In this manuscript, the Cu-NWs conductive microfiltration membrane, obtained via phase inversion method, was prepared by dosing moderate Cu-nanowires (Cu-NWs) into conventional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) casting solution. The filtration and conductivity properties of obtained conductive membrane were characterized. Finally, the efficiency of pollutant removal and membrane fouling behaviour were investigated in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system with the prepared conductive microfiltration membrane for long-term operation. It provided a new route for the stable operation of MBR system with low cost. With dosing a certain amount of Cu-NWs, the membrane flux of prepared conductive microfiltration membrane was 721.9L/(m2·h) and its surface contact angle was 57.9°, which were better than those of commercial PVDF microfiltration membrane. The initial potential, ohmic resistance and activation resistance were 315mV, 2.4Ω and 6.9Ω, respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed an excellent conductive network in the active layer of membrane. The removal rates of the established MBR system with prepared conductive microfiltration membrane were 91.5% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 99.3% for NH4+-N, 76.3% for total nitrogen (TN) and 76.2% for total phosphorus (TP), which were higher than those of the control MBR system. Over 146-d operation, the TMP was always lower than 25kPa and the membrane cleaning was not needed. The Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis showed that the main contaminants on the membrane surface were proteins and polysaccharides, and the content of EPS on membrane surface was much lower than that of commercial PVDF membrane. The novel Cu-NWs conductive microfiltration membrane with good stability, durability and antifouling property showed a promising prospect.
Wang Z H, Yu H R, Xia J F, et al. Novel GO-blended PVDF ultrafiltration membranes[J]. Desalination, 2012,299:50-54.
[2]
Villamil J A, Monsalvo V M, Lopez J, et al. Fouling control in membrane bioreactors with sewage-sludge based adsorbents[J]. Water Research, 2016,105:65-75.
[3]
Shao L, Cheng A Q, Wang Z X, et al. Tuning the performance of polypyrrole-based solvent-resistant composite nanofiltration membranes by optimizing polymerization conditions and incorporating graphene oxide[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 452:82-89.
[4]
Norihiro I. Role of polymer chain end groups in plasma modification for surface metallization of polymeric materials[J]. Polymer International, 2009,58(6):585-593.
[5]
Wang L, Wei J F, Zhao K Y, et al. Preparation and characterization of high-hydrophilic polyhydroxy functional PP hollow fiber membrane[J]. Materials Letters, 2015,159:189-192.
Wu H, Mansouri J, Chen V. Silica nanoparticles as carriers of antifouling ligands for PVDF ultrafiltration membranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2013,433(15):135-151.
[8]
Li J H. Shao X S, Zhou Q, et al. The double effects of silver nanoparticles on the PVDF membrane:Surface hydrophilicity and antifouling performance[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2013,265:663-670.
[9]
Minehara H, Dan K, Ito Y, et al. Quantitative evaluation of fouling resistance of PVDF/PMMA-g-PEO polymer blend membranes for membrane bioreactor[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014,466:211-219.
[10]
Liu JD, Liu LF, Gao B, et al. Integration of microbial fuel cell with independent membrane cathode bioreactor for power generation, membrane fouling mitigation and wastewater treatment[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014,39(31):17865-17872.
[11]
Li Y J, Liu L F, Liu J D, et al. PPy/AQS(9, 10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid) and PPy/ARS (Alizarin Red's) modified stainless steel mesh as cathode membrane in an integrated MBR/MFC system[J]. Desalination, 2014,349:94-101.
[12]
Li Y H, Liu L F, Yang F L, et al. Performance of carbon fiber cathode membrane with C-Mn-Fe-O catalyst in MBR-MFC for wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2015,484:27-34.
[13]
Li Y H, Liu L F, Yang F L. High flux carbon fiber cloth membrane with thin catalyst coating integrates bio-electricity generation in wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2016,505:130-137.
[14]
Li N, Liu L F, Yang F L. Power generation enhanced by a polyaniline-phytic acid modified filter electrode integrating microbial fuel cell with membrane bioreactor[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2014,132:213-217.
[15]
Chen C N, Yu C W, Fu X W, et al. Synthesis of graphite oxide-wrapped CuO nanocomposites for electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose[J]. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2014,44(44):1521-1525.
[16]
Jin M S, He G, Zhang H, et al. Shape-controlled synthesis of copper nanocrystals in an aqueous solution with glucose as a reducing agent and hexadecylamine as a capping agent[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2011,50:10560-10564.
[17]
Liu J M, Wang X H, Wang Z W, et al. Integrating microbial fuel cells with anaerobic acidification and forward osmosis membrane for enhancing bio-electricity and water recovery from low-strength wastewater[J]. Water Research, 2017,110:74-82.
Kumar R, Singh L, Zularisam AW, et al. Potential of porous Co3O4 nanorods as cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in microbial fuel cells[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016,220:537-542.
[20]
Tian Y, Li H, Li L P, et al. In-situ integration of microbial fuel cell with hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment and membrane fouling mitigation[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronic, 2015, 64:189-195.
[21]
Tan X P, Liu Y J, Yan K H, et al. Differences in the response of soil dehydrogenase activity to Cd contamination are determined by the different substrates used for its determination[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 169:324-332.
[22]
Wang Y K, Li W W, Sheng G P, et al. In-situ utilization of generated electricity in an electrochemical membrane bioreactor to mitigate membrane fouling[J]. Water Research, 2013,47(15):5794-800.
[23]
Ning X A, Wen W B, Zhang Y P, et al. Enhanced dewaterability of textile dyeing sludge using micro-electrolysis pretreatment[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2015,161:181-187.
Zhu Z Y, Wang L, Li Q Q. Bioactive poly (vinylidene fluoride)/graphene oxide@acylase nanohybrid membrane:Enhanced anti-biofouling based on quorum quenching[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2018,547:110-122.
[26]
Saf A O, Akin I, Zor E, et al. Preparation of a novel PSf membrane containing rGO/PTh and its physical properties and membrane performance[J]. The Royal Society of Chemistry Advance, 2015, 5(53):42422-42429.
Ma M, You S J, Gong X B, et al. Silver/iron oxide/graphitic carbon composites as bacteriostatic catalysts for enhancing oxygen reduction in microbial fuel cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015,283:74-83.
[30]
Huang L H, Li X F, Ren Y P, et al. Preparation of conductive microfiltration membrane and its performance in a coupled configuration of membrane bioreactor with microbial fuel cell[J]. Rsc Advances, 2017,7(34):20824-20832.
[31]
Hou Y, Yuan H Y, Wen Z H, et al. Nitrogen-doped graphene/CoNi alloy encased within bamboo-like carbon nanotube hybrids as cathode catalysts in microbial fuel cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 307:561-568.
Malaeb L, Katuri KP, Logan BE, et al. A hybrid microbial fuel cell membrane bioreactor with a conductive ultrafiltration membrane biocathode for wastewater treatment[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013,47:11821-11828.
[34]
周生学.直流电刺激对细菌生长动态过程的作用研究[D]. 北京:首都师范大学物理化学, 2009.
[35]
Fleszar B, Po?Szyńska J. An attempt to define benzene and phenol electrochemical oxidation mechanism[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 1985,30(1):31-42.
[36]
Yang X L, Song H L, Chen M, et al. Characterizing membrane foulants in MBR with addition of polyferric chloride to enhance phosphorus removal[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011,102(20):9490-9496.
[37]
GB18918-2002城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准[S].
[38]
Meng F G, Chae S R, Drews A, et al. Recent advances in membrane bioreactors (MBRs):Membrane fouling and membrane material[J]. Water Research, 2009,43:1489-1512.
[39]
Wang J, Bi F H, Ngo H, et al. Evaluation of energy-distribution of a hybrid microbial fuel cell-membrane bioreactor (MFC-MBR) for cost-effective wastewater treatment[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016,200:420-425.
Liew M K H, Fane A G, Rogers P L. Hydraulic resistance and fouling of microfilters by Candida utilis in fermentation broth[J]. Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 1995,48(2):108-117.
