Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae

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CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE

CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE

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	2015 Vol.35 Issue.11,Published 2015-11-20

	3201	Relationship between indoor and outdoor VOCs bofore and after APEC summit

		To investigate the relationship between indoor and outdoor VOCs, the air in and out of an idle room were simultaneously sampled from Nov.5 to Dec.11, 2014. 98 kinds of VOCs were quantitated and discussed by dividing them into five categories according to their functional groups, and they are alkanes, olefin, aromatics, halogen and oxygenated hydrocarbons, respectively. In this paper, we disicussed the concentration levels, I/O, indoor and outdoor relevance as well as the correlation between different categories of VOCs. At last, we roughly estimated the contribution of outdoor VOCs sources on indoor VOCs concentration. Results showed that indoor VOCs had higher concentritions than outdoor, and alkanes>oxygenated hydrocarbons>halogen hydrocarbons>olefin. Five categories both had indoor and outdoor sources of VOCs. For the indoor and outdoor relevance of VOCs, olefins were related to the worst while oxygenated hydrocarbons the best. Meanwhile there came to the conclusion that halogen hydrocarbons > alkanes> aromatics. Alkanes-Olefin shared the best correlation both in the indoor and outdoor samples (rin=0.805, rout=0.888, P￡0.01), while halogenated hydrocarbons-oxygenated hydrocarbons shared the worst correlation (rin=0.491, P￡0.05; rout= 0.529, P￡0.01). Outdoor source contribution rate changed between five kinds of VOCs. Halogenated hydrocarbon contributed the most (56.57%), followed by alkanes (46.64%), olefins (40.10%), oxygenated hydrocarbons (33.98%) and aromatics (20.67%). In addition, the concentration levels of VOCs, I/O, indoor and outdoor correlation and the correlation between substances after APEC summit were higher than the corresponding value before the summit.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3201-3210 [Abstract] ( 186 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 562KB] ( 850 )

	3211	Size distribution characteristics of water-soluble organic matter in atmospheric aerosol in Shenzhen, China

		This study established an experimental system, which combined an ultrasonic nebulizer with an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor to measure the chemical composition and size distribution of inorganic ions and water-soluble organic matter of size-segregated aerosol samples collected during the spring of 2013 in Shenzhen, China. The mean water-soluble particle mass concentration was (17.4±2.1)μg/m3during the campaign, with WSOM and sulfate being the dominant species. Both the fine and coarse mode WSOM was found to be dominated by secondary organic aerosol, and the coarse mode WSOM was inferred to be produced by heterogeneous reaction. The oxidation state (based on the ratio of O/C) of size-segregated WSOM was measured to be 0.46~1.36, corresponding to an OM/OC ratio (mass ratio of organic matter to organic carbon) of 1.76~2.89. The higher oxidation state of the coarse mode WSOM implied its experience of more ageing processes.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3211-3216 [Abstract] ( 223 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 441KB] ( 1312 )

	3217	Study on the effects of urban expansion on region climate and ozone pollution over Nanjing in summer

		Based on the meteorological observation data from 1951 to 2010 at the station 58238, as well as air pollutant monitoring data in 2007 from Caochangmen air quality monitoring stations, the variation trend of the meteorological factors in Nanjing and the relationship between air pollution and meteorology were analyzed. With the aid of WRF-CALGRID, impacts of urbanization on local meteorological fields and ozone concentration over Nanjing were discussed. The results show that the elevated air temperature, the decreased wind speed and the reduced air humidity in Nanjing can be attributed to urban sprawl. And in consideration of the effects of meteorological factors, such as air temperature and wind, on the concentration of ozone, urbanization in Nanjing may evidently impact ozone formation and distribution. The simulated results illustrated that changes of land-use in Nanjing cause an increase in air temperature over 1℃, a decrease in wind speed with 0.4m/s, a decrease in air humidity with 0.5g/kg, and an increase in mixing layer height with 100m. Urbanization reduces near surface NOx concentration due to the increase of PBLH, with the maximum decrease over 6×10-9. In the north and west of Nanjing, urbanization increases the concentration of O3 with the value over 2×10-9, which can be related to the increase of air temperature, the decrease of wind speed and the change of NO. In the south and east of Nanjing, O3 can be lowered about 1×10-9~3×10-9 due to the increase of the height of mixing layer.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3217-3226 [Abstract] ( 194 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1342KB] ( 928 )

	3227	Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on greenhouse gas emissions from maize field in black soil

		Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from agricultural production is an important source of atmospheric GHG. It is crucial to explore corresponding measures and their effect on mitigating GHG emissions. To gain high crop yield without increasing GHG emissions, it is necessary to propose new nitrogen (N) fertilizer management strategies. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer management (conventional fertilization, decreasing within 20% of the conventional N application rate, nitrification inhibitor and controlled release fertilizer) on greenhouse gases emissions from spring maize field in black soil using the static chamber-gas chromatograph method. The results showed that: the peak of N2O emission flux occurred within 1~3days after basal fertilization and top-dressing from maize field in black soil. 28.8%~41.9% of total N2O emissions during maize growth period were emitted within the first 16days after basal fertilization and top-dressing. Decreasing within 20% of the conventional N application rate significantly decreased the total N2O emissions. Compared with the conventional fertilization with higher rates of N fertilizer (185kg N/ha), the total N2O emissions and annual global warming potential (GWP) were decreased by 17.6%~46.1% and 30.7%~67.8% respectively under improved N management practices, whereas greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) were decreased by 29.1%~67.0%. Nitrification inhibitor addition showed the lowest total N2O emissions, GWP and GHGI compared with other treatments. Higher CO2emission fluxes occurred from elongating to milky-riping stage. The maize field was a weak sink of atmospheric CH4 in black soil. The emission fluxes of CO2 and CH4 were not affected by N application rate (148~185kg N/hm2) and nitrification inhibitor, respectively. Nitrification inhibitor and controlled release fertilizer had no significant influence on the yield of maize. Under the conditions of our experiment, decreasing N rate by 20% at the basic level of 185kg N/hm2 combined with nitrification inhibitor can maintain the stable yield of maize, therefore could be served as an appropriate practice for mitigating GHG emissions with reduction of cost in black soil area.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3227-3238 [Abstract] ( 165 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 722KB] ( 903 )

	3239	The particle size distribution characteristics of different combustion sources

		An electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) with an air dilution system was employed to investigate the PM emission characteristics of industry source, traffic source, biomass combustion and cooking fume. The result showed that, the particle number concentration of coal boilers and diesel traffic source presented one single peak with the range of 0.20 to 0.48μm, the biomass combustion and cooking fume presented double peak style, the peak appeared in the nuclei-mode (0.02~0.07μm) and accumulation mode (0.2μm) respectively, the cement kiln existed double peak too, at the round of 0.12μm and 1.23~1.96μm. The peak of mass concentration appeared in the coarse particle mode mostly in all source, and the diesel traffic source had higher level. The particle number concentration main accumulated in the accumulation mode, the fraction of coarse particle mode less than 1%, and the mass concentration major accumulated in the coarse particle mode, and the fraction of nuclei-mode less than 0.1%.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3239-3246 [Abstract] ( 187 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 475KB] ( 986 )

	3247	Improvement of source apportionment by exploring origin of mixed dust source with particle swarm optimization

		Improved exploring origin of mixed dust source (IEOMDS) was proposed by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to calculate the contributions of all dust instead of search solution space with intelligence (SSSI), which was first applied in the method of exploring origin of mixed dust source (EOMDS) in CMB model. After that, IEOMDS was tested in source apportionment of atmospheric particulates for a city, and compared its results with EOMDS. The results showed that the contribution rate of dust according to IEOMDS model was 28.01%, which was lower than 28.75% according to the original model, and the ratios of calculated data and measured data of receptor elements based on IEOMDS model were closer to 1, indicating that the results of IEOMDS model are more accurate and reasonable.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3247-3250 [Abstract] ( 138 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 316KB] ( 685 )

	3251	Facile composite of amino carbon nanotubes / graphene: preparation and adsorption for gaseous formaldehyde

		For the excessive phenomenon of indoor air pollutant formaldehyde, the new carbon nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes) were introduced into the field of gaseous pollutants removal. Using the characteristic of graphene solution that forming gel under certain conditions and adopts sponges as skeleton, construct the three-dimensional structure of aerogels of graphene/carbon nanotubes/sponge. Further improve the performance of formaldehyde removal of the carbon nanotube/graphene aerogel (GCNTs/EDA-S) by modified with amino groups and study the adsorption mechanism. The results of experiment show that both of graphene and carbon nanotubes have good adsorption properties after modified with amino functional groups. The breakthrough time of GCNTs/EDA-S can be up to 4024min/g and the maximum adsorption capacity is 13.5mg/g under the formaldehyde concentration of 3.7PPM.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3251-3256 [Abstract] ( 256 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 375KB] ( 1411 )

	3257	Community structures and population dynamics of nitrifying bacteria in activated sludges of wastewater treatment plants

		Community structures and population dynamics of nitrifying bacteria determine biological nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater. The population structures and dynamics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in four full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated in this study. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the abundance of AOB was in a range of 8.56×106~4.46×107cells/gMLSS, while NOB was varying in 3.37×108~1.53×109cells/gMLSS. In each process Nitrospira was the dominant species of NOB. Nitrospira abundance was obviously higher than Nitrobacter, accounting for 88% of total NOB. In the A2O process the abundances of AOB and Nitrospira in winter were less than those in summer, leading to decline of biological nitrogen removal. The phylogenetic analysis of AOB amoA genes indicated that all the sequences were affiliated with genera Nitrosomonas, among which Nitrosomonas oligotropha cluster was the dominant species, accounting for 60% of the clone libraries. The pre-dominant AOB were Nitrosomonas-like cluster and Nitrosomonas europaea cluster, accounting for 29.6% and 9.1% of the clone libraries, respectively. N. europaea cluster was only found in A2O process, and reached 44.7% of total AOB in summer sample, which was a main reason causing high nitrite accumulation during summer operation of A2O process. The outcomes verified that the dominant AOB and NOB in WWTPs was Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira, respectively. Nitrifying bacteria accounted for 1%~7% of total bacteria. The abundances, relative distributions and community structures of nitrifying bacteria significantly influence the performance of biological nitrogen removal.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3257-3265 [Abstract] ( 215 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 569KB] ( 1219 )

	3266	Factors influencing the denitrifying phosphorus removal efficiency of A2O-BAF process

		The effects of anaerobic reaction time and COD concentration on denitrifying phosphorus removal efficiency of A2O-BAF process were studied in parallel batch experiments, at the same time the relationship between denitrifying phosphorus uptake amount and nitrate consumption was investigated in anoxic condition. The results found that as anaerobic reaction time from 30min to 120min and COD concentration from 50mg/L to 200mg/L increased, phosphorus release amount, denitrifying phosphorus uptake amount, net phosphorus uptake amount and nitrate removal amount increased, but the ratio of denitrifying phosphorus uptake amount and release amount remained almost unchanged. In the all tests, a good linear relationship between denitrifying phosphorus uptake amount and nitrate consumption was presented in anoxic condition, with the linear coefficient and correlation coefficient ranging from 1.007 to 1.053 and 0.992 to 0.997 respectively, which showed the sludge intrinsic characteristics in the anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process with biological aerated filter (A2O-BAF) denitrifying phosphorus removal system.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3266-3274 [Abstract] ( 84 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 537KB] ( 492 )

	3275	Nitrogen removal in overlying water by intermittent aeration and ammonia indirect measurement by fluorescence method

		In order to realize effective nitrogen removal in the polluted rivers and rapidly measuring ammonia nitrogen changes, the nitrogen conversion and removal effect in the overlying water were researched with intermittent aeration. The study also investigated the correlation between DOM fluorescence intensity and ammonia nitrogen concentration by excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy. The process showed that intermittent aeration realized the repeated nitrification and denitrification in the overlying water. Ammonia nitrogen obviously decreased in the stage of nitrification and increased in the stage of denitrification, while nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen significantly increased in the stage of nitrification and decreased in the stage of denitrification, and total nitrogen always declined. The removal effect of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen increased along with increasing DO concentration, total nitrogen declined to 5.11, 1.42, 1.13, 0.91mg/L and ammonia nitrogen declined to 4.13, 1.30, 0.85, 0.72mg/L respectively when DO concentration was 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5mg/L, respectively. The changes of fluorescence intensity indicated that the changes of low excitation wavelength tyrosine and tryptophan had the same trend with those of ammonia nitrogen. The sum of fluorescence intensity of the low excitation wavelength tyrosine and tryptophan showed a good linear correlation with ammonia nitrogen concentration with correlation coefficient 0.974, 0.972, 0.966, and 0.984 when DO concentration was 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5mg/L, respectively. The study demonstrates that ammonia nitrogen concentration can be rapidly predicted by detecting the total fluorescence intensity of the low excitation wavelength tyrosine and tryptophan and the process of the intermittent aeration can be controlled flexibly and timely based on the changes of the ammonia nitrogen concentration, and then provides a quick and effective control technique and theoretical support for polluted river.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3275-3281 [Abstract] ( 135 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 488KB] ( 793 )

	3282	Degradation characteristics of quinclorac in homogeneous Co(Ⅱ)/PMS system

		An effective advanced oxidation process for the degradation of quinclorac (QC) in water is reported. This method is based on the oxidation of quinclorac by sulfate radicals generated from the decomposition of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) mediated by Co (Ⅱ) ion in the aqueous phase. The effects of the concentration of PMS and Cl-, molar ratio of Co (Ⅱ)/PMS as well as the initial concentration of QC on the degradation efficiency of QC were examined. The results showed that the degradation of QC in the homogeneous Co (Ⅱ)/PMS system fitted well to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The degradation rate of QC increased with the decreasing of molar ratio of QC/PMS, but declined as the ratio of QC/PMS lower than 1/100 when the initial concentration of QC was in the range of 0.02~0.2mmol/L. The reaction rates linearly increased with the increase of PMS concentration with a QC decomposition as high as 94% within 4 hours at an initial concentration of 32mmol/L PMS. The ratio of Co (Ⅱ)/PMS had positive effect on the degradation of QC, while Cl- had negative impact. The results of LC/MS analysis indicated that 3,7-dichloro-8-hydroxy quinoline and 7-chloro-8-quinoline carboxaldehyde were the two major intermediates of QC degradation.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3282-3287 [Abstract] ( 219 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 394KB] ( 1040 )

	3288	Sulfadiazine degradation through iodine radicals excited by ultrasound

		The ultra-degradation of sulfadiazine (Sulfadiazine, SD) enhanced by molecular iodine under ultrasound/ H2O2/KI system was investigated. The experimental parameters such as initial solution pH, KI and H2O2 adding concentration were discussed. The main active species in ultrasound/H2O2/KI system were evaluated by adding methimazole, the scavenger of iodine radicals. The experimental results indicated that SD degradation was enhanced significantly under the ultrasound/H2O2/KI system. The SD removal efficiency decreased with the initial pH value, and was influenced considerably by the concentration of H2O2 and KI. The radical inhibition experiments indicated that I· and I2-· were the main active species contributed to SD degradation. HPLC analysis showed that four intermediate products formed during SD degradation under ultrasound/H2O2/KI system, and one was sulfanilamide.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3288-3295 [Abstract] ( 118 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 511KB] ( 698 )

	3296	The removal characteristic of DBPsFP by potassium permanganate preoxidation during chlorination of Cyclops metabolite

		During chlorination process, the Cyclops metabolite would produce disinfection by-products. The objective of present study is to investigate the disinfection by-products precursors removal characteristics by potassium permanganate preoxidation under different conditions. The research indicates that: along with the increasing dosage of potassium permanganate (KMnO4), the concentration of 1,1,1-trichloropropanone (1,1,1-TCP), chloral hydrate (CH), chloroform (TCM) content increases, while the concentration of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) decreases, this index for chloropicrin (TCNM) increases in the first place while decreases after it reaches its peak. In our experiment, when the KMnO4dosage exceeds 5mg/L, CH, TCNM, DCAN, TCAN, DCAA, TCAA and 1,1-DCP would reach their best removal efficiency, which could exceed 72.2%. The optimum preoxidation time is 20minutes. With the prolonged preoxidation time, the concentration of DCAN, DCAA and TCAA decreases, while the same item of TCM and CH changes in the opposite way. The concentration of TCNM, TCAN and 1,1,1-TCP firstly increases and then decreases. On the contrary, the concentration of 1,1-DCP decreases at first and then increases continuously. pH also has a significant impact on removal efficiency. When pH is lower than 7, TCM generation would be restrained. When pH is 7, TCAA would exceed its lowest concentration while 1,1-DCP would exceed its highest concentration. It would contribute to the decrease of 1,1-DCP with pH above 7. And when pH is higher than 7, the concentration of CH, DCAA, DCAN, TCAN, TCNM and 1,1,1-TCP decreases along with the increase of pH. The removal efficiency would reach its highest value of 80% when the pH is 9. With the increase of temperature, the concentration of DCAA, TCAA and TCM increases, while 1,1-DCP, DCAN and 1,1,1-TCP decreases correspondingly. Furthermore, CH firstly increases and then decreases. TCAN shows the opposite trend to CH. By analyzing the removal characteristics of most DBPsFP indicate that the optimum temperature is 30℃.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3296-3302 [Abstract] ( 137 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 434KB] ( 761 )

	3303	Mathematical modeling of the anaerobic fermentation for VFAs production from sludge by C/N ratio regulation

		The improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to estimate the key parameters of ADM1model. Through sensitivity analysis of key parameters, the Monod maximum uptake rate parameters km,i, half saturation constant Ks,i and the products yield from substrate fi were proved to be significant impact on the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production. The revised kinetic parameters were integrated into the ADM1to modeling the VFAs production from anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge by C/N regulation. The results indicated that the errors were low between the estimated and experimental determined VFAs production data, suggesting that the modified ADM1 model can be used to describe the effects of C/N regulation on the VFAs production from anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge well.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3303-3309 [Abstract] ( 130 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 712KB] ( 698 )

	3310	Study on advanced treatment for removing nitrate in wastewater through chemical catalytic reduction

		In order to effectively reduce the concentration of NO3--N in the effluent of the municipal wastewater treatment plant, the basic experiments and proving tests were conducted in order. The KNO3 solution prepared was sampled for evaluating NO3-- N removal efficiency by adding H+、Fe2+、Cu2+ and Pd/Al2O3, respectively. Results showed that certain removal performances could get (92%、41%、61%), when the pH was 2.1, or with the dosage of 1000mg/L for Fe2+ and Cu2+, respectively; one thing we could not neglect was that NH4+-N dominated in the products. However, 48% removal efficiency could be reached and N2was predominant in the products with dosage of 10g/L of the catalysts (Pd/Al2O3) and pH of 3.02. The effluent of the wastewater treatment plant was used for the proving tests. It can be concluded that under certain condition, ideal efficiency could be obtained through the above mentioned ways. Taking nitrate removal efficiency, byproducts, water properties into consideration, the chemical catalytic reduction of nitrate in wastewater could be more practicable.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3310-3316 [Abstract] ( 140 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 431KB] ( 737 )

	3317	Preparetion and photocatalytic properities of silver vanadate modified titania under visible light irradiation

		A novel silver vanadate modified titania photocatalyst was prepared by one-pot hydrothermal method in this paper. The product was characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis. Methelene blue(MB) was employed to investigate its photocatalytic activity and stability, and the mechanism of the degradation of MB was also discussed according to experimental results. The results demonstrated that the photocatalytic degradation of MB by silver vanadate modified titania was a first-order reaction, and the rate constant (0.009 min-1) was three times bigger than that of P25 under visible light irradiation. The enhancement of the photocatalytic activity might attribute to the formation of coupling heterojunction between silver vanadate and titanium, and the photo-generated electrons could spontaneously migrate from conduction band of silver vanadate to conduction band of titania while the hole left on the valence band of silver vanadate to generate hydroxyl radical. The oxidation of hole as well as hydroxyl radicals played a leading role in the action. The combination of electron and receptor was the limiting step. In addition, the hybrids showed strong stability and high activity in this study. The degradation rate decreased only 4.8% after repeated for three times.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3317-3324 [Abstract] ( 145 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 819KB] ( 1052 )

	3325	Studies on the TiO2/ZSM-5m photocatalyst and combination with persulfate for the degradation of coking wastewater

		Composite photocatalyst was prepared with nano TiO2 loaded mesoporous ZSM-5molecular sieve, its morphology and composition were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM), specific surface and pore size analyzer and X-ray diffraction, and treatment effects of TiO2/ZSM-5/persulfate system on the advanced degradation of residual organic pollutants (ROPs) from coking biological treated wastewater and mechanisms therein were investigated with batch experiments. The results show that an average COD effluent concentration of 76.3mg/L and percent COD removal of 78.2% can be reached under the initial average COD concentration of 352mg/L, catalyst dosage of 1.6g/L, pH of 3.0, C(Na2S2O8) of 0.8g/L and 180min of reaction at room temperature, which meets existing pollutants discharge standards. The ROPs photocatalysis process can be described with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, which indicats that S2O82- captured the electronics easily on the catalyst surface with the micro meso porous structure, reduced the recombination rate of hole and electron, promoted the formation of ·OH and SO4-· and strengthened the ROPs adsorption and photocatalytic degradation significantly. The contaminants before and after the treatment were measured by the determination of degradation and transformation rules with GC-MS, which revealed that the benzenes characteristic pollutants can be degraded efficiently, but the intermediate products increased remarkably.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3325-3332 [Abstract] ( 164 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1146KB] ( 896 )

	3333	Remediation of Cr6+ in chromite ore processing residue by sodium thiosulfate and sodium phosphate

		Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the remediation of Cr (VI) in COPR by the reductant sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3), and the mechanism for the reduction of Cr (VI) into Cr (III) was tested. After remediation treatment, phosphate was added to immobilize the Cr (III)-containing compounds in COPR. Different reaction time and dosages of reagents were investigated to evaluate the efficiency of Cr (VI) reduction. The results indicated that sodium thiosulfate could effectively remove Cr (VI) from COPR. When the molar ratio of Na2S2O3to Cr (VI) was 12: 1and the treating time was 15 days, 70% of Cr (VI) was removed; afterwards, further increases of reagent dosage and/or treating time had little effect on the removal of Cr (VI). Cr (III)-containing crystallines were observed after phosphate was added as an immobilizer, which significantly reduced the content of Cr (VI) in the COPR leachate. When the molar ratio of phosphate to Cr (III) was 4: 1, the leachable Cr (VI) was 6.1mg/L, which was much lower than the required concentration (￡15mg/L) in China Hazardous Waste Identification Criteria (GB 5085.3-2007). Moreover, the two-step treatment was more beneficial to remove Cr (VI) than the one-step treatment (i.e., Na2S2O3 and phosphate were simultaneously added into the COPR).
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3333-3339 [Abstract] ( 232 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 474KB] ( 1204 )

	3340	The establishment and application of predict model for passive sampling technique with LDPE membranes

		To obtain membrane water partition coefficient , Kpew, practical tests and kinetic experiments were conducted using passive sampling technique with three different thickness (76μm,56μm and 25μm) of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) membranes. For organic pollutants with logarithmic of octanol-water partition coefficient, logKow, greater than 2, the prediction model for Kpew has been established considering three key factors of time (t), thickness of film (d) and kinetics. The results shown that the relative error between Kpew from practical tests and prediction model is ±0.03, which proved the precise and reliable of this prediction model. The establishment of prediction model for Kpew could avoid the complicated processes of Kpew practical monitoring, hence the monitoring efficiency of organic pollutants would be improved significantly. Furthermore, the prediction model was applied to monitoring the organic pollutants in river Hun and Dongzhou, of which the results proved the precise and practicability of this prediction model in further. Besides, Kpew of benzene series are firstly proposed, which is considered as a breakthrough for the extension of passive technique with LDPE membranes.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3340-3345 [Abstract] ( 154 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 485KB] ( 882 )

	3346	Discussion on action mechanisms of antimony(V) removal by enhanced coagulation with polymeric ferric sulphate

		The impact of raw-water pH value, polymeric-ferric-sulphate (PFS) dosage, coexisting anion (i.e., bicarbonate and phosphate ions), and humic acid (HA) was explored on antimony (V) removal effect from drinking water sources by enhanced coagulation with PFS (as flocculant). In addition, the action mechanisms of removal process were also discussed. The results showed that pH value of raw water significantly affects antimony (V) existing forms and PFS hydrolysates during enhanced coagulation, reflected by an increase of antimony (V) removal efficiency with reducing pH value or increasing PFS dosage. As a result of competitive adsorption, coexsiting anion and HA have a negative influence on the removal of antimony (V) by coagulation. Moreover, antimony (V) removal process by PFS coagulation has been found to be more in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3346-3351 [Abstract] ( 141 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 420KB] ( 871 )

	3352	Simulated remediation for nitrobenzene pollution with in-situ reactive zone of sucrose-modified nanoscale zero valent iron

		In order to study the remediation effeciency for nitrobenzene pollution, in-situ reactive zone of modified nanosale zero valent iron was created in one-dimensional simulation columns using prepared slurry, and the persistence of its function was also assessed through the calculation of permeability change. The results of simulated experiments show that the removal efficiency of nitrobenzene was 45%~80%, and the changing process of the permeability of the reactive zone could be divided into thress stages: rapid decline in 0~10d, slow decline in 10~30 d and stable stage in 30~60d with average decrease of 53.2%. Still, the reactive zone kept favourable operation without blocking in different aquifer conditions, which proved that the zone of SM-NZVI could continue to remediate availably. Larger particle size of aquifer medium and suspension concentration resulted in higher degradation efficiency of nitrobenzene which increased by 23.7% and 13.7%, respectively. However, higher flow velocity of underground water and pollutant concentration were adverse to the removal of nitrobenzene which both decreased by 46.8% or so. The ratio of iron to nitrobenzene participating in the reaction actually in each zone was 11.2, 17.9, 12.6, 3.3 and 25.7, respectively, it means that the utilization percentage of SM-NZVI particles was relatively low and thus excess suspension should be injected to the underground for ideal remediation results.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3352-3358 [Abstract] ( 115 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 474KB] ( 737 )

	3359	Inorganic carbon cycling in subsurface environment influenced by agricultural activities

		To accurately elucidate the pollution sources and pollutant transformations in subsurface environment, shallow groundwater affected by intensive cultivation of vegetables on open land in North China was selected as objective. Hydrochemical compositions, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, and dissolved inorganic carbon isotopes of shallow groundwater samples were utilized to delineate the sources of groundwater and to illuminate the sources and transformations of dissolved inorganic carbon. The results demonstrated that Ca2+ and Mg2+ were dominated cations, and HCO3- and SO42- were dominated anions in local groundwater. Along groundwater flow path, hydrochemistry types varied from HCO3--Ca2+-Mg2+ to HCO3--SO42--Mg2+-Ca2+; Hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of shallow groundwater varied from -69.6‰ to -52.7‰ with the average value of -63.5‰ and from -9.29‰ to -6.80‰ with the average value of -8.45‰, respectively. It could be found that atmospheric precipitation was the main recharge source of local groundwater, meanwhile shallow groundwater located near the river water were also recharged from surface water. Dissolved inorganic carbon isotope values of shallow groundwater varied from -11.76‰ to -5.85‰ with average value of -10.43‰. Dissolved inorganic carbon in local groundwater was mainly derived from soil carbon dioxide, carbonate minerals and organic matters. It also indicated that some groundwater samples had been influenced by infiltration of river water. Fertilizer-induced acid participating carbonate minerals weathering and CO2 outgassing in shallow groundwater were two important factors controlling inorganic carbon isotopic compositions in groundwater, which should be paid more attentions during identification of groundwater pollution sources by dissolved inorganic carbon isotopes.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3359-3370 [Abstract] ( 115 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1705KB] ( 628 )

	3371	Groundwater pollution assessment in northeastern Ordos Basin based on correspondence analysis method

		The current groundwater pollution conditions of different aquifer systems of Northeastern Ordos Basin were analyzed using correspondence analysis method using the monitored data in 2014. And the major pollutants, its pollution sources and pollution pathways were explored. The results indicate that pollution of NO3- was serious due to agricultural production, pesticides and fertilizers casting in the inner flow area of western study area and Wuding river downstream areas. In the inner flow area of western to the diving evaporation concentration effect, industrial wastewater, domestic sewage and garbage leachate with high Cl- content from the upstream infiltrates into the groundwater, leading to an increase of Cl- and TDS. High hardness water is widely distributed in study area, the leachate of biodegradable organic matter contained in domestic sewage and solid waste raises CO2 equilibrium pressure, or acidic leaching of industrial acidic waste water promote the dissolution of mineral containing Ca2+, Mg2+, leading to an increase of hardness.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3371-3378 [Abstract] ( 134 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1540KB] ( 624 )

	3379	Effect of amendments on H2S and NH3emissions during kitchen waste composting

		In order to reduce odor substances emissions in kitchen waste composting process, this study designed experiments to investigate the effects of corn straw, woody peat and sawdust as amendment materials on H2S and NH3 emissions during kitchen waste composting, the composting treatment without adding amendments was used as control. The results showed that application of 3kinds of amendments promoted the organic matter decomposition and the pile temperature rise, the compost into the high-temperature period was brought forward by 3~4d that compared with CK; The analysis of phytotoxicity indexes of EC and GI showed that the treatment adding corn straw reached the compost maturity requirements, and the treatments adding woody peat and sawdust only reached the innocuous requirements. Three kinds of amendments could all decrease H2S and NH3emissions to varying degrees during kitchen waste composting. Compared with CK, the cumulative emissions of H2S were reduced by 78.7, 50.3 and 89.8%, and the cumulative emissions of NH3were reduced by 53.8, 87.7 and 63.9% for the treatments of adding corn straw, woody peat and sawdust, respectively. It indicated that application of sawdust can more effectively control the H2S emission, and application of woody peat can more effectively control the NH3emission.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3379-3386 [Abstract] ( 123 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 502KB] ( 908 )

	3387	Influence of flotation reagents for the release of heavy metals in lead-zinc tailings by bioleaching

		A static simulation test was carried out to study the effects of four kinds of flotation reagents on the release of lead and zinc with Acidthiobacillus ferrooxidans, taking a lead-zinc tailings as the research object in QingHai Province. The results showed that except butylamine aerofloat, redox potential rised and pH value dropped in the leaching systems with other three kinds of xanthate compared with the system added no reagents over time. And the influence order was isobutyl xanthate > ethyl xanthate ≈ amyl xanthate > butylamine aerofloat. The release amounts of Pb and Zn in the leaching systems with xanthate were much larger than that of aerofloat. Also Zn was more easy to dissolve. The largest concentration of Pb and Zn were 77.60, 167.00mg/L on 50th day, respectively. Isobutyl xanthate was best for heavy metal dissolution of Pb and Zn. Three reasons made the difference of dissolution of heavy metals in leaching systems with diverse flotation reagents. They were galvanic effect, the activation on sphalerite of Cu2+ and hydrolysis ability difference of flotation reagents. XRD analysis of tailings residue indicated that new materials were generated in the process of dissolution but the content was not same.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3387-3395 [Abstract] ( 113 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 447KB] ( 698 )

	3396	Biotransformation and methylation of different valence state arsenic by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

		The biotransformation and methylation of arsenic by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 were studied under laboratory condition with the addition of As (III) and As (V) respectively to the culture medium. The result showed the biotransformation of arsenic by S. oneidensis MR-1 was dependent on microbe tolerance and metabolism. When As (III) was added to the medium, a small quantity of As (V) was generated by S. oneidensis MR-1for detoxification, meanwhile organic arsenic was generated by the action of methyltransferase. When As (V) was added to the medium, monomethylarsine and dimethylarsine were produced step by step through the Challenge mechanism. In addition, weakly acidic environment was more beneficial to arsenic methylation than alkaline condition. When the culture temperature was 30℃, the arsenic methylation rate was higher than others.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3396-3402 [Abstract] ( 170 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 820KB] ( 849 )

	3403	Correlation analysis of algae composition and environmental factors in Jingpo Lake

		This research was performed at May, September and October in 2013 at 26 stations of Jingpo Lake, aiming to investigate the algal species. A total of 140 kinds of algal species belonging to 74 genera of 8 phyla were identified. The algal community was dominated by Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta, and significant difference was found on algal composition across 26 sampling stations. The algae had the species ranging from 3 to 35 and abundance ranging from 0.5×104 to 230.8×104cells/L, and obviously different across the sampling stations in the three seasons. Overall, Margalef values varied from 0.48 to 2.31, while Shannon-Wienner and Pieloud varying from 1.27 to 3.97 and 0.45 to 0.94, and TLI of the water varied from 40 to 60, both showing that the water status of Jingpo Lake varied from middle nutrition to light eutrophication. Pearson correspondence analysis was applied to explore the relationship between algal species and environmental parameters by SPSS 13.0. The result showed that water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), transparency (SD), permanganate index (CODMn) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3--N) were the most important factors influencing the distribution of algal species across the 26sampling stations. Besides these, the other factors just like total nitrogen (TN) and fluorides (F) were also important to the algal species.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3403-3413 [Abstract] ( 141 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1119KB] ( 878 )

	3414	The distribution characteristics of PAHs and the influencing factors in Dishui lake and crucian carp

		Investigated the pollution levels, distributions, compositions, sources and influencing factors in dissolved phases, suspended particular matters and sediments of Dishui Lake, the results showed that average concentrations of total PAHs in those medium were 16.78ng/L, 33.02ng/g and 40.98ng/g respectively. Statistical analyses suggested that Water pH and conductivity was correlated to the concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs in dissolved phases, while total organic carbon (TOC) was correlated to the concentrations of high molecular weight PAHs in sediments. PAHs in dissolved phases were mainly from high temperature combustion of straw, wood and coal. There are also some samples showed the oil source. Combustion and oil spill were the sources of PAHs in suspended particular matters. While both combustion and petrogenic inputs were the sources of PAHs in sediments. By measuring the concentrations of PAHs in the crucian carp muscles, eggs and gills,we found the concentrations of PAHs in the gills of crucian carp were the highest, followed by the meat and roes. Compared to concentrations of PAHs in the fishes of other areas in the world, the concentrations ranges was in the lower level, but some samples with a higher BaP equivalent concentrations than the EPA regulations.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3414-3421 [Abstract] ( 148 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 581KB] ( 773 )

	3422	The Iris Pseudoacorus’ tolerant ability and removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus in saline-alkaline water of coastal region

		The study investigated the saline-alkaline tolerant ability of Iris pseudoacorus seedlings in coastal regions as well as the nitrogen and phosphorus removal capability under hydroponic culture. The growth characteristics, physiological response of I. pseudoacorus and the removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus by I. pseudoacorus were analyzed in saline-alkaline water. The results showed the limits of salinities that I. pseudoacorus could tolerate were less than 9‰, 6‰ and 3‰, corresponding the pH values of the water were 7, 8, 9, respectively. Within the limits, the differences of water content and leaf chlorophyll content between the plants in salt-alkali treated groups and those in control group (without salt or pH stress) were less than 5.0%. The concentrations of Na+, Cl-, betaine and soluble carbohydrates increased by 130% at most within the limits. At low salinities and low alkalinities (salinities were 3‰ and 6‰ while the pH was 7and salinity was 3‰ while the pH was 8), the relative growth rate of the plants in treated groups was 0.6~6.1% higher than those in control group, and I. pseudoacorus removed 0.046mg/(g·d) and 0.020mg/(g·d) of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, respectively. Beyond the limits, however, the concentrations of Na+ and proline of I. pseudoacorus were 14.0 and 91.4 times higher than those in control group in response to salt-alkali stresses. In addition, the growth of I. pseudoacorus were inhibited and the removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus reduced significantly. In summary, I. pseudoacorus could be chosen to purify the coastal water with low salinity and low alkalinity.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3422-3430 [Abstract] ( 131 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 477KB] ( 641 )

	3431	Weight analysis of each influence factor of the green tide disaster based on SVM

		According to the green tide algae -Ulvaprolifera remote sensing data of the Southern Yellow Sea in 2012~2013, climate factors including temperature, weather, wind direction, wind force and wave height which effect theUlvaprolifera diffusion, the corresponding support vector regression model (SVR) was established. By analyzing the development of the disaster using the model’s weight change, the result of SVM was more accurately draw the right weight of each factor and weight conversion lawcompared with traditional single factor analysis method. Then through the analysis for the change rule of weight, give the division basis of the various stages of green tide.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3431-3436 [Abstract] ( 114 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 686KB] ( 861 )

	3437	The distribution of phosphorus forms and its environmental significance in the marine ranching. demonstration area of Haizhou Bay sediment

		The chemical speciation of phosphorus as well as its bioavailability of the marine ranching demonstration area of Haizhou Bay sediment was investigated by the grading methods for inorganic phosphorus in combination with the determination of the overlying water primary productivity. The results showed that the content of TP in summer was significantly higher than the spring and autumn, Inorganic phosphorus (IP) was the most abundant form, which accounted for 45.50% of TP. Content of inorganic phosphorus fractions in the surface sediment followed the order: residual inorganic phosphorus (Re-P)>calcium bound phosphorus (Ca-P)>Fe and Al-bound phosphorus ((Fe+Al)-P)>exchangeable phosphorus (Ex-P). Ex-P, (Fe+Al)-P and Ca-P had positive correlation with organic carbon content (P<0.01, R>0.8). Phosphorus content in surface sediments decreased from inshore to open sea of Haizhou Bay. This trend can be mainly attributed to the effects of terrigenous input and the sediment texture. The potentially biological available phosphorus (BAP) accounted for a large proportion (36.95%) of TP.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3437-3444 [Abstract] ( 173 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 933KB] ( 750 )

	3445	Enrichment and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments of the Bangkok Bay

		Forty-six surface sediment samples were collected from the Bangkok Bay (Upper/Northern Gulf of Thailand) and adjacent river-mouths (Mae Klong River, Tha Chin River, Chao Phraya River, and Bang Pakong River) in 2010. The geochemical characteristics of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn) were studied using Al as a reference element to normalize the grain-size effect. The biological availability was assessed based on heavy metal concentrations in acid-soluble and residual fractions after the bulk sediment samples were pretreated with 1mol/L HCl. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in sediments of the river-mouths were higher than that of the Bangkok Bay. The concentrations of heavy metals increased in a seaward direction from north to south except Cd and geo-accumulation index indicates that Cd and Pb were significantly enriched in the sediments. Higher concentrations of Cd and Pb in the soluble fractions showed strong bioavailability which may easily cause secondary pollution.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3445-3451 [Abstract] ( 148 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 700KB] ( 598 )

	3452	Free polyamines during algae bloom succession in the East China Sea in spring 2011

		The predominant polyamines (spermine, putrescine and spermidine) of seawater in the area of frequent red-tide occurrence of the East China Sea in spring 2011 were measured by HPLC. The results showed that putrescine, spermidine and spermine in the survey area ranged between 0~48, 3~11 and 2~17nmol/L respectively. The average concentration of putrescine was the highest, followed by spermidine and spermine. During diatom bloom that dominated by Skeletonema costatum and dinoflagellate bloom that dominated by Prorocentrum donghaiense occurring, polyamine concentration was relatively higher in area where algae bloom broke out. Polyamine concentration varied with process of algae bloom outbreak, and showed correlation with DOC, POC, DON and C/N.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3452-3461 [Abstract] ( 139 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1432KB] ( 642 )

	3462	Effect of ultraviolet on the photoproduction of dissolved gaseous mercury in coastal seawater during winter.

		The photochemical reduction is an important way to transform Hg2+ to Hg0 in seawater, influencing the release of mercury to the atmosphere, thus plays a crucial role in the regional biogeochemical cycle of mercury. Coastal water samples collected from Qingdao, north China, were treated with UVA and UVB, compared with the control of dark treatment without light. The experiments were carried out using waters samples with or without 0.2 μm pre-filtration to comparatively characterize the influences of suspended solids and microbes on photochemical reduction. Then the cumulative amount of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) was calculated and the redox reaction rate was obtained under different light conditions. With the irradiation of UV light, DGM increased significantly to a peak and then decreased; the cumulative DGM increased gradually and then leveled off, which conformed to the pseudo-first order kinetic equation. Cumulative DGM in UV condition was much higher than that in dark control. UV irradiation promoted photoreduction of mercury apparently, and was also helpful to the formation of Hg2+ in seawater. The reduction rate of Hg2+ was in the range of 0.057~0.214h-1 under UV light. The 0.2μm filtered samples had higher reduction rates than unfiltered samples, suggesting that the suspended particulate matter inhibited the production of DGM. When seawater was bubbled by Argon, the production rate of DGM with UVB irradiation was higher than that in UVA. However, the results were opposite when bubbled by air, which indicated that oxygen participated in the photoredox reaction.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3462-3467 [Abstract] ( 137 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 421KB] ( 715 )

	3468	Study of CDOM properties and carbon monoxide photoproduction in Qingdao coast sea and the East China Sea

		In this study, the photoproduction of CO in the seawater of Qingdao Coast Sea (QCS) and the East China Sea (ECS) was investigated. The optical characteristics of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and the Apparent Quantum Yield [AQY(λ)] of CO in the seawater of the two different research areas were compared. The results showed that the absorption coefficient at 355nm [α(355)] of QCS and the ECS were (0.381~0.868)m-1 and (0.083~0.427)m-1, with the averages of 0.622m-1 and 0.196m-1, respectively, indicating that the value along the coast area was higher than that in the ECS. There is a clear correlation between α(355) and Sg in the water of QCS, but the two parameters in the seawater of the ECS did not have the obvious correlation, suggesting the correlation between α(355) and Sg was undetermined. The positive correlation between α(355) and photochemical production rate of CO showed the photochemical degradation of CDOM was the important source to produce CO. Similar to the variation trend of α(355), the average AQY(λ) in QCS was higher than that in the ECS, indicating that the CDOM with the high optically active substance could yield CO more efficiently in its photodegradation reaction.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3468-3474 [Abstract] ( 111 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 609KB] ( 739 )

	3475	Perfluorinated compounds in human milk from Beijing: levels and exposure assessment of nursing infant

		Two perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), were measured in 95 human milk samples collected from Beijing in 2011~2012. The donors' personal information, such as dietary habit and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, were obtained by questionnaires. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis indicated that the levels of PFOA ranged from 13.4 to 181.3pg/mL, with the mean and median values of 42 and 37.4pg/mL, respectively. Levels of PFOS were normally higher than PFOA. The levels of PFOS ranged from 14 to 390.3pg/mL, with the mean and median values of 66.6 and 54.5pg/mL, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was positive related to the levels of PFOA, whereas the time of nursing was negative related to PFOA. For PFOS, only the mother's age was found positive relative to the levels of PFOS. Median daily intakes (DIs) of PFOA and PFOS by breast-fed infants were 4.67 and 6.81ng/(kg bw×d), with the highest DIs of 22.66 and 48.79ng/(kg bw×d), respectively. The results indicated that the ingestion rates of PFOS for some infants exceed the reference dose (RfD), which could lead to possible toxicological impact. Thus, more research is needed to assess possible risk associated to PFCs contamination during early stages of life.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3475-3480 [Abstract] ( 152 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 342KB] ( 821 )

	3481	The effect of PM2.5 on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Beijing areas during the Olympic Games.

		To investigate the impact of emission reduction and traffic restrictions measures before and after the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing on public health, which had cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Air quality and the hospitalizations of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases from Beijing Emergency Medical Center were collected from July to September during 2006~2010 in this paper. Using time series method of nonparametric generalized additive model (GAM) by controlling the long-term trend, "week effect", the influence of meteorological factors, to establish the relationship between the concentrations of PM2.5 and hospitalizations including gender and years stratification. There is significantly associations between PM2.5 and different cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease with a lag of 0~2d. From July to September during 2006 to 2010, the relative risks (RR) of different groups are least in 2008 and are largest in 2009. Increases of 0.0%, 0.18% and 0.07% in 2008, 3.43%、2.10% and 2.97% in 2009 for total, male and female cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases hospitalizations were associated with increase of 10μg/m3 in PM2.5. In addition, it is very important for reducing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Beijing by taking the related measures during the Olympic Game in 2008.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3481-3488 [Abstract] ( 177 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 614KB] ( 1044 )

	3489	Indicator system building for regional comprehensive environmental health risk assessment and its applications

		This paper explores the principles and approaches of building the indicator system for regional comprehensive environmental health risk assessment, estimates the comprehensive risks by provinces, therefore provides scientific basis for regional policies. The research applied Pressure-State-Response model to build an indicator system for comprehensive environmental health risk assessment with 23 indicators and their weight coefficients, using Analytic Hierarchy Process combined with principal component analysis and independence analysis. It was empirically tested by the 2012 data of 31 provinces, and a clustering analysis was conducted to reveal the similarity patterns and differences of regional risks. This research shows environmental health risks in 9 provinces are above the standards, developed regions (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai) and underdeveloped regions have comparatively low risks, and high risks are discovered in quickly developing regions. The indicators developed in regional comprehensive environmental quality assessment are rational and practical, and can be applied to other researches.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3489-3495 [Abstract] ( 176 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 745KB] ( 983 )

	3502	Greenhouse gas emissions from nuclear power chain life cycle in China

		Based on PCA (process chain analysis) and LCA (life cycle analysis) methods, first-hand survey data and some new parameters were used to calculate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from nuclear power chain life cycle in China. The results showed that the present actual GHG emissions from front-end of nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear power plant is 6.2gCO2,eq/(kW·h), and the total of nuclear life cycle (also including fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste disposal) is 11.9gCO2,eq/(kW·h). Nuclear power is low-carbon energy and has obvious potential of GHG emissions reduction that is about 1kgCO2,eq reduction per 1kW·h electricity generation if nuclear power replacing some coal power. By upgrading nuclear industry technologies, encouraging materials reuse/recycle and sustainable energy saving, the GHG emissions from nuclear power chain would be further reduced.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3502-3510 [Abstract] ( 144 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 490KB] ( 1094 )

	3511	The safety evaluation of water resources based on DPSIRM conceptual framework in karst region

		Aiming at the problems existing in the safety evaluation of water resources, such as partial evaluation indexes, the omission of single index membership information and subjectivity problem of determining weight, In a typical karst area-Guizhou province as an example, combining with the characteristics of water resources in karst region, based on conceptual framework of driving force-pressure-state-impact-response-management (DPSIRM) to build evaluation index system of water resources security, with the help of grey-set pair model to make quantitative evaluation of Water security of Guizhou province in 2005~2005, The results show that: the water security in Guizhou in 2005 and 2006 in the criticality safety state, 2007~2012 in a safe state, water security in Guizhou to present the overall good posture. the state of water resources and water resources management ware the important factors affecting the safety of water resources. Continued to adjust the economic structure and transformation of the mode of growth at the same time, improve the utilization efficiency of water resources, increase investment in infrastructure construction of water resources, strengthening the construction of water resources management system and improve the implementation of water resources management system, these were the fundamental guarantee of the water security in Guizhou; The applicability of the evaluation model and index system was stronger, the evaluation results more objective, provided a new perspective and a new method for the safety assessment of water resources in karst region.
		2015 Vol. 35 (11): 3511-3520 [Abstract] ( 141 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 734KB] ( 1025 )

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