Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on diurnal variations of soil respiration rate in the grassland and farm withdrawing cultivation on Loess Hilly-gully Region
1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; 2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
Abstract:In order to explore the response characteristics of soil respiration (Rs)and its components (heterotrophic respiration, Rh; and autotrophic respiration, Ra) to N and P additions in the grassland and farm withdrawing cultivation, a field split-plot experiment was performed including: [main-plots with 0, 50, and 100kg N/(hm2·a)]; and [subplots: with 0, 40 and 80kg P2O5/(hm2·a)]. Such treatments were made every month from May to August in 2019 and for each treatment, these treatments were made: diurnal variations of Rs and Rhand Ra, soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content. Results showed that the diurnal variations of Rs and its two components (i.e. Rh and Ra) showed single-peak curves across all N and P addition treatments, and all reached the maximum values between 12:00~14:00. Compared with no fertilization treatment (CK), Rs, Rh and Ra increased significantly under N addition by 7.31%~13.13%, 1.12%~12.43% and 7.64%~46.26%, respectively, and increased significantly under P addition by 16.84%~18.42%, 11.48%~14.22% and 17.15%~29.59% respectively. N and P combined addition increased Rs, Rh and Ra by 24.17%~27.30%, 21.94%~32.43% and 34.05%~41.26%, respectively. The daytime proportions of whole day carbon emissions from Rs, Rh and Ra under different N and P addition treatments accounted for 52.68%~61.37%, 50.92%~58.70% and 51.39%~76.35%, respectively. The cumulative CO2emission was the highest at 2012g/m2 under a treatment of 50kg N/(hm2·a) combined with 80kg P2O5/(hm2·a), and the lowest appeared under no fertilization treatment at 1531g/m2. Rs and its two components (Rh and Ra) were significantly positively correlated with the soil temperature (Ts), and their temperature sensitivity (Q10) ranged from 1.19 to 1.86, 1.08 to 1.81, and 1.11 to 3.67, respectively. N and P decreased the Q10 values of Rh, but increased the Q10 values of Ra. In summary, N and P additions increase the rates of Rs and its two components, but decreased the temperature sensitivity of Rh, and the effect of N and P addition on soil respiration rate were related to N and P addition amounts and their ratios.
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