贵州“两控区”城市PM<sub>2.5</sub>及其阴阳离子污染特征

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摘要 2015年3月~2016年2月，对贵州主要城市（包括贵阳、安顺、遵义、毕节、都匀）9个采样点和贵州省背景点雷公山的PM_2.5按照季节进行采样，分析PM_2.5污染特征及其中9种阴阳离子的分布特征.结果表明：PM_2.5平均质量浓度范围为13.84~167.17μg/m³，从季节分布上看，冬春>秋夏，从空间分布上看，贵阳市区PM_2.5污染较重，平均质量浓度为（80.15±30.18）μg/m³.PM_2.5样品中总阴阳离子浓度范围为7.85~47.02μg/m³，SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺（SNA）占PM_2.5质量浓度比重范围为10.00~68.48%，从季节分布上看，夏冬>秋春，从空间分布上看，背景点贵阳高坡、雷公山SNA占PM_2.5质量浓度平均比重较大，分别为41.45%、53.45%.AE/CE平均值为1.53，总体呈弱酸性.NH₄⁺与SO₄^2-的相关性（R=0.67）大于NH₄⁺与NO₃^-的相关性（R=0.33），Ca²⁺与Mg²⁺的相关性（R=0.57）明显.与其他城市相比，研究区[NO₃^-]/[SO₄^2-]较低，均值为0.29，表明贵州主要城市PM_2.5受固定源影响较大，大气污染以煤烟型为主.

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	阴丽淑
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	杨慧妮

关键词 ： PM_2.5, 阴阳离子, 细粒子, 雾霾

Abstract：PM_2.5 samples were seasonally collected in 9 sites of several cities of Guizhou province (including Guiyang, Anshun, Zunyi, Bijie, Duyun) and one background site of Leigong Mountain during March 2015 to February 2016. Characteristics of PM_2.5 pollution and distributional characteristics of nine ions in PM_2.5 were analyzed. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_2.5 was 13.84~167.17μg/m³. The seasonal distribution showed that the average concentrations of PM_2.5 were higher in spring and winter than in autumn and summer. The spatial distribution showed that the pollution of PM_2.5 was more serious in Guiyang, with the average mass concentration of (80.15±30.18)μg/m³. The total ions concentrations in PM_2.5 samples were 7.85~47.02μg/m³. SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺(SNA) were the dominant ions in PM_2.5, which accounted for 10.00~68.48% of the mass concentration of PM_2.5. In the perspective of seasonal distribution, the mass ratio of SNA/PM_2.5 was higher in winter and summer than in autumn and spring, however, in the perspective of seasonal distribution, the mass ratio of SNA/PM_2.5 in Gaopo and Leigong Mountain was 41.45% and 53.45%, respectively. Basically, PM_2.5 samples were acidulous and the average ratio of AE/CE of PM_2.5 was 1.53. The degree of correlation between NH₄⁺ and SO₄^2-(R=0.67) was higher than that between NH₄⁺ and NO₃^-(R=0.33). The correlation between Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ (R=0.57) was obvious. The mean value of[NO₃^-]/[SO₄^2-] in the target area was 0.29, lower than that in other cities. It indicated that stationary emissions were dominant source of PM_2.5 in Guizhou province and the air pollution mainly belonged to coal-burning pattern.

Key words： PM_2.5 ions pollution characteristics haze

收稿日期: 2016-06-20

PACS:

X831

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目（41265008）；贵州省重点学科建设项目（黔学位合字ZDXK[2016]11号）；贵州省环境保护厅环境科技项目（黔环科[2011]6号）

通讯作者: 李金娟,教授,summy_lee@163.com E-mail: summy_lee@163.com

作者简介: 阴丽淑(1992-),女,满族,贵州贵阳人,贵州大学硕士研究生,研究方向:大气污染与控制.

引用本文:

阴丽淑, 李金娟, 郭兴强, 刘小春, 杨慧妮. 贵州“两控区”城市PM_2.5及其阴阳离子污染特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, 37(2): 416-423. YIN Li-shu, LI Jin-juan, GUO Xing-qiang, LIU Xiao-chun, YANG Hui-ni. Pollution characteristics of concentrations and it's ions in PM_2.5 of sulfur and acid-rain Control Zone Cities, Guizhou Province. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2017, 37(2): 416-423.

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http://manu36.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_zghjkx/CN/ 或 http://manu36.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_zghjkx/CN/Y2017/V37/I2/416

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