A coupling model and its application on impact assessment of the aircraft emissions during LTO cycle
HAN Bo1, KONG Wei-kai1, TAN Hong-zhi2, WANG Li-jie1, HE Zhen1, ZHONG Yi-qian3, WEI Zhi-qiang1
1. Tianjin Key Laboratory for Air Traffic Operation Planning and Safety Technology, College of Air Traffic Management, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China;
2. Operation Control Center, Shandong Airlines Corporation, Jinan 250014, China;
3. Aeronautical Information Service Center, Air Traffic Management Bureau, Civil Aviation Administration of China, Beijing 100122, China
The pollutants emission rate and spatial location of engines are dynamic during the LTO cycle of civil aircraft. To quantify and analyze the impact accurately, the paper constructed an aircraft LTO emission impact assessment coupling model. The paper was carried out by simulating the LTO flight path of aircrafts, using aerodynamics model, to get performance parameters (real-time fuel flow) of each position within the path. It defined pollutants emission rates of each position, by applying the emission calculating model. Then, it calibrated the Lagrangian puff model for the emission characteristics of the airplane puff, and simulated pollutants dispersion. It collected airborne data of a typical aircraft during its whole LTO cycle, and carried out a real case study, referring to real-time meteorological parameters. The result showed that the average emission rate of NOx, SO2, CO, PM and HC were 17.71, 2.21, 1.05, 0.20 and 0.03g/s respectively during the LTO cycle. When the aircraft took-off, the scope of puff dispersion amassed on the runway and were within 300meters laterally and 3000meters longitudinally of it, and the maximum ground-level concentration of NOx surpassed 100mg/m3. When the aircraft climbed up to the top of mixing layer, finishing the take-off, the pollutants expanded laterally to 1200m, and the ground-level concentration of NOx, keeping severe, declined to 298.5μg/m3. while the concentrations of other pollutants were relatively lower.
韩博, 孔魏凯, 谭宏志, 王立婕, 何真, 仲仪倩, 魏志强. 飞机LTO排放影响评估耦合模型研究与应用[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(6): 2409-2417.
HAN Bo, KONG Wei-kai, TAN Hong-zhi, WANG Li-jie, HE Zhen, ZHONG Yi-qian, WEI Zhi-qiang. A coupling model and its application on impact assessment of the aircraft emissions during LTO cycle. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(6): 2409-2417.
韩博,刘雅婷,陈鑫,等.民航飞机起飞过程细粒子排放特征[J].中国环境科学, 2017,37(5):1620-1627. Han B, Liu Y T, Chen X, et al.Fine particles emission characterization of civil aviation aircraft during takeoff [J].China Environmental Science, 2017,37(5):1620-1627.
[2]
宋从波,李瑞芃,何建军,等.河北廊坊市区大气中NO、NO2和O3污染特征研究[J].中国环境科学, 2016,36(10):2903-2912. Song C B, Li R P, He J J, et al.Analysis of pollution characteristics of NO, NO2 and O3 at urban area of Langfang, Hebei [J].China Environmental Science, 2016,36(10):2903-2912.
[3]
杨欣,陈义珍,赵妤希,等.2014~2017年北京城区霾污染态势及潜在来源[J].中国环境科学, 2018,38(9):3232-3239. Yang X, Chen Y Z, Zhao Y X, et al.Analysis of haze pollution situation and potential sources in Beijing urban area from 2014 to 2017[J].China Environmental Science, 2018,38(9):3232-3239.
[4]
高丽波,王体健,崔金梦,等.2016年夏季南京大气污染特征观测分析[J].中国环境科学, 2019,39(1):1-12. Gao L B, Wang T J, Cui J M, et al.Observation and analysis of the characteristics of air pollution in Nanjing in summer 2016[J].China Environmental Science, 2019,39(1):1-12.
[5]
唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.大气环境化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006:274-275. Tang X Y, Zhang Y H, Shao M.Atmospheric environmental chemistry [M].Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006:274-275.
[6]
Petzold A, Dopelheuer A, Brock C A, et al.In situ observations and model calculations of black carbon emission by aircraft at Cruise Altitude [J].Journal of Geophysical Research, 1999,104:22171-22181.
[7]
韩博,黄佳敏,魏志强.民航飞机起飞过程气态污染物排放特征分析[J].环境科学, 2016,37(12):4524-4530. Han B, Huang J M, Wei Z Q.Gaseous emission characterization of civil aviation aircraft during takeoff [J].Environmental Science, 2016,37(12):4524-4530.
[8]
Huang X F, Sun T L, Zeng L W, et al. Black carbon aerosol characterization in a coastal city in South China using a single particle soot photometer [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2012,51:21-28.
[9]
李杰,赵志奇,刘新罡,等.首都国际机场航空器排放清单的计算分析[J].中国环境科学, 2018,38(12):4469-4475. Li J, Zhao Z Q, Liu X G, et al.Study an analysis of aircraft emission inventory for Beijing Capital International Airport [J].China Environmental Science, 2018,38(12):4469-4475.
[10]
Choi W, Hu S, He M, et al.Neighborhood-scale air quality impacts of emissions from motor vehicles and aircraft [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2013,80:310-321.
[11]
Laís F, Mariana T G, Etienne D, et al.Health effects of pollution on the residential population near a Brazilian airport: A perspective based on literature review [J].Journal of Transport and Health, 2019,14.https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.05.004.
[12]
Viana M, Querol X, Alastuey A, et al. Characterising exposureto PM aerosols for an epidemiological study [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2008,42(7):1552-1568.
[13]
Kan H D, London S J, Chen, G H,et al.Differentiating the effects of fine and coarse particles on daily mortality in Shanghai, China [J].Environment International, 2007,33(3):376-384.
[14]
中国民用航空局.2018年民航机场生产统计公报[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-03/08/content_5371235.htm. China Civil Aviation Administration.Civil Aviation Airport Production Statistics Bulletin 2018[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-03/08/content_5371235.htm.
[15]
Steib R, Labancz K, Ferenczi Z, et al.Airport (Budapest Ferihegy- Hungary) air quality analysis using the EDMS modeling system.Part I.Model development and testing.Quarterly journal of the Hungarian Meteorlogical service, 2008,112(2):99-112.
[16]
Barrett S, Britter R.A simple approach for rapid operational air quality modelling at airports [A].Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes, 2007:2-5.
[17]
Das S K, Durbin P A.Prediction of atmospheric dispersion of pollutants in an airport environment [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2007,41(6):1328-1341.
[18]
Brzozowski K, Kotlarz W.Modelling of air pollution on a military airfield [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2005,39(33):6130-6139.
[19]
Janicke U, Fleuti E, Fuller I.LASPORT-a model system for airport-related source systems based on a Lagrangian particle model.Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes, 2007:2-5.
[20]
Schürmann G, Schäfer K, Jahn C, et al.The impact of NOx, CO and VOC emissions on the air quality of Zurich airport [J].Atmospheric Environment, 2007,41(1):103-118.
[21]
Rissman J, Arunachalam S, Woody M, et al.A plume-in-grid approach to characterize air quality impacts of aircraft emissions at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport [J].2013,13(1): 1089-1132.
[22]
夏卿.飞机发动机排放对机场大气环境影响评估研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学, 2009:62-63. Xia Q.Research on the impact assessment of aircraft engine emissions on airport air environment [D].Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009:62-63.
[23]
伯鑫,段钢,李重阳,等.首都国际机场大气污染模拟研究[J].环境工程, 2017,35(3):97-100. Bo X, Duan G, Li C Y, et al.Air pollution simulation study of Beijing Capital International Airport [J].Environmental Engineering, 2017, 35(3):97-100.
[24]
韩博,刘雅婷,谭宏志,等.一次航班飞行全过程大气污染物排放特征[J].环境科学学报, 2017,37(12):4492-4502. Han B, Liu Y T, Tan H Z, et al.Emission characterization of civil aviation aircraft during a whole flight [J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017,37(12):4492-4502.
[25]
陈治怀.飞机性能工程[M].北京:中国民航出版社, 1993:115-116. Chen Z H.Aircraft performance engineering [M].Beijing: China Civil Aviation Press, 1993:115-116.
[26]
Airport Air Quality Manual [R].Montréal: International Civil Aviation Organization, 2011:38-39.