To provide theoretical basis for studying the formation mechanism of aerosol, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of 532nm total backscatter coefficient, particulate depolarization ratio, color ratio, and different types of aerosol over North China from 2006 to 2015 by using Level 2 profile and Level 2VFM products provided by CALIPSO system.Vertical distribution characteristics of aerosol under different visibility conditions are then analyzed over North China based on surface observation data. The results show that 532nm total backscatter coefficient, particulate depolarization ratio, and color ratio over North China range from 0.5×10^-3~8.0×10^-3km^-1·sr^-1, 0.14~0.3, and 0.6~2.0, respectively, which all shows characteristics of significant variation with season and height. In addition, aerosol particles have a stronger scattering ability, more regular shape, and smaller sizes with visibility of less than 5km than more than 5km and vice versa with visibility of more than 10km. When the visibility is less than 5km, the corresponding maximum 532nm total backscatter coefficient, minimum particulate depolarization ratio, and minimum color ratio are 0.012km^-1·sr^-1, 0.092, and 0.856, respectively. The results also show that the aerosols of polluted dust, dust in desert, polluted continental and clean marine concentrate between 0 to 2km, whose occurrence frequencies are 13.81%, 8.48%, 5.45%, and 1.22%, respectively.