景观生态风险演变及其对驱动因素的响应——以北京生态涵养区为例

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摘要基于1990~2020年土地利用/覆被数据,建立了景观生态风险评价模型,对30a间北京生态涵养区景观生态风险时空演变特征进行探究,并使用地理探测器模型,分析了自然与人为因素对景观生态风险的驱动作用.结果表明,研究区土地利用类型以林地与耕地为主,1990~2020年间,土地利用变化主要呈现林地、建设用地、水域增加,耕地、草地、未利用地减少的趋势.近30a间,景观生态风险持续下降,中、较高、高生态风险区分别下降8.45%、13.66%、8.13%,低、较低生态风险区分别增加2124.34, 1247.96km²,在空间尺度上呈现正相关性.单因子探测中,人为干扰度、NDVI、高程是驱动景观生态风险变化的主要因素,双因子交互探测结果全部呈现双因子增强和非线性增强,人为干扰度与其他因子相互作用是景观生态风险演变的主要原因.本研究揭示了30a间北京生态涵养区土地利用格局与景观生态风险变化,探究了景观生态风险演变的驱动因素,为北京生态涵养区保持生态稳定、促进绿色发展提供科学依据.

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关键词 ：景观生态风险评价, 土地利用, 北京生态涵养区, 地理探测器

Abstract：This study utilized land use/cover data from 1990 to 2020 and established a model for evaluating landscape ecological risks. It explored the spatiotemporal characteristics of landscape ecological risks in the ecological conservation area of Beijing over the past 30 years. Additionally, the study employed a geographic detector model to investigate the roles of natural and anthropogenic factors in driving landscape ecological risks. The results indicate that from 1990 to 2020, the primary land use types in the study area were forests and arable land. There was a trend of increasing forested areas, built-up land, and water bodies, while arable land, grassland, and unused land decreased. The average value of landscape ecological risks continuously decreased, with low and relatively low ecological risk areas increasing by 2124.34, 1247.96km², respectively. Meanwhile, areas with moderate, relatively high, and high ecological risks decreased by 8.45%, 13.66%, and 8.13%, demonstrating a positive correlation at the spatial scale. In single-factor detection, anthropogenic disturbance, NDVI, and elevation were identified as the main factors driving changes in landscape ecological risks. Results from two-factor interaction detection consistently showed enhanced interactions and nonlinear enhancements, with anthropogenic disturbance interacting with other factors being the primary cause of the evolution of landscape ecological risks. This study reveals the changes in land use patterns and landscape ecological risks in the ecological conservation area of Beijing over the past 30 years. It investigates the driving factors behind the evolution of landscape ecological risks, providing a scientific basis for maintaining ecological stability and promoting green development in Beijing's ecological conservation area.

Key words： landscape ecological risk assessment land use Beijing ecological conservation area geodetector

收稿日期: 2023-11-29

PACS:

X171.4

基金资助:自然资源综合调查指挥中心科技创新基金资助项目(KC20220008)

通讯作者: 赵中秋,教授,zhongqiuzhao@163.com E-mail: zhongqiuzhao@163.com

作者简介: 高林(1999-),男,山东潍坊人,中国地质大学(北京)硕士研究生,主要从事景观生态风险、生态系统服务研究.Gaolin1105@163.com.

引用本文:

高林, 赵中秋, 宋东阳, 裴小龙. 景观生态风险演变及其对驱动因素的响应——以北京生态涵养区为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(7): 4031-4041. GAO Lin, ZHAO Zhong-qiu, SONG Dong-yang, PEI Xiao-long. Evolution of landscape ecological risk and its response to natural and anthropogenic factors: A case study of ecological conservation area in Beijing. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(7): 4031-4041.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I7/4031

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