青海典型工业区耕地土壤重金属评价及源解析

尹芳; 封凯; 尹翠景; 拜得珍; 王蕊; 周园园; 梁永春; 刘磊

PDF(1925 KB)

中国环境科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11) : 5217-5226.

土壤污染与控制

青海典型工业区耕地土壤重金属评价及源解析

尹芳¹, 封凯², 尹翠景², 拜得珍³, 王蕊³, 周园园³, 梁永春², 刘磊²

作者信息 +

Evaluation and source analysis of heavy metal in cultivated soil around typical industrial district of Qinghai province

YIN Fang¹, FENG Kai², YIN Cui-jing², BAI De-zhen³, WANG Rui³, ZHOU Yuan-yuan³, LIANG Yong-chun², LIU Lei²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

为了解黄河流域工业园区附近耕地土壤重金属污染现状、分布特点及污染来源，在青海省湟水流域甘河工业园区采集了138个表层土壤样点，测定了Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn等7种重金属的含量及土壤pH值，以《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》为评价标准，采用地累积指数、污染负荷指数、主成分分析、正定矩阵因子分析等方法对研究区耕地土壤重金属污染进行了研究分析.结果表明：7种土壤重金属的浓度范围分别为Cd（0.16~21.80mg/kg）、As（3.68~20.80mg/kg）、Pb（17.00~223.40mg/kg）、Cr（47.22~389.24mg/kg）、Cu（16.03~46.06mg/kg）、Ni（21.33~93.24mg/kg）、Zn（48.60~1535.10mg/kg），其中Cd污染最严重，存在13个高风险值点，52个中风险值点；其次为Zn，存在13个中风险值点；Cr和Pb分别存在2个和1个中风险值点，其他重金属的采样点均为低风险.研究区耕地土壤重金属污染以中部偏东地区最为严重，与研究区工厂企业的位置一致，两种主要重金属污染元素Cd和Zn的污染均表现出以工厂企业为中心，中心区污染最严重，向外污染程度逐渐降低.综合地累积指数和污染负荷指数分析的结果，研究区绝大多数地区污染较轻，在中部偏东工业园区周边地区污染较为严重，Cd和Zn是其主要贡献元素.造成研究区耕地土壤重金属污染的来源主要包括交通运输、工业生产、农业活动、燃煤发电及自然成土过程等.

Abstract

In order to understand the current status, spatial distribution characteristics, and pollution sources of heavy metal pollution in the cultivated soil around the industrial district of the Yellow River Watershed, 138 surface soil samples were collected from Ganhe Industrial District in Huangshui Watershed, Qinghai Province. The factors including the soil pH and seven heavy metal elements (Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) were measured in the laboratory. According to the standard named Soil environmental quality:Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land, methods including the geo-accumulation index, pollution load index, principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization were adopted to evaluate the pollution level and analyse the sources of the heavy metals in the study area. A series of results have been obtained. The concentration ranges of the seven soil heavy metal elements were Cd (0.16~21.80mg/kg), As (3.68~20.80mg/kg), Pb (17.00~223.40mg/kg), Cr (47.22~389.24mg/kg), Cu (16.03~46.06mg/kg), Ni (21.33~93.24mg/kg), Zn (48.60~1535.10mg/kg), respectively. The Cd pollution was the most serious, which had 13 high-risk samples and 52 medium-risk samples. Zn was the second polluting element, which had 13 medium-risk points. There were only two medium-risk samples and one medium-risk sample for Cr and Pb, respectively. For the other elements, all the samples were at low risk. The pollution of heavy metals in the cultivated soils was mostly distributed in the central-eastern part of the study area, which was roughly consistent with the location of the factories and enterprises in the study area. The pollution areas of the two major elements, Cd and Zn, were distributed around the factories and enterprises and showed an obvious trend of gradually decreasing from the centre to outside. The results of the geo-accumulation index and pollution load index showed that most regions of the study area were less polluted. The pollution was more serious in the area around the central-eastern industrial park, and Cd and Zn were the main contributing elements. The sources of heavy metal pollution in the cultivated soil of the study area mainly included transportation, industrial emission, agricultural activities, coal-fired power generation, and natural soil formation processes.

导出引用

尹芳, 封凯, 尹翠景, 拜得珍, 王蕊, 周园园, 梁永春, 刘磊. 青海典型工业区耕地土壤重金属评价及源解析[J]. 中国环境科学. 2021, 41(11): 5217-5226

YIN Fang, FENG Kai, YIN Cui-jing, BAI De-zhen, WANG Rui, ZHOU Yuan-yuan, LIANG Yong-chun, LIU Lei. Evaluation and source analysis of heavy metal in cultivated soil around typical industrial district of Qinghai province[J]. China Environmental Science. 2021, 41(11): 5217-5226

中图分类号： X53

参考文献

[1] 刘胜然,王铁宇,汤洁,等.典型城市单元的土壤重金属溯源方法与实证研究[J]. 生态学报, 2019,39(4):1278-1289.Liu S R, Wang T Y, Tang J, et al. Source apportionment methods of soil heavy metals in typical urban units:an empirical study[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019,39(4):1278-1289.
[2] GB15618-2018土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)[S].GB15618-2018 Soil environmental quality-Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land[S].
[3] 中华人民共和国环境保护部,中华人民共和国国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[R]. 北京, 2014.Ministry of environmental protection of the PRC, Ministry of land and resources of the PRC. National survey bulletin on soil pollution[R]. Beijing, 2014.
[4] Ail H, Khan E, Sajad M A. Phytoremediation of heavy metals-Concepts and applications[J]. Chemosphere, 2013,91(7):869-881.
[5] 孙慧,毕如田,郭颖,等.广东省土壤重金属溯源及污染源解析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018,38(2):704-714.Sun H, Bi R T, Guo Y, et al. Source apportionment analysis of trace metal contamination in soils of Guangdong province, China[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018,38(2):704-714.
[6] 刘勇,张红,尹京苑.汾河太原段土壤中Hg、Cr空间分布与污染评价[J]. 农业工程学报, 2008,24(5):57-60.Liu Y, Zhang H, Yin J Y. Pollution assessment and spatial distribution of soil Hg and Cr in the Taiyuan area of the Fenhe River[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2008,24(5):57-60.
[7] Huo X N, Li H, Sun D F, et al. Multi-scale spatial structure of heavy metals in agricultural soils in Beijing[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2010,164(1):605-616.
[8] Niu L L, Yang F X, Xu C, et al. Status of metal accumulation in farmland soils across China:From distribution to risk assessment[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2013,176:55-62.
[9] Zhang H G, Cui B S, Rong X, et al. Heavy metals in water, soils and plants in riparian wetlands in the Pearl River Estuary, South China[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2010,2(6):1344-1354.
[10] Li X D, Lee S L, Wong S C, et al. The study of metal contamination in urban soils of Hong Kong using a GIS-based approach[J]. Environmental pollution, 2004,129(1):113-124.
[11] Micó C, Recatalá L, Peris M, et al. Assessing heavy metal sources in agricultural soils of an European Mediterranean area by multivariate analysis[J]. Chemosphere, 2006,65(5):863-872.
[12] 解文艳,樊贵盛,周怀平,等.太原市污灌区土壤重金属污染现状评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2011,(8):83-90.Xie W Y, Fan G S, Zhou H P, et al. Access of heavy metals pollution of the sewage irrigation region in Taiyuan, China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2011,(8):83-90.
[13] Lu A X, Wang J H, Qin X Y, et al. Multivariate and geostatistical analyses of the spatial distribution and origin of heavy metals in the agricultural soils in Shunyi, Beijing, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012,425(none):66-74.
[14] 董騄睿,胡文友,黄标,等.基于正定矩阵因子分析模型的城郊农田土壤重金属源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(7):2103-2111.Dong L Y, Hu W Y, Huang B, et al. Source appointment of heavy metals in suburban farmland soils based on positive matrix factorization[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(7):2103-2111
[15] 陈志凡,化艳旭,徐薇,等.基于正定矩阵因子分析模型的城郊农田重金属污染源解析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2020,40(1):276-283.Chen Z F, Hua Y X, Xu W, et al. Analysis of heavy metal pollution sources in suburban farmland based on positive definite matrix factor model[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2020,40(1):276-283.
[16] 陈锦芳,方宏达,巫晶晶,等.基于PMF和Pb同位素的农田土壤中重金属分布及来源解析[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2019,38(5):1026-1035.Chen J F, Fang H D, Wu J J, et al. Distribution and source apportionment of heavy metals in farmland soils using PMF and lead isotopic composition[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2019, 38(5):1026-1035.
[17] Chen H Y, Teng Y G, Lu S J, et al. Source apportionment and health risk assessment of trace metals in surface soils of Beijing metropolitan, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2016,144(2):1002-1011.
[18] Zhang Z S, Zheng D M, Xue Z S, et al. Identification of anthropogenic contributions to heavy metals in wetland soils of the Karuola Glacier in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2019,98(3):678-685.
[19] 张永康,曹耀华,冯乃琦,等.青海某铁多金属矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J]. 矿产保护与利用, 2017,(3):94-99.Zhang Y K, Cao Y H, Feng N Q, et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in an iron polymetallic mining area in Qinghai[J]. Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2017,(3):94-99.
[20] Zhang P Y, Qin C Z, Hong X, et al. Risk assessment and source analysis of soil heavy metal pollution from lower reaches of Yellow River irrigation in China[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2018,633:1136-1147.
[21] Rao Q H, Sun Z G, Tian L P, et al. Assessment of arsenic and heavy metal pollution and ecological risk in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary, China[J]. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2018,32(10):2889-2902.
[22] 崔丹,李瑞,陈岩,等.基于结构方程的流域水环境承载力评价——以湟水流域小峡桥断面上游为例[J]. 环境科学学报, 2019, 39(2):624-632.Cui D, Li R, Chen Y, et al. An evaluation of the water environmental carrying capacity using structural equation modeling:A case study of the upstream areas of Xiaoxia Bridge Section in Huangshui River Basin[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019,39(2):624-632.
[23] 邱瑀,卢诚,徐泽,等.湟水河流域水质时空变化特征及其污染源解析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2017,37(8):2829-2837.Qiu Y, Lu C, Xu Z, et al. Spatio-temporal variation characteristics and water pollution sources in the Huangshui River Basin[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017,37(8):2829-2837.
[24] 环境保护部办公厅,国土资源部办公厅,农业部办公厅.关于印发全国土壤污染状况详查样品分析测试方法系列技术规定的通知全国土壤污染状况详查土壤样品分析测试方法技术规定[EB/OL]. http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201711/t20171106_425226.htm.2017-10-23/2017-11-07. General office of the ministry of environmental protection of the PRC, General office of the ministry of land and resources of the PRC, General office of the ministry of agriculture of the PRC. Notice on issuing the technical regulations on the national soil pollution status detailed investigation sample analysis and testing methods[EB/OL]. http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/201711/t20171106_425226.htm.2017-10-23/2017-11-07.
[25] Förstner U, Ahlf W, Calmano W, et al. Sediment criteria development[M]//Sediments and environmental geochemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1990:311-338.
[26] 范拴喜,甘卓亭,李美娟,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2010,26(17):310-315.Fan S X, Gan Z T, Li M J, et al. Progress of assessment methods of heavy metal pollution in soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010,26(17):310-315.
[27] Suresh G, Sutharsan P, Ramasamy V, et al. Assessment of spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of the heavy metals in relation to granulometric contents of Veeranam lake sediments, India[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2012,84:117-124.
[28] 中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1990:336-392.China National Environmental Monitoring Center. Background values of elements in Chinese soil[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 1990:336-392.
[29] Reff A, Eberly S I, Bhave P V. Receptor modeling of ambient particulate matter data using positive matrix factorization:review of existing methods[J]. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2007,57(2):146-154.
[30] 易文利,董奇,杨飞,等.宝鸡市不同功能区土壤重金属污染特征、来源及风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2018,27(11):2142-2149.Yi W L, Dong Q, Yang F, et al. Pollution characteristics, sources analysis and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in different functional zones of Baoji City[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2018,27(11):2142-2149.
[31] 汪庆华,董岩翔,周国华,等.浙江省土壤地球化学基准值与环境背景值[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2011,23(2):81-88.Wang Q H, Dong Y X, Zhou G H, et al. Soil geochemical baseline and environmental background values of agricultural regions in Zhejiang province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2011,23(2):81-88.
[32] 田贺忠,曲益萍.2005年中国燃煤大气砷排放清单[J]. 环境科学, 2009,30(4):956-962.Tian H Z, Qu Y P. Inventories of atmospheric arsenic emissions from coal combustion in China, 2005[J]. Environmental Science, 2009, 30(4):956-962.
[33] 蒋成爱,吴启堂,陈杖榴.土壤中砷污染研究进展[J]. 土壤, 2004, 36(3):264-270.Jiang C A, Wu Q T, Chen Z L. Arsenic contamination in the soil[J]. Soils, 2004,36(3):264-270.
[34] Kartal Ş, Aydın Z, Tokalıoğlu Ş. Fractionation of metals in street sediment samples by using the BCR sequential extraction procedure and multivariate statistical elucidation of the data[J]. Journal of hazardous materials, 2006,132(1):80-89.
[35] Cloquet C, Carignan J, Libourel G, et al. Tracing source pollution in soils using cadmium and lead isotopes[J]. Environmental science & technology, 2006,40(8):2525-2530.
[36] Luo L, Ma Y, Zhang S, et al. An inventory of trace element inputs to agricultural soils in China[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2009,90(8):2524-2530.
[37] Nicholson F A, Smith S R, Alloway B J, et al. An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales[J]. Science of the total environment, 2003,311(1-3):205-219.
[38] Lindström M. Urban land use influences on heavy metal fluxes and surface sediment concentrations of small lakes[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2001,126(3):363-383.
[39] 王成,赵艳萍,谢鸣捷.苏南典型工农业交错区土壤Pb富集特征及源解析——基于PCA-PMF方法[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021,41(1):279-287.Wang C, Zhao Y P, Xie M J. Characteristics of lead enrichment in the soil from a typical peri-urban agricultural area of the southern Jiangsu and source appointment based on the PCA-PMF method[J]. China Environmental Science, 2021,41(1):279-287.
[40] 柴磊,王新,马良,等.基于PMF模型的兰州耕地土壤重金属来源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(9):3919-3929.Chai L, Wang X, Ma L, et al. Sources appointment of heavy metals in cultivated soils of Lanzhou based on PMF models[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(9):3919-3929.
[41] 张慧,郑志志,杨欢,等.基于多元统计和地统计的肇源县表层土壤重金属来源辨析[J]. 土壤, 2017,49(4):819-827.Zhang H, Zheng Z Z, Yang H, et al. Discrimination of heavy metal sources in topsoil in Zhaoyuan county based on multivariate statistics and geostatistical[J]. Soils, 2017,49(4):819-827.
[42] Jia Y Y, Wang L, Qu Z P, et al. Distribution, contamination and accumulation of heavy metals in water, sediments, and freshwater shellfish from Liuyang River, Southern China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018,25(7):7012-7020.
[43] Imin B, Abliz A, Shi Q D, et al. Quantitatively assessing the risks and possible sources of toxic metals in soil from an arid, coal-dependent industrial region in NW China[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2020,212:106505.