Abstract：Based on the multi-sectoral system analysis (MSA) model, the present study firstly simulated the nitrogen metabolism flows involving the water sector, the food sector, the forestry department, the energy sector and the waste management department in Suzhou. Secondly, the key sectors and steps of urban nitrogen metabolism were recognized. Thirdly, four targeted recycle technologies of nitrogen were selected: Urine Source Separation Technology, Pyrolysis of Separated Sludge Technology, Livestock Manure Pyrolysis Technology and Algal Water Purification. The impacts of these technologies together with their combined scenarios on the urban nitrogen metabolism were discussed. The intention of this analysis is to provide decision support for the optimization control of urban nitrogen. The main conclusions are as follows: The nitrogen input of Suzhou was 1.6′106t/y, 90% of which was from coal and natural gas. The energy sector, food sector and water sector contained steps which were crucial to the recycling of nitrogen. Better effects for the optimization of nitrogen metabolism can be produced by increasing the number of combination circumstance. This could potentially lead to a 52% increase of nitrogen metabolic efficiency at most. Such an increase would be a great contribution to the construction of a low nitrogen society.
Wang K, Yu S, Zhang W. China's regional energy and environmental efficiency: a DEA window analysis based dynamic evaluation [J]. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 2013, 58(5):1117-1127.
Forkes J, Forkes J. Nitrogen balance for the urban food metabolism of Toronto, Canada [J]. Resources, conservation and recycling, 2007,52(1):74-94.
[6]
University of Technology: Vienna. Baker L A, Hope D, Xu Y, et al. Nitrogen Balance for the Central Arizona–Phoenix (CAP) Ecosystem [J]. Ecosystems, 2001,4(6):582-602.
[7]
F?rge J, Magid J, Vries F. Urban nutrient balance for Bangkok [J]. Ecological modelling, 2001,139(1):63-74.
Mitchell V G, Cleugh H A, Grimmond C S B, et al. Linking urban water balance and energy balance models to analyse urban design options [J]. Hydrological Processes, 2008,22(16):2891-2900.
[11]
Doyle P. Modelling catchment evaporation: An objective comparison of the penman and morton approaches [J]. Hydrology, 1990,121(1-4):257–276.
[12]
Sonesson U, Jönsson H, Mattsson B. Postconsumption sewage Treatment in Environmental Systems Analysis of Foods [J]. Industrial Ecology, 2004,8(3):51-64.
[13]
Dunne T, Leopold L B. Water in Environmental Planning [M]. W. H. Freeman & Co Ltd, 1978.
[14]
Sonesson U, Jönsson H, Mattsson B. Postconsumption sewage treatment in environmental systems analysis of foods [J]. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2004,8(3):51-64.
[15]
Es G, Dm S, Cg C, et al. Estimating plant-available nitrogen release from manures, composts, and specialty products [J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006,35(6):2321-2332.
[16]
Turan N G. Nitrogen availability in composted poultry litter using natural amendments [J]. Waste Management & Research, 2009, 27(1):19-24.
[17]
Sullivan D M, Nartea T J, Bary A I, et al. Nitrogen availability and decomposition of urban yard trimmings in soil [J]. Soil. Science, 2004,169(10):697-707.
[18]
Lundin M, Bengtsson M, Molander S. Life cycle assessment of wastewater systems: influence of system boundaries and scale on calculated environmental loads [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2000,34(1):180-186.
[19]
Eggleston H S, Buendia L, Miwa K, et al. IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories [J]. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Japan, 2006,2:48-56.
[20]
Baxter L, Mitchell R E, Fletcher T H, et al. Nitrogen release during coal combustion [J]. Energy & Fuels, 1996,10(1):188-196.
[21]
Eghball B, Wienhold B J, Woodbury B L, et al. Plant availability of phosphorus in swine slurry and cattle feedlot manure. [J]. Agronomy Journal, 2005,97(2):542-548.
[22]
Scott J, Beydoun D, Amal R, et al. Landfill management, leachate generation, and leach testing of solid wastes in australia and overseas [J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2007,35(3):239-332.
Danius L A B O. Regional material flow analysis and data uncertainties: Can the results be trusted [M]. 2001,10-12.
[25]
Shu L, Schneider P, Jegatheesan, V, et al. An economic evaluation of phosphorus recovery as struvite from digester supernatant. [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2006,97(17):2211–2216.
