酸法地浸铀矿山退役采区地下水污染运移与水力控制模拟

邱文杰; 周根茂; 储建民; 丁印权; 杨蕴; 朱婷; 吴剑锋; 吴吉春

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5) : 2558-2568.

水污染与控制

酸法地浸铀矿山退役采区地下水污染运移与水力控制模拟

邱文杰¹, 周根茂², 储建民¹, 丁印权², 杨蕴³, 朱婷², 吴剑锋¹, 吴吉春¹

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Numerical modeling of the groundwater contaminant transport and hydraulic control in a decommissioned acid in-situ leaching uranium mine

QIU Wen-jie¹, ZHOU Gen-mao², CHU Jian-min¹, DING Yin-quan², YANG Yun³, ZHU Ting², WU Jian-feng¹, WU Ji-chun¹

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摘要

以新疆某酸法地浸铀矿山退役采区为研究对象,通过分析退役采区长时间序列地下水监测数据,并采用数值模拟方法构建了三维非稳定含矿含水层地下水流与污染组分(U（Ⅵ）和SO₄^2-)运移的模拟模型,为退役采区地下水环境安全提供合理的水力控制方案.研究结果表明,采区退役后的地下水流场总体上与天然流场方向一致;地下水中高浓度U（Ⅵ）和SO₄^2-在采区内部大量残留,并在地下水动力作用下逐渐往下游迁移和扩散.模型能较好地再现退役采区的地下水位变化趋势,并成功模拟了采区内部U()Ⅵ和SO₄^2-往下游迁移扩散的过程,表明水力控制是保证未来条件下采区下游地下水环境生态安全的重要手段.通过对3种水力控制抽注模式的分析结果显示,内外兼抽方案的控制效果最好.进一步利用综合评价方法对各情景方案进行了定量评价,结果表明在采区内部及其下游分别设置3口抽水井和6口抽水井,并将抽水速率控制在60m³/d的方案相对最优,该方案以较低的成本实现了采区内部削源和下游水力截获的双重目标,使污染组分能够控制在50m范围以内.本研究利用构建的数值模型,针对未来规划条件下的水力控制方案进行了优选,为退役矿区地下水环境安全提供科学决策依据,同时也为类似地浸采铀退役矿山的治理提供示范参考.

Abstract

This study focuses on a decommissioned mining area of acid in-situ leaching in Xinjiang. By analyzing long-term groundwater monitoring data, a three-dimensional transient groundwater flow and contaminant solute transport model was developed to simulate the migration of contaminant species (U(Ⅵ) and SO₄^2- ) in the ore-bearing aquifer. The study aims to provide a reasonable hydraulic control strategy to ensure the groundwater environmental safety in the decommissioned mining area. The results indicate that the post-decommissioning groundwater flow field is generally consistent with the direction of the natural flow field. High concentrations of U (Ⅵ) and SO₄^2- remains extensively in the mining area and gradually migrate and diffuse downstream under the influence of groundwater dynamics. The constructed model successfully reproduces the observed groundwater level trends in the decommissioned mining area and accurately simulates the downstream migration and diffusion of U（Ⅵ） and SO₄^2- from within the mining area. This demonstrates that hydraulic control is a crucial measure for ensuring the ecological safety of the downstream groundwater environment in future conditions. Analysis of three hydraulic control pumping schemes revealed that a combined internal and external pumping strategy yielded the best control results. Using a comprehensive evaluation method to quantitatively assess each scenario, the optimal solution was determined to involve installing six pumping wells downstream and three pumping wells within the mining area, each operating at a pumping rate of 60m³/day. This approach achieves effective source reduction within the site and hydraulic containment downstream, keeping contaminant migration within a 50m range at relatively low cost. By employing the developed numerical model to compare and select hydraulic control strategies under future planning conditions, this study provides a scientific basis for decision-making on groundwater environmental safety in the mining area and offers valuable insights for the remediation of similar decommissioned in-situ leaching uranium mines.

导出引用

邱文杰, 周根茂, 储建民, 丁印权, 杨蕴, 朱婷, 吴剑锋, 吴吉春. 酸法地浸铀矿山退役采区地下水污染运移与水力控制模拟[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(5): 2558-2568

QIU Wen-jie, ZHOU Gen-mao, CHU Jian-min, DING Yin-quan, YANG Yun, ZHU Ting, WU Jian-feng, WU Ji-chun. Numerical modeling of the groundwater contaminant transport and hydraulic control in a decommissioned acid in-situ leaching uranium mine[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(5): 2558-2568

中图分类号： X753 P641

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