天津地区气溶胶光学特性及直接辐射强迫研究

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摘要利用2021年天津地区太阳光度计观测数据分析获得AOD、AE、FMF、体积谱分布、复折射指数及直接辐射强迫变化特征,结果表明,受春季沙尘天气和夏季气溶胶吸湿增长及二次转化生成影响,春、夏季AOD值分别为0.64和0.61,明显高于秋、冬季,AE季节变化在0.99~1.29.气溶胶粒子体积谱分布呈双峰型特征,粗、细模态粒径谱的峰值分别在春、夏季达到最高,值分别为0.07和0.05μm³/μm².当AOD>0.4时,细模态粒子峰值浓度明显升高并与粗模态粒子峰值浓度接近.夏季SSA达到0.93,复折射指数实部为1.43,虚部为0.07.冬季AAOD值为0.10,AAE为1.15.较强消光能力的气溶胶粒子集中在AAE为1.0~1.2,SSA为0.90~0.95的范围内.天津地区气溶胶类型主要为混合吸收型粒子,占比为40%,其次为细模态吸收性粒子,占比为33%.气溶胶散射消光能力与相对湿度和FMF增长有直接关系,相对湿度高于60%情况下,气溶胶多为第Ⅲ~第Ⅵ类,当气溶胶为第Ⅶ类时,FMF<0.4;为第Ⅴ类时,FMF为0.4~1.0;为第Ⅰ~第Ⅲ类时,FMF为0.8~1.0.地面、大气层顶和大气中的气溶胶直接辐射强迫均值分别为-71.9,-14.9和57.1W/m².气溶胶直接辐射强迫与AOD和SSA密切相关,增加单位AOD值,大气层顶、地面和大气中气溶胶直接辐射强迫分别变化-28.4,-99.4和70.9W/m²,其与SSA的相关系数分别为-0.85、0.89和-0.93.随着SSA增大,地面和大气的直接辐射强迫效率绝对值减小,大气层顶直接辐射强迫效率从加热效应逐步转变为冷却效应.对2021年3月9~16日一次雾霾-沙尘天气过程的分析,发现雾霾天气中以城市-工业型气溶胶类型的细粒子污染为主,气溶胶粒子吸湿增长导致细粒子的粒径随污染物的积累增长,同时增强气溶胶的散射能力及其对近地面的冷却作用,对边界层发展起到抑制作用,造成污染物与边界层之间的正反馈机制.

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关键词 ：气溶胶, 光学特性, 直接辐射强迫, 太阳光度计, 天津

Abstract：Based on the analysis of solar radiometer observation data in Tianjin in 2021, we have obtained the variation characteristics of AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth), AE (Angstrom Exponent), FMF (Fine Mode Fraction), volume size distribution, complex refractive index, and direct radiative forcing. The research results indicated that affected by the sand-dust weather in spring and the hygroscopic growth and secondary conversion of aerosols in summer, the AOD values in spring and summer were 0.64 and 0.61 respectively, significantly higher than those in autumn and winter. The seasonal variation of AE in Tianjin ranged from 0.99 to 1.29. The volume spectrum distribution of aerosol particles exhibited a bimodal distribution characteristic. The peaks of the coarse and fine mode particle size spectrum reached of the highest in spring and summer respectively, with values of 0.07μm³/μm² and 0.05 μm³/μm² respectively. When AOD was greater than 0.4, the peak concentration of fine mode particles increaseed significantly and approaches the peak concentration of coarse mode particles. In summer, SSA reached 0.93, with the real part of the complex refractive index being 1.43 and the imaginary part being 0.07. In winter, the AAOD value was 0.10, and AAE was 1.15. Aerosol particles with strong extinction capability were concentrated in the range of AAE from 1.0 to 1.2 and SSA from 0.90 to 0.95. The main aerosol types in Tianjin were mixed absorbing particles, accounting for 40%, followed by fine-mode absorbing particles at 33%. The scattering and extinction capability of aerosols had a direct relationship with the increased in relative humidity and FMF. When the relative humidity was higher than 60%, aerosols were mostly types of III to VI. When the aerosol was type of VII, FMF was less than 0.4; when the aerosol was type of V, FMF ranges from 0.4 to 1.0; and when the aerosol was types of I to III, FMF was 0.8 to 1.0. The mean values of aerosol direct radiative forcing at the ground, top of the atmosphere, and in the atmosphere were -71.9W/m², -14.9W/m², and 57.1W/m² respectively. The direct radiative forcing of aerosols was closely related to AOD and SSA. An increased in AOD by one unit resulted in changed in the direct radiative forcing of aerosols at the top of the atmosphere, ground, and in the atmosphereby -28.4W/m², -99.4W/m², and 70.9W/m², respectively. The correlation coefficients with SSA were -0.85, 0.89, and -0.93respectively. As SSA increaseed, the absolute values of the direct radiative forcing efficiency at the ground and in the atmosphere decrease, while the direct radiative forcing efficiency at the top of the atmosphere gradually shifted from a heating effect to a cooling effect. Through the analysis of a haze-dust weather process in Tianjin from March 9th to 16th, 2021, it was found that during the haze episode, fine particle pollution mainly occurred in the form of urban-industrial aerosol types. The hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles led to the increased in the size of fine particles as pollutants accumulated, enhancing the scattering ability of aerosols and their cooling effect on the near-surface air, thus inhibiting the development of the boundary layer and causing a positive feedback mechanism between pollutants and the boundary layer.

Key words： aerosol aerosol optical properties direct radiative forcing sun photometers Tianjin

收稿日期: 2024-05-07

PACS:

X513

基金资助:上甸子国家大气本底站开放研究课题(SDZ20220917);天津市气象局科研项目(202426ybxm18)

通讯作者: 刘敬乐,工程师,liujinglexxx@163.com E-mail: liujinglexxx@163.com

作者简介: 刘敬乐(1986-),男,天津人,工程师,硕士,主要从事大气边界层和环境气象研究.发表论文30余篇.liujinglexxx@163.com.

引用本文:

刘敬乐, 史静, 姜明, 蔡子颖, 姚青, 韩素芹. 天津地区气溶胶光学特性及直接辐射强迫研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(12): 6590-6599. LIU Jing-le, SHI Jing, JIANG Ming, CAI Zi-ying, YAO Qing, HAN Su-qin. Aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing in Tianjin. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2024, 44(12): 6590-6599.

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http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I12/6590

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