Temporal-spatial variation and health effects of trace metals in PM2.5 in four central-western cities of China
XING Qiong-yu, DAI Qi-li, BI Xiao-hui, WU Jian-hui, ZHANG Yu-fen, TIAN Ying-ze, FENG Yin-chang
Nankai University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin 300350, China
To investigate the regional distribution, seasonal variation and health effects of trace metals in atmospheric fine particles, PM2.5 samples were collected from four central-western cities in China (Xi'an, Urumqi, Luoyang and Lanzhou). The concentrations of nine trace metals (V, Cr, Cd, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb) in PM2.5 was measured by ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry). The predominant trace metals during sampling campaigns were Mn, Zn, Pb, and Pb in Xi'an, Urumqi, Luoyang, and Lanzhou, respectively. The spatial-temporal variations of these predominant trace metals were varied with cities. In addition, the other trace metals presented different spatial distributions and seasonal variation patterns. The spatial difference of the particulate trace metals was further explored by using the coefficient of divergence analysis. The composition of trace metals in Luoyang and various urban particles was very different. Because the CD value of trace metals in Luoyang and other urban particles was about 0.4.But the CD values of Xi'an and Urumqi and Lanzhou were almost less than 0.2. The composition was similar. Health risk assessment showed that Cr had both significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk effects to adults. The carcinogenic risks of Cd and As to residents of the four cities were more significant than other metals, while Ni had no obvious effects. There was a certain threat to human health in the research environment for a long-term. Moreover, the health risks of trace metals to the public showed seasonal variation patterns. The ILCR values of all trace metals were higher than 10-6, As, Cd and Cr had a cancer risk that exceeded the safety level (10-4), with the highest cancer risks of Cr and As occurred in the spring and winter. The results highlighted that there is a certain threat to the residents in the case of subjecting to a long-term exposure.
邢琼予, 戴启立, 毕晓辉, 吴建会, 张裕芬, 田瑛泽, 冯银厂. 我国中西部典型城市PM2.5中痕量金属的时空分布特征和健康影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019, 39(2): 574-582.
XING Qiong-yu, DAI Qi-li, BI Xiao-hui, WU Jian-hui, ZHANG Yu-fen, TIAN Ying-ze, FENG Yin-chang. Temporal-spatial variation and health effects of trace metals in PM2.5 in four central-western cities of China. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2019, 39(2): 574-582.
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