1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China; 2. Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China; 3. Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Abstract：How artificial surfactant Tween 80 in groundwater affect ubiquitous tetrachloroethylene (PCE) migration and distribution in coarse porous media was investigated in this work. Batch experiments were first conducted to measure the contact angles and interfacial tensions (IFT) between PCE and quartz surface in water containing different amount of Tween 80. Results showed that the contact angle increased and IFT decreased with the increased concentration of Tween 80, and the effects were more obvious near the CMC value. Three 2-D sandboxexperiments were then conducted.Correspondingly, Tween 80 showed strong effects on the migration and distribution of PCE in the coarse porous media due to its ability to change the medium wettability from water-wet into intermediate/NAPL-wet. The presence of surfactant in the background solution decreased the vertical migration rate of DNAPL, decreased the vertical migration distance, and eventually increased the residual PCE trapped in the migration path. Compared with the situation without surfactant, the Tween 80 in groundwater weakened the tendency of PCE plumes deflect to the direction of water flow. Compared with the water-only case, the distribution area of PCE plumes decreased significantly in the vertical direction, but the amount of DNAPL residues with greater saturation increased.
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