欧盟碳边境调节机制对产品出口成本影响评估

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (4)

全文: PDF (576 KB) HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要碳边境调节机制(CBAM)带来的产品出口成本影响存在较高的不确定性.通过剖析CBAM条例规则,对CBAM关键要素的核算范围与规则进行研判,提出了评估CBAM出口成本影响的方法学框架,并以粗钢产品为例开展了实证研究.结果表明,在CBAM的系统边界与排放核算范围内,我国1t转炉粗钢的嵌入排放为1.73tCO₂eq,我国向欧盟出口粗钢产品的增量成本为37.26欧元/t.基于评估结果并统筹考虑我国与欧盟的气候政策体系差异,提出了包括隐性碳价谈判、降低产品碳排放强度、调整出口结构在内的多项应对CBAM的政策建议.

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	张蓝心
	温宗国
	许毛
	胡喆

关键词 ：碳边境调节机制(CBAM), 嵌入排放, 影响评估, 钢铁行业

Abstract：The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) introduces significant uncertainty regarding the impact on product export costs. By analyzing the regulations governing CBAM and evaluating the accounting scope and rules of its key elements, a methodological framework for assessing the impact of CBAM on export costs was proposed, with empirical research conducted using crude steel products as a case study. Results show that within the system boundary and emission accounting scope of CBAM, the embedded carbon emissions of 1t of converter crude steel in China is 1.73tCO2eq, and the incremental cost of China's crude steel export to the EU is 37.26euros/t. Based on the above assessment results and considering the differences in climate policy systems between China and the EU, several policy recommendations to address CBAM were put forward, including negotiating the implicit carbon price, reducing the carbon intensity of products and adjusting the export structure.

Key words： carbon border adjustment mechanism embedded emissions impact assessment iron and steel industry

收稿日期: 2023-09-20

PACS:

X196

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(72140008)

通讯作者: 温宗国,教授,wenzg@tsinghua.edu.cn E-mail: wenzg@tsinghua.edu.cn

引用本文:

张蓝心, 温宗国, 许毛, 胡喆. 欧盟碳边境调节机制对产品出口成本影响评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(4): 1788-1794. ZHANG Lan-xin, WEN Zong-guo, XU Mao, HU Zhe. Impact assessment of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism on product export costs. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(4): 1788-1794.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I4/1788

[1] 庄贵阳,朱仙丽.《欧洲绿色协议》:内涵、影响与借鉴意义[J]. 国际经济评论, 2021,(1):116-133,7. Zhuang G Y, Zhu X L. European Green Deal:contents, influences and implications for China[J]. International Economic Review, 2021,(1):116-133,7.
[2] European Parliament and of the Council. Regulation (EU) 2023/956of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023 establishing a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism[EB/OL]. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/956/oj.
[3] 王谋,吉治璇,康文梅,等.欧盟"碳边境调节机制"要点、影响及应对[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2021,31(12):45-52. Wang M, Ji Z X, Kang W M, et al. Key points and impact of EU's 'carbon border adjustment mechanism' and China's responses[J]. China population, resources and environment, 2021,31(12):45-52.
[4] Bellora C, Fontagné L. EU in search of a carbon border adjustment mechanism[J]. Energy Economic, 2023,123,106673.
[5] 段茂盛,李莉娜,陶玉洁.欧盟碳边境调节机制:浅析欧盟委员会的立法提案及其对中国的潜在影响[EB/OL]. http://www.3e.tsinghua. edu.cn/cn/article/116. Duan M S, Li L N, Tao Y J. EU carbon border adjustment mechanism:A brief analysis of the European Commission's legislative proposals and their potential impact on China[EB/OL]. http://www.3e.tsinghua. edu.cn/cn/article/116.
[6] Dong Y, Whalley J. Carbon motivated regional trade arrangements:analytics and simulations[J]. Economic modelling, 2011,28(6):2783-2792.
[7] 蒋丹,张林荣,孙华平,等.中国征收碳税应对碳关税的经济分析——以美国为例[J]. 生态学报, 2020,40(2):440-446. Jiang D, Zhang L R, Sun H P, et al. An economic analysis of China's imposing carbon tax to respond to future carbon tariffs:Case study of USA[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020,40(2):440-446.
[8] 刘斌,赵飞.欧盟碳边境调节机制对中国出口的影响与对策建议[J]. 清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2021,36(6):185-194,210. Liu B, Zhao F. The impact of EU carbon tariff policy on China's export and suggestions for China[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2021,36(6):185-194,210.
[9] Zhong J R, Pei J S. Beggar thy neighbor? on the competitiveness and welfare impacts of the EU's proposed carbon border adjustment mechanism[J]. Energy Policy, 2022,162,112802.
[10] 银凤.欧盟碳边境调节机制对中国钢铁行业出口的影响研究[D]. 商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院, 2022. Yin F. Research on the influence of EU carbon border adjustment mechanism on China's steel export[D]. Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Commerce, 2022.
[11] 许英明,李晓依.欧盟碳边境调节机制对中欧贸易的影响及中国对策[J]. 国际经济合作, 2021,(5):25-32. Xu Y M, Li X Y. The impact of EU carbon border adjustment Mechanism on China-EU trade and China's countermeasures[J]. International Economic Cooperation, 2021,(5):25-32.
[12] 谢超,彭文生.欧盟碳边境调节机制对中国经济和全球碳减排影响的量化分析[R]. 北京:中金研究院, 2021. Xie C, Peng W S. Quantitative analysis of the impact of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism on China's economy and global carbon emission reduction[R]. Beijing:CICC Global Institute, 2021.
[13] 董钺,张笑寒,赵文博.欧盟碳边境调节机制对中国有哪些影响[R]. 北京:能源基金会, 2021. Dong Y, Zhang X H, Zhao W B. Impact of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism on China[R]. Beijing:Energy Foundation, 2021.
[14] 陈美安,谭秀杰.碳边境调节机制:进展与前瞻[R]. 北京:绿色创新发展中心, 2021. Chen M A, Tan X J. Carbon border regulation mechanism:progress and prospects[R]. Beijing:Green Innovation Development Center, 2021.
[15] 王奕涵,温宗国.钢铁行业节能减排路径分析与优化[J]. 环境影响评价, 2020,42(4):22-26. Wang Y H, Wen Z G. Analysis of energy conservation and emission reduction paths and policy optimization in iron and steel industry[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment, 2020,42(4):22-26.
[16] European Parliament and of the Council. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1773 of 17August 2023 laying down the rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards reporting obligations for the purposes of the carbon border adjustment mechanism during the transitional period[EB/OL]. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2023/1773/oj.
[17] European Commission. Study on the possibility to set up a carbon border adjustment mechanism on selected sectors[EB/OL]. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2778/58565.
[18] European Commission. EU ETS handbook[EB/OL]. https://climate.ec.europa.eu/document/download/8cabb4e7-19d7-45bd-8044-c0dcc1a64243_en?filename=ets_handbook_en.pdf.
[19] European Commission. Guidance document n°9on the harmonised free allocation methodology for the EU-ETS:Sector-specific guidance[EB/OL]. https://www.sepa.org.uk/media/399238/guidance_document_no9_sector_specific.pdf.
[20] European Commission. Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union, Decision (EU) 2015/1814concerning the establishment and operation of a market stability reserve for the Union greenhouse gas emission trading scheme and Regulation (EU) 2015/757[EB/OL]. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021PC0551.
[21] European Parliament and of the Council. Commission Delegated Decision (EU) 2019/708 of 15February 2019 supplementing Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the determination of sectors and subsectors deemed at risk of carbon leakage for the period 2021 to 2030[EB/OL]. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_del/2019/708/oj.
[22] 国家信息中心"一带一路"外贸大数据研究所.全球贸易观察数据库[EB/OL]. http://gtf.sinoimex.com/systemintro.html. State Information Center 'Belt and Road' foreign trade Big Data Institute. Global Trade Flow Database[EB/OL]. http://gtf.sinoimex.com/systemintro.html.
[23] 王奕涵.工业节能减排路径高维多目标优化与地市级实施分析[D]. 北京:清华大学, 2022. Wang Y H. The many-objective optimization of industrial energy conservation and emission reduction path and its city-level implementation[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University, 2022.
[24] WANG Y H, WEN Z G, LV X J, et al. The spatial heterogeneity of synergy and trade-off linkages between carbon and air pollutant mitigations in China's steel industry[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023,418:138166.
[25] European Parliament and of the Council. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/447 of 12 March 2021 determining revised benchmark values for free allocation of emission allowances for the period from 2021 to 2025 pursuant to Article 10a(2) of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council[EB/OL]. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2021/447/oj.
[26] Ecofys. Methodology for the free allocation of emission allowances in the EU ETS post 2012:Sector report for the iron and steel industry[EB/OL]. https://climate.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2016-11/bm_study-project_approach_and_general_issues_en.pdf.
[27] 工业和信息化部.关于促进钢铁工业高质量发展的指导意见[EB/OL]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-02/08/content_5672513.htm. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Guiding opinions on promoting high-quality development of iron and steel industry[EB/OL]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-02/08/content_5672513.htm.
[28] CAO J, Ho M, HU X. Carbon markets and carbon tariffs:effect on world trade and emissions[R]. Beijing:Institute for Global Development of Tsinghua University, 2023.
[29] 安琪.碳边境调节机制与世界贸易组织规则适应性探讨与启示[J]. 国际石油经济, 2020,28(11):10-13. An Q. Discussion and enlightenment on the adaptation of carbon border adjustment mechanism and WTO rules[J]. International Petroleum Economics, 2020,28(11):10-13.
[30] 曾桉,谭显春,王毅,等.碳中和背景下欧盟碳边境调节机制对我国的影响及对策分析[J]. 中国环境管理, 2022,14(1):31-37. Zeng A, Tan X C, Wang Y, et al. Impact of EU carbon border adjustment mechanism on China in the context of carbon neutrality and its countermeasures[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Management, 2022,14(1):31-37.