does not have continuous significant influence. The promotion of scale and standardized breeding in China is good for improving the environmental efficiency in layers￠ scale breeding.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1901-1910 [Abstract] ( 200 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 753KB] ( 621 )

	1911	Energy efficiency and its determinants of western China: total factor perspective
		LIU Dan-Dan, ZHAO Song-Yang-Yang, GUO Yao
		Incorporating undesirable output in the input-output indicators, the total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) of 29 Chinese administrative regions during 2003~2012 was computed based on super-efficiency DEA. Then the TFEE of western region was decomposed with Malmquist index and determinants of energy efficiency were examined with Tobit model. Results indicated that energy efficiency of western region was far below that of eastern region, and also below that of central region, which reflected the low level of energy efficiency of western region. TFEE varied among western provinces, but the gap was narrowed in recent years. TFEE of western region showed a decending tendency during research period. TFEE was influenced significantly by technical change, pure technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change, and technology degradation was the most significant factor that led to the decline of TFEE of western region. Industrial structure upgrade and technology progress had positive effects on energy efficiency, while energy price and coal consumption had negative effects on energy efficiency.
		2015 Vol. 35 (6): 1911-1920 [Abstract] ( 236 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 732KB] ( 578 )

中国环境科学

News

More>>

下载中心

Instruction

Template

More>>

Links

  Ministry of Land and
　  Resources of the People^,s
　  Republic of China

CNKI

WANFANG DATA

CNPITC

More>>

CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE

Links：

China Association for Science and Technology　Chinese Society For Environmental Sciences　CNKI　WANGFANG DATA