Sentinel - 2A data - derived estimation of photosynthetic and non - photosynthetic vegetation cover over the loess plateau
Lü Du1,2, LIU Bao-yuan3, HE Liang3, ZHANG Xiao-ping1,3, CHENG Zhuo4, HE Jie3
1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049; 3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100; 4. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
Abstract:In this study, we evaluated four non-photosynthetic vegetation indices (NPVI), including Shortwave Infrared Ratio (SWIR32), Dead Fuel Index (DFI), Soil Tillage Index (STI) and Normalized Difference Tillage Index (NDTI) for Non-photosynthetic Vegetation (fNPV) estimation in the simulated and field mixed scenarios, respectively, and applied them to estimate fNPV using Sentinel-2A data (10m) over the Loess Plateau. We applied a linear unmixing model to estimate Photosynthetic Vegetation (fPV) and fNPV based on the triangular relationship between Normalized Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI) and NPVI (e.g., SWIR32). The NDVI-NPVI endmember values were determined. The results showed that the correlation coefficient (R2) between each NPVI and simulated fNPV was between 0.365 to 0.750, and 0.147 to 0.211 between each NPVI and fNPV under the field mixed scenario. Using this approach, we estimated the Loess Plateau’s average fPV and fNPV for April, August and December in 2019, being 20.3% and 59.2%, 48.6% and 33.1%, and 10.7% and 59.0%, respectively. The R2 of the model for fPV and fNPV estimation reached 0.817 and 0.463, respectively, while the NSE was 0.806 and 0.458, respectively. The results also revealed the seasonal variation fPV from southeast to northwest over time, and the opposite trend for fNPV. Our study suggests that the NDVI-SWIR32 model can be used with Sentinel-2A data to adequately monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of fPV and fNPV in the Loess Plateau.
吕渡, 刘宝元, 何亮, 张晓萍, 程卓, 贺洁. 基于Sentinel-2A影像估算黄土高原光合/非光合植被盖度[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(9): 4323-4332.
Lü Du, LIU Bao-yuan, HE Liang, ZHANG Xiao-ping, CHENG Zhuo, HE Jie. Sentinel - 2A data - derived estimation of photosynthetic and non - photosynthetic vegetation cover over the loess plateau. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2022, 42(9): 4323-4332.
Feng Q, Zhao W, Ding J, et al. Estimation of the cover and management factor based on stratified coverage and remote sensing indices: A case study in the Loess Plateau of China [J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2018,18(3):775-790.
[2]
Gitelson A A, Kaufman Y J, Stark R, et al. Novel algorithms for remote estimation of vegetation fraction [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2002,80(1):76-87.
[3]
Liu B, Zhang K, Yun X. An empirical soil loss equation; proceedings of the Proc 12th ISCO Conf, F [C]. Beijing, 2002.
[4]
Renard K G, Foster G R, Weesies G A, et al. Predicting soil erosion by water: A guide to conservation planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) [M]. United States Government Printing, 1997.
[5]
Wischmeier W H, Smith D D. Predicting rainfall erosion losses: a guide to conservation planning [M]. Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, 1978.
[6]
江忠善,郑粉莉.坡面水蚀预报模型研究 [J]. 水土保持学报, 2004,18(1):66-69. Water Erosion Prediction Model at Hillslope Scale [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservatio, 2004,18(1):66-69.
[7]
Gillies R R, Carlson T N. Thermal remote sensing of surface soil water content with partial vegetation cover for incorporation into climate models [J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1995,34(4):745-756.
[8]
Daughtry C S T, Mcmurtrey J E, Chappelle E W, et al. Measuring crop residue cover using remote sensing techniques [J]. Theoretical & Applied Climatology, 1996,54(1/2):17-26.
[9]
Gelder B, Kaleita A, Cruse R. Estimating mean field residue cover on midwestern soils using satellite imagery [J]. Agronomy journal, 2009, 101(3):635-643.
[10]
van Deventer A P, Ward A D, Gowda P H, et al. Using thematic mapper data to identify contrasting soil plains and tillage practices [J]. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 1997,63(1): 87-93.
[11]
Guerschman J P, Hill M J, Renzullo L J, et al. Estimating fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation and bare soil in the Australian tropical savanna region upscaling the EO-1Hyperion and MODIS sensors [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2009,113(5):928-945.
[12]
Cao X, Chen J, Matsushita B, et al. Developing a MODIS-based index to discriminate dead fuel from photosynthetic vegetation and soil background in the Asian steppe area [J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2010,31(6):1589-1604.
[13]
欧阳伦曦,李新情,惠凤鸣,等.哨兵卫星Sentinel_1A数据特性及应用潜力分析 [J]. 极地研究, 2017,29(2):286-295. Ouyang L X, Li X Q, Hui F M, et al. Sentinel-1A data products’ characteristics and the potential applications [J]. Chinese Journal of Polar Research, 2017,29(2):286-295.
[14]
郑国雄,李晓松,张凯选,等.浑善达克沙地光合/非光合植被及裸土光谱混合机理分析 [J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2016,36(4):1063-1068. Zheng G X, Li X S, Zhang K X, et al. Spectral mixing mechanism analysis of photosynthetic/non-photosynthetic vegetation and bared soil mixture in the hunshandake(Otindag) sandy land [J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2016,36(4):1063-1068.
[15]
柴国奇,王静璞,邹学勇,等.基于Sentinel-2数据的典型草原光合/非光合植被覆盖度估算 [J]. 草业科学, 2018,35(12):2836-2844. Chai G Q, Wang J P, Zou X Y, et al. Estimating fractional cover of photosynthetic/non-photosynthetic vegetation in a typical steppe region based on sentinel-2data [J]. Pratacultural Science, 2018,35(12): 2836-2844.
[16]
李 涛,李晓松,李 飞.基于Hyperion的锡林郭勒草原光合植被、非光合植被覆盖度估算 [J]. 生态学报, 2015,35(11):3643-3652. Li T, Li X S, Li F. Estimating fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation and non-photosynthetic vegetation in the Xilingol steppe region with EO-1hyperion data [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015,35 (11):3643-3652.
[17]
Wang G, Wang J, Zou X, et al. Estimating the fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation and bare soil from MODIS data: Assessing the applicability of the NDVI-DFI model in the typical Xilingol grasslands [J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2019,76:154-166.
[18]
Mishra N B, Crews K A, Okin G S. Relating spatial patterns of fractional land cover to savanna vegetation morphology using multi-scale remote sensing in the Central Kalahari [J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2014,35(6):2082-2104.
[19]
何 亮,吕 渡,郭晋伟,等.基于MODIS的北洛河流域植被盖度变化研究 [J]. 人民黄河, 2020,42(2):67-71. He L, Lyu D, Guo J W, et al. Study on vegetation coverage change of beiluo river basin based on MODIS [J]. Yellow River, 2020,42(2): 67-71.
[20]
刘国彬,上官周平,姚文艺,等.黄土高原生态工程的生态成效 [J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2017,32:11-19. Liu G B, Shangguan Z P, Yao W Y, et al. Ecological effects of soil conservation in Loess Plateau [J]. Chinese Academy Journal, 2017, 32:11-19.
[21]
Chen N, Ma T, Zhang X. Responses of soil erosion processes to land cover changes in the Loess Plateau of China: A case study on the Beiluo River basin [J]. Catena, 2016,136:118-127.
[22]
Sun R, Chen S, Su H. Spatiotemporal variations of NDVI of different land cover types on the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2016 [J]. Progress in Geography, 2019,38(8):1248-1258.
[23]
王义凤.黄土高原地区植被资源及其合理利用 [M]. 北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1991. Wang Y F. Vegetation Resources and their Rational Utilization in the Loess Plateau Region [M]. Beijing: Science and technology of China press, 1991.
[24]
Muir J S, M., Tindall, D., Trevithick, R., Scarth, P., & Stewart, J. B. Field measurement of fractional ground cover: a technical handbook supporting ground cover monitoring for Australia [J]. 2011.
[25]
Lyu D, Liu B, Zhang X, et al. An experimental study on field spectral measurements to determine appropriate daily time for distinguishing fractional vegetation cover [J]. Remote Sensing, 2020,12(18):2942.
[26]
Drusch M, Del Bello U, Carlier S, et al. Sentinel-2: ESA's optical high-resolution mission for GMES operational services [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2012,120:25-36.
[27]
Guerschman J P, Oyarzabal M, Malthus T, et al. Evaluation of the MODIS-based vegetation fractional cover product [J]. 2012.
[28]
Gates D M, Keegan H J, Schleter J C, et al. Spectral properties of plants [J]. Applied Optics, 1965,4(1):11-20.
[29]
Asner G P, Heidebrecht K B. Spectral unmixing of vegetation, soil and dry carbon cover in arid regions: Comparing multispectral and hyperspectral observations [J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2002,23(19):3939-3958.
[30]
李晓锦.基于混合像元分解的植被覆盖度估算及动态变化分析 [D]. 西安:西北大学, 2011. Li X J. Estimation and dynamic change analaysis of vegetation fractional coverage based mixed-pixel unmixing model in the Loess Plateauy [D]. Xi’an: Northwest University, 2011.
[31]
唐延林,王秀珍,王人潮.玉米高光谱及其红边特征分析 [J]. 山地农业生物学报, 2003,22(3):189-194. Tang Y L, Wang X Z, Wang R C. Study on the hyperspectral and their red edge characteristics of corn [J]. Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biolog, 2003,22(3):189-194.
[32]
Guerschman J P, Scarth P F, McVicar T R, et al. Assessing the effects of site heterogeneity and soil properties when unmixing photosynthetic vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation and bare soil fractions from Landsat and MODIS data [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2015,161:12-26.
[33]
Serbin G, Daughtry C S T, Hunt E R, et al. Effects of soil composition and mineralogy on remote sensing of crop residue cover [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2009,113(1):224-238.
[34]
王光镇,王静璞,邹学勇,等.基于像元三分模型的锡林郭勒草原光合植被和非光合植被覆盖度估算 [J]. 生态学报, 2017,37(17):5722- 5731. Wang G Z, Wang J P, Zou X Y, et al. Estimation of fractional cover of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic vegetation in the Xilingol steppe region using the NDVI-DFI model [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017,37(17):5722-5731.
[35]
Popov E. Gidrologicheskie prognozy (Hydrological forecasts) [J]. Leningrad: Hydrometeoizdat, 1979,126:256.
[36]
Xu X, LYU D, Lei X, et al. Variability of extreme precipitation and rainfall erosivity and their attenuated effects on sediment delivery from 1957 to 2018 on the Chinese Loess Plateau [J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2021,21(12):3933-3947.