Characterizing the near-surface vertical variations of summertime O3 in Jiaxing
HE Guo-wen1, WU Dui1,2, WU Cheng1, LI Mei1, DENG Tao2, WU Wei-chao3, LI Li3, CHENG Peng1, YUAN Qian3, ZHANG Ying-long3, SONG Lang1, SUN Jia-yin1, TAO Li-ping1, LIANG Yue1, TAN Jian1, ZHOU Zhen1
1. Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Online Atmospheric Pollution Source Appointment Mass Spectrometry System, Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; 2. Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510640; 3. Jiaxing Environmental Monitoring Station, Jiaxing 314000, China
Abstract：Based on O3 surface data in 2018 from 14 monitor stations and meteorological factors of Jiaxing city, Zhejiang Province, this study analyzed the relationship between O3 and meteorological factors. The vertical profile of O3 was characterized by a differential absorption O3 lidar. Temperature and relative humidity were the dominating factors for high concentration O3 pollution, with the range of 24~36℃ and 36%~77%, respectively. The temperature above 24℃ and the relative humidity below 77% can be used as the meteorological threshold for early warning of O3 pollution. The O3 lidar results showed that the vertical O3profiles were similar between episodic and clean days, which exhibited an O3 peak between 600~800m, while the O3 concentrations decreased beyond this range. During the O3 episodic period, O3 was transported downward to the ground~level from noon to afternoon. This superposition of near-surface ozone and ground-level ozone aggravates ground-level O3 pollution, leading to an exceedance of air quality standard for O3 at both near-surface and ground-level. The O3 below 800m was relatively constant at night and in the early morning. Ground-level O3 increased rapidly after sunrise until reaching a peak in the afternoon. O3 decreased gradually in the later afternoon. The backward trajectories clustering analysis showed that there was a similarity in the clusters of air masses at 10m, 500m, and 1000m. Air masses that traveled along the coastline of Fujian and Zhejiang provinces at 500m exhibited higher O3 than the air masses from the ocean at 10m. That was related to the transport accumulation of the precursors and the stronger ultraviolet radiation at 500m. During the episodic events, the near-surface air masses exhibited an unchanged height. The downdraft in the middle and upper boundary layer led to the accumulation of O3 precursor near 500m. That was one of the reasons for the high O3 near 500m observed in two typical pollution episodes.
Xue T, Liu J, Zhang Q, et al. Rapid improvement of PM2.5 pollution and associated health benefits in China during 2013~2017[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2019,62(12):1847-1856.
[2]
Zhang Q, Geng G. Impact of clean air action on PM2.5 pollution in China[J]. Springer, 2019:1-2.
[3]
Wang Y, Konopka P, Liu Y, et al. Tropospheric ozone trend over Beijing from 2002~2010:ozonesonde measurements and modeling analysis[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions, 2012, 12(5).
[4]
Wang T, Wei X L, Ding A J, et al:Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994~2007[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2009,9:6216-6226.
[5]
Geng F, Tie X, Xu J, et al. Characterizations of ozone, NOx, and VOCs measured in Shanghai, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2008, 42(29):6873-6883.
[6]
李莉莉,王隆,刘喜平,等.哈尔滨市臭氧时空分布特征及气象要素的关系[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(5):1991-1999. Li L L, Wang L, Liu X P, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of ozone and its relationship with meteorological factors in Harbin[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(5):1991-1999.
[7]
Li K, Jacob D J, Liao H, et al. Anthropogenic drivers of 2013~2017 trends in summer surface ozone in China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2019,116(2):422-427.
[8]
Deng T, Wang T, Wang S, et al. Impact of typhoon periphery on high ozone and high aerosol pollution in the Pearl River Delta region[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,668:617-630.
[9]
Huang J P, Fung J C, Lau A K, et al. Numerical simulation and process analysis of typhoon-related ozone episodes in Hong Kong[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2005,110,D05301.
[10]
Xue L, Wang T, Gao J, et al. Ground-level ozone in four Chinese cities:precursors, regional transport and heterogeneous processes[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2014,14(23):13175-13188.
[11]
Yang L, Luo H, Yuan Z, et al. Quantitative impacts of meteorology and precursor emission changes on the long-term trend of ambient ozone over the Pearl River Delta, China, and implications for ozone control strategy[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2019,19(20):12901-12916.
[12]
Yin C, Deng X, Zou Y, et al. Trend analysis of surface ozone at suburban Guangzhou, China[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019,695:133880.
[13]
刘建,吴兑,范绍佳,等.前体物与气象因子对珠江三角洲臭氧污染的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(3):813-820. Liu J, Wu D, Fan S J, et al. Impacts of precursors and meteorological factors on ozone pollution in Pearl River Delta[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(3):813-820.
[14]
黄俊,廖碧婷,吴兑,等.广州近地面臭氧浓度特征及气象影响分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018,38(1):23-31. Huang J, Liao B T, Wu D, et al. Guangzhou ground level ozone concentration characteristics and associated meteorological factors[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018,38(1):23-31.
[15]
严仁嫦,叶辉,林旭,等.杭州市臭氧污染特征及影响因素分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2018,38(3):1128-1136. Yan C E, Ye H, Lin X, et al. Characteristics and influence factors of ozone pollution in Hangzhou[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2018,38(3):1128-1136.
[16]
王川,夏士勇,曹礼明,等.深圳西成因部城区大气O3污染特征及超标成因[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(4):1414-1420. Wang C, Xia S X, Cao L M, et al. Study on the characteristics and the cause of atmospheric O3pollution in western urban of Shenzhen[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(4):1414-1420.
[17]
孙思思,丁峰,陆晓波,等.南京市典型臭氧污染过程的激光雷达垂直观测解析[J]. 环境监测管理与技术, 2018,30(3):60-63. Sun S S, Ding F, Lu X B, et al. Analysis a Typical O3 Pollution in Nanjing using Ozone Laser Radar[J]. The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring, 2018,30(3):60-63.
[18]
林莉文,卞建春,李丹,等.北京城区大气混合层内臭氧垂直结构特征的初步分析——基于臭氧探空[J]. 地球物理学报, 2018,61(7):2667-2678. Lin L W, Bian J C, Li D, et al. Preliminary analysis on vertical distribution of ozone in the mixing layer over urban Beijing based on ozonesonde data[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2018,61(7):2667-2678.
[19]
黄祖照,裴成磊,王宇骏,等.2017年广州市大气臭氧激光雷达组网观测分析[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2018,41(11):159-164. Huang Z X, Pei C L, Wang Y J, et al. The Networking Observation and Analysis of Atmospheric Ozone Lidars in Guangzhou in 2017[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2018,41(11):159-164.
[20]
王馨琦,张天舒,裴成磊,等.差分吸收激光雷达监测广州市臭氧垂直分布特征[J]. 中国激光, 2019,46(12):279-287. Wang X Q, Zhang T S, Pei C L, et al. Monitoring of Vertical Distribution of Ozone Using Differential Absorption Lidar in GuangzhouChinese Journal of Lasers[J]. 2019,46(12):279-287.
[21]
秦龙,高玉平,王文秀,等.差分吸收激光雷达用于探测天津市夏秋季臭氧垂直分布特征[J]. 光学精密工程, 2019,27(8):1697-1703. Qin L, Gao Y P, Wang W X, et al. Observation of vertical distribution of ozone based on differential absorption lidar during summer and autumn in Tianjin[J]. Opt. Precision Eng., 2019,27(8):1697-1703.
[22]
Xing C, Liu C, Wang S, et al. Observations of the vertical distributions of summertime atmospheric pollutants and the corresponding ozone production in Shanghai, China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2017,17(23):14275-14289.
[23]
项衍,刘建国,张天舒,等.基于差分吸收激光雷达和数值模式探测杭州夏季臭氧分布[J]. 光学精密工程, 2018,26(8):1882-1887. Xiang H, Liu J G, Zhang T S, et al. Differential absorption lidar combined with numerical model used for detecting distribution of ozone during summer in Hangzhou[J]. Opt. Precision Eng, 2018,26(8):1882-1887.
[24]
Qu Y, Wang T, Wu H, et al. Vertical structure and interaction of ozone and fine particulate matter in spring at Nanjing, China:The role of aerosol's radiation feedback[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2020,222:117162.
[25]
Li L, Chen C, Huang C, et al. Process analysis of regional ozone formation over the Yangtze River Delta, China using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality modeling system[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012,12(22):10971.
[26]
Luo C, St. John J C, Xiuji Z, et al. A nonurban ozone air pollution episode over eastern China:Observations and model simulations[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2000,105(D2):1889-1908.
[27]
周秀骥,罗超,丁国安,等.中国东部地区大气臭氧及前体物本底变化规律的初步研究[J]. 中国科学(B辑), 1994,24(12):1323-1330. Zhou X J, Luo C, Ding G A, et al. A preliminary study on the background changes of atmospheric ozone and precursors in eastern China[J]. Science in China Series B, 1994,24(12):1323-1330.
[28]
Fernald F G. Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations:some comments[J]. Applied Optics, 1984,23(5):652-653.
[29]
Li K, Chen L, Ying F, et al. Meteorological and chemical impacts on ozone formation:A case study in Hangzhou, China[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2017,196:40-52.
[30]
Pu X, Wang T J, Huang X, et al. Enhanced surface ozone during the heat wave of 2013 in Yangtze River Delta region, China[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2017,603-604(807-816).
[31]
Atkinson R. Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of organic compounds:a review[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2007,41(supp-S):200-240.
[32]
Dueñas C, Fernández M C, Cañete S, et al. Assessment of ozone variations and meteorological effects in an urban area in the Mediterranean Coast[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2002, 299(1):97-113.
[33]
GB 3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S]. GB 3095-2012 Environmental air quality standard[S].
[34]
Shi C, Wang S, Liu R, et al. A study of aerosol optical properties during ozone pollution episodes in 2013 over Shanghai, China[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2015,153:235-249.
[35]
Zhu J, Chen L, Liao H, et al. Correlations between PM2.5 and ozone over China and associated underlying reasons[J]. Atmosphere, 2019, 10(7):352.
[36]
Wu C, Yu J Z. Evaluation of linear regression techniques for atmospheric applications:the importance of appropriate weighting[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2018,11(2):1233-1250.
[37]
Wang D, Zhou B, Fu Q, et al. Intense secondary aerosol formation due to strong atmospheric photochemical reactions in summer:observations at a rural site in eastern Yangtze River Delta of China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016,571:1454-1466.
[38]
Stauffer R M, Thompson A M, Oltmans S J, et al. Tropospheric ozonesonde profiles at long-term US monitoring sites:2. Links between Trinidad Head, CA, profile clusters and inland surface ozone measurements[J]. J. Geophys Res. Atmos., 2017,122(2):1261-1280.
[39]
Liao H, Yung Y L, Seinfeld J H. Effects of aerosols on tropospheric photolysis rates in clear and cloudy atmospheres[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 1999,104(D19):23697-23707.
[40]
Ding A J, Fu C B, Yang X Q, et al. Ozone and fine particle in the western Yangtze River Delta:an overview of 1-yr data at the SORPES station[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions, 2013, 13(11):5813-5830.
[41]
Zhang J, Rao S T. The role of vertical mixing in the temporal evolution of ground-level ozone concentrations[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1999,38(12):1674-1691.
[42]
Zhu X, Ma Z, Qiu Y, et al. An evaluation of the interaction of morning residual layer ozone and mixing layer ozone in rural areas of the North China Plain[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2020,236:104788.
[43]
Hidy G M. Ozone process insights from field experiments-part I:overview[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2000,34(12-14):2001-2022.
[44]
Lin J T, McElroy M B. Impacts of boundary layer mixing on pollutant vertical profiles in the lower troposphere:Implications to satellite remote sensing[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2010,44(14):1726-1739.
[45]
Wang Y, Zhang X, Draxler R, et al. TrajStat:GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data[J]. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2009,24(8):938-939.
