典型城市冬季PM<sub>2.5</sub>水溶性离子污染特征与传输规律研究

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摘要

选取北京和石家庄两个监测点，于2014年冬季进行了PM_2.5样品采集，分析研究了PM_2.5及水溶性离子组分污染特征，并应用WRF-CAMx模型对采样时段进行了模拟，分析了观测期间PM_2.5和二次离子组分区域传输贡献情况.结果表明，采样期间北京PM_2.5质量浓度为（116.6±87.0）μg/m³.水溶性离子质量浓度为（45.3±40.6）μg/m³.其中SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺质量浓度分别为（13.3±13.6）μg/m³、（14.8±15.1）μg/m³和（9.1±7.2）μg/m³；石家庄污染水平高于北京，PM_2.5浓度为（267.7±166.7）μg/m³.总水溶性离子、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺质量浓度分别（111.8±104.3）μg/m³、（36.6±36.5）μg/m³、（28.5±29.3）μg/m³和（25.5±29.8）μg/m³.两处采样点SOR与NOR分别为0.12、0.10（北京）和0.11、0.14（石家庄），冬季大气氧化性相对较弱，非均相氧化是主要二次转化原理.数值模拟结果显示，北京、石家庄城区1月PM_2.5受区域传输贡献分别为28.1%和28.3%，高浓度时段外来源贡献有所上升.二次离子中两地NO₃^-传输作用均强于SO₄^2-.

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关键词 ： PM_2.5, 水溶性离子, 二次转化率, WRF-CAMx, 区域传输

Abstract：

In this study, PM_2.5 samples were collected in Beijing and Shijiazhuang in winter, 2014. The characteristics of PM_2.5 and its water-soluble ions component were investigated. Then the WRF-CAMx modeling system was developed to examine the regional transportation impact of PM_2.5 and secondary inorganic species within the same period of sample collection. The result showed the concentration of PM_2.5 in Beijing during sample collecting period was (116.6±87.0)μg/m³. Total water-soluble ions concentration was (45.3±40.6)μg/m³, and the concentration of SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ were (13.3±13.6)μg/m³, (14.8±15.1)μg/m³ and (9.1±7.2)μg/m³, respectively. The PM_2.5 pollution in Shijiazhuang was more serious than Beijing, which could be found through the result that the concentration of PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang was (267.7±166.7)μg/m³. The concentration of total water-soluble ions, SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ were (111.8 ±104.3)μg/m³, (36.6±36.5)μg/m³, (28.5±29.3)μg/m³ and (25.5±29.8)μg/m³, respectively. SOR and NOR in two sites was 0.12, 0.10 (Beijing) and 0.11, 0.14 (Shijiazhuang), respectively. Atmospheric oxidation effect in winter was relatively weaker. Heterogeneous oxidation was the mainly mechanism of aerosol reaction. The simulation results showed the contribution of regional transportation to urban area of Beijing and Shijiazhuang in January was 28.1% and 28.3%, respectively, and the increased regional contribution were found during heavy pollution period. The regional transportation contribution of NO₃^- was much higher than that of SO₄^2- in both sites.

Key words： PM_2.5 water-soluble ions secondary reaction ratio WRF-CAMx regional transportation

收稿日期: 2016-01-12

X573

基金资助:

国家自然科技基金（91544232）

通讯作者: 程水源,教授,chengsy@bjut.edu.cn E-mail: chengsy@bjut.edu.cn

作者简介: 王晓琦(1991-),男,吉林松原人,北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院博士研究生,主要从事环境规划管理与污染防治方面的研究.

引用本文:

王晓琦, 周颖, 程水源, 王刚. 典型城市冬季PM_2.5水溶性离子污染特征与传输规律研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(8): 2289-2296. WANG Xiao-qi, ZHOU Ying, CHENG Shui-yuan, WANG Gang. Characterization and regional transmission impact of water-soluble ions in PM_2.5 during winter in typical cities. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2016, 36(8): 2289-2296.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2016/V36/I8/2289

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