不同改性生物炭对稻田氮素损失及产量的影响

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摘要为进一步挖掘稻田生态系统生物炭增效、节肥和减排潜力,以无生物炭为对照(CK),设置玉米秸秆生物炭(B)、酸化生物炭(B_pH)、氮负载生物炭(B_NH4)、铁改性生物炭(B_Fe)和钙改性生物炭(B_Ca)6个处理,通过2a试验,对生物炭阳离子交换量(CEC)、含氧官能团以及其处理下水稻产量、氮素提取、氨挥发、氮素淋失和土壤氮残余等进行了研究.结果表明:与B相比,B_pH、B_NH4和B_Fe分别显著提升生物炭CEC (53.9%、29.6%和28.2%),且4种改性处理均可显著提升生物炭-COOH、-OH、C=O、O-H等含氧官能团浓度,增强生物炭吸氮能力.全生育期累积氨挥发在9.1~19.9kg/hm²(2021)和8.5~13.7kg/hm²(2022)之间,除BNH4降氨效果明显(44.6%)外,其他处理第1年对氨挥发无显著影响;而B_Ca、B_NH4和B_Fe在第2a均显著降低氨挥发,较CK分别降低33.5%、37.5%和37.8%.4种改性生物炭连续2a,较CK降低氮素淋失19.0%和35.2%(B_pH)、15.0%和21.0%(B_Ca)、11.3%和28.7%(B_NH4)、12.6%和29.0%(B_Fe).B在第1年对产量无显著影响,但老化1年后增产显著(8.8%);B_pH和B_NH4连续2a分别增产19.7%和12.2%(2021年),11.5%和5.8%(2022年).B_pH、B_Ca和B_NH4在2a均显著降低了活性氮排放,降幅为23.4%、21.8%和42.3%(2021年)和23.5%、30.5%和35.5%(2022年).不同生物炭处理第1a土壤矿化氮残余无显著差异;但B_Ca、B_NH4和B_Fe第2a增效显著.同时考虑增产、活性氮减排和矿化氮可持续性,BNH4综合效果最佳,同CK相比,2021和2022年分别可降低氨挥发42.3%和35.5%,铵态氮淋失10.6%和29.0%,硝态氮淋失14.7%和23.4%,氮素积累提高13.4%和4.3%以及矿化氮残余提高15.0%和17.9%,最终增产19.7%和5.7%.

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	衣本骥
	刘畅
	韩宏伟
	张丰
	陈涛涛
	孟军
	迟道才

关键词 ：不同改性生物炭, 田面水, 氨挥发, 淋溶, 水稻产量, 氮素去向

Abstract：In order to further explore the potential of biochar in rice ecosystems for efficiency, fertilizer savings and emission reduction, six treatments of maize stover biochar (B), acidified biochar (B_pH), nitrogen-loaded biochar (B_NH4), iron-modified biochar (B_Fe) and calcium-modified biochar (B_Ca) were set up in a 2-year experiment using no biochar as the control (CK) to study the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the biochar, the oxygen-containing functional groups, as well as rice yield, nitrogen extraction, ammonia volatilization, nitrogen leaching and soil nitrogen residues under their treatments were investigated. The results showed that B_pH, B_NH4 and B_Fe significantly increased the CEC of biochar (53.9%, 29.6% and 28.2%) compared with B. All four modified treatments significantly increased the concentration of oxygenated functional groups, such as -COOH, -OH, C=O, and O-H, to enhance the nitrogen uptake capacity of biochar. The cumulative ammonia volatilization ranged from 9.1 to 19.9kg/hm (2021) and 8.49 to 13.7kg/hm (2022) over the whole reproductive period, and except for B_NH4, which had a significant ammonia reducing effect (44.6%), B, B_pH, B_Ca, and B_Fe had no significant effect on ammonia volatilization in the first year; whereas, B_Ca, B_NH4, and B_Fe all significantly reduced ammonia volatilization by 33.5%, 37.5% and 37.8%, respectively, compared to CK. The four modified biochars reduced nitrogen leaching by 19.0% and 35.2% (B_pH), 15.0% and 21.0% (B_Ca), 11.3% and 28.7% (B_NH4), and 12.6% and 29.0% (B_Fe) compared to CK in 2consecutive years. B had no significant effect on yield in year 1effect in year 1, but significantly increased yield (8.8%) after 1year of aging; B_pH and B_NH4were both effective for 2consecutive years, increasing yield by 19.7% and 12.2% (2021), and 11.49% and 5.8% (2022), respectively. B_pH, B_Ca, and B_NH4significantly reduced reactive nitrogen emissions in 2 years, with reductions of 23.4%, 21.8% and 42.3% (2021) and 23.5%, 30.5% and 35.5% (2022); B_Fe 2a had a mixed effect, with a 25.9% enhancement in year 1and a 35.6% reduction in year 2. There were no significant differences in soil mineralized N residuals between biochar treatments in year 1; however, B_Ca, B_NH4, and B_Fe showed significant efficiency gains in year 2. When considering yield increases, reactive nitrogen reduction and mineralised nitrogen sustainability simultaneously, the best results for B_pH and B_NH4combined were achieved during the two-year trial, reducing ammonia volatilisation by 23.4% and 42.3% (2021), 23.5% and 35.5% (2022), NH₄⁺-N leaching by 18.9% and 10.6% (2021), 35.4% and 29.0% (2022), NO₃--N leaching 15.6% and 14.7% (2021), 24.5% and 23.4% (2022), nitrogen accumulation 1.1% and 13.4% (2021), 14.8% and 4.3% (2022) and mineralised nitrogen residues 1.3% and 15.0% (2021), 12.2% and 17.9% (2022), and finally 19.7% and 12.2% (2021), 11.5% and 5.7% (2022) rice yield increase, compared to CK.

Key words： different modified biochar surface water ammonia volatilization leaching loss rice yield nitrogen destination

收稿日期: 2024-02-09

PACS:	X171.1
	S511
	S154.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助面上项目(52379043);辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目青年专项(2023030237-JH2/1016);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1902064)

通讯作者: 陈涛涛,副教授,taotao-chen@syau.edu.cn E-mail: taotao-chen@syau.edu.cn

作者简介: 衣本骥(1999-),辽宁大连人,研究方向为北方寒区主要农作物高效用水与生态环境.发表论文1篇.ybj2891351291@163.com.

引用本文:

衣本骥, 刘畅, 韩宏伟, 张丰, 陈涛涛, 孟军, 迟道才. 不同改性生物炭对稻田氮素损失及产量的影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(9): 5122-5133. YI Ben-ji, LIU Chang, HAN Hong-wei, ZHANG Feng, CHEN Tao-tao, MENG Jun, CHI Dao-cai. Effect of different modified biochar treatments on nitrogen loss and rice yield in paddy fields. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(9): 5122-5133.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I9/5122

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