Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) based on analyzing V3~V6 variable regions of bacterial 16S rDNA, were used to examine the microbial community structure and diversity in different saline-alkaline soils (saline soil, strongly salinized soil and slight salinized soil) and soil depths (0~20cm, 20~30cm) in the Hetao Area of Inner Mongolia. Their physical and chemical properties were measured, respectively. Experimental results showed that bacterial community structure and diversity decreased with the different saline-alkaline soil (slight salinized soil > strongly salinized soil > saline soil)and declined with soil depths (0~20cm > 20~30cm). Shannon-Wiener index of bacterial community in slight salinized soil was the highest value (3.36), while it was only 3.05 and 2.49 in strongly salinized soil and saline soil. The cluster analysis of DGGE bands showed that the bacterial community structure and diversity formed two distinct clusters 0~20cm and 20~30cm. Shannon-Wiener index of bacterial community in 0~20cm layer (saline soil 3.04, strongly salinized soil 3.29, slight salinized soil 3.36) were higher than 20~30cm layer (saline soil2.49, strongly salinized soil 3.05, slight salinized soil 3.14). Analyses of Pearson correlation and CCA revealed that variations of bacterial community structure were mainly affected by contents of w(EC), pH, w(SOC), w(TP). The soil bacteria diversification index has a negative correlation with the w(EC)(r=-0.542,P < 0.05)、pH(r=-0.526,P < 0.05), and bacterial community diversity exhibited very significant positive correlation with w(SOC)(r=0.700,P < 0.01) and w(TP)(r=0.805,P < 0.01). w(EC) and pH were the the greatest influence in saline-alkaline soils. Twenty bands were excised from the DGGE gel and re-amplified for 16S rDNA sequencing. Based on the sequencing results, eleven bands can be identified as related to Proteobacteria. These results provide evidence that Proteobacteria are the domain bacterial communities in different saline-alkaline soils of Hetao Area of Inner Mongolia. Saline-alkali soils were mostly bacterial strains belonging to tolerant salty.
李新, 焦燕, 代钢, 杨铭德, 温慧洋. 内蒙古河套灌区不同盐碱程度的土壤细菌群落多样性[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(1): 249-260.
LI Xin, JIAO Yan, DAI Gang, YANG Ming-de, WEN Hui-yang. Soil bacterial community diversity under different degrees of saline-alkaline in the Hetao Area of Inner Mongolia. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2016, 36(1): 249-260.
Niemi R M, Heiskanen I, Wallenius K, et al. Extraction and purification of DNA in rhizosphere soil samples for PCR-DGGE analysis of bacterial consortia[J]. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2001,45(3):155-165.
Constancias F, Prevost-Boure NC, Terrat S, et al. Microscale evidence for a high decrease of soil bacterial density and diversity by cropping[J]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2014, 34(4):831-840.
[16]
Sugden A M. Ecology:diversity and ecosystem resilience[J]. Science, 2000,290(5490):233-235.
Mann L, Tolbert V. Soil sustainability in renewable biomass plantings[J]. Ambio, 2000,29(8):492-498.
[19]
Walter K D, Margaret K B, Courtney S C, et al. Biological properties of soil and subsurface sediments under abandoned pasture and cropland[J]. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 1997,28(7):837-846.
Dong X L, Reddy G B. Soil bacterial communities in constructed wetlands treated with swine wastewater using PCR-DGGE technique[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010,101(4):1175-1182.
[25]
Smalla K, Wieland G, Buchner A, et al. Bulk and rhizosphere,soil bacterial communities studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis:plant-dependent enrichment and seasonal shifts revealed[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2001,67:4742-4751.
[26]
王遵亲.中国盐渍土[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1993.
[27]
鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M]. 3版.北京:中国农业出版社, 2000.
[28]
Lyautey E, Lacoste B, Ten-Hage L, et al. Analysis of bacterial diversity in river biofilms using 16S r DNA PCR-DGGE:methodological settings and fingerprints interpretation[J]. Water Research, 2005,39(2/3):380-388.
Moschetti G, Aponte M, Blaiotta G, et al. Characterization of halophilic archaea isolated from different hypersaline ecosystems[J]. Annals of microbiology, 2006,56(2):119-127.
[31]
Lehendre P, Gallagher E D. Ecologically meaningful transformations for ordination of species data[J]. Oecologia, 2001,129(2):271-280.
Garland J L, Mills A L. Classification and characterization of heterotrophic microbial communities on the basis of patterns of community-level sole-carbon-source utilization[J]. Applied and environmental microbiology, 1991,57(8):2351-2359.
Garcia-Gil J C, Plaza C, Soler-Rovira P, et al. Long-term effects of municipal solid waste compost application on soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2000,(32):1907-1913.
Yu S, He Z L, Huang C Y. Advances in their search of soil microorganisms and their mediated processes under heavy metal stress[J]. The Journal of Applied Ecoloyg, 2003,14:618-622.
[41]
Christopher D C. Impact of cattle grazing and inorganic fertiliser additions to managed grasslands on the microbial community composition of soils[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2006,31(1/2):73-82.
[42]
Singh B K, Nunan N, Ridgway K P, et al. Relationship between assemblages of my corrhizal fungi and bacteria on grass roots[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2008,10(2):534-541.
[43]
Vega-Jarquin C, Garcia-Mendoza M, Jablonowski N, et al. Rapid immobilization of applied nitrogen in saline-alkaline soils[J]. Plant and Soil, 2003,256:379-388.
[44]
Fernandez-Luqueno F, Marsch R, Espinosa-Victoria D, et al. Remediation of PAHs in a saline-alkaline soil amended with waste water sludge and the effect on dynamics of C and N[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2008,402:18-28.
Araujo A S F, Borges C D, Tsai S M, et al. Soil bacterial diversity in degraded and restored lands of Northeast Brazil[J]. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2014,106(5):891-899.
[47]
Killham K. Soil ecology[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1994.
[48]
Griffiths R I, Whitelely A S, O'donnell A G, et al. Physiological and community responses of established grassland bacterial populations to water Stress[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2003,69(12):6961-6968.
[49]
邵明安,王全九,黄明斌.土壤物理学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[50]
Hanada S, Takaichi S, Matsuura K, et al. Roseiflexus castenholziigen. nov. sp.nov., a thermophilic, filamentous, photosynthetic bacterium that lacks chlorosome[J]. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2002,52:187-193.
