Advances in persulfate activated by carbon-based materials for degradation of antibiotics
GUO Yan-fei1,2, GUO Zhuang2, WANG Hui-feng3, WEI Jian2, XU Dong-yao1
1. College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Institute of Water Eco-environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; 3. Environmental Technology & Engineering Co. Ltd, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Abstract：The persulfate-based advanced oxidation technology for antibiotic-containing wastewater treatment has become a current research hotspot in water treatment. Carbon-based materials have been used as green materials for activating persulfate due to their chemical stability and absence of secondary pollution. However, the catalytic activity of undoped or modified carbon materials is limited. This paper reviews strategies to enhance the catalytic performance of carbon materials, including non-metallic doping, metal doping, and carbon-based composites, and summarizes the new active sites formed by these strategies, as well as the connection between the types of active species produced by activated persulfate. In conjunction with the existing studies on the degradation of antibiotics by activated persulfate in carbon-based materials, the mechanisms of activation of persulfate by carbon-based materials (including free radicals, single-linear oxygen, electron transfer, and high-valent metal-oxygen species), and the methods to identify and determine the active species are concluded. Finally, the susceptible oxidation sites of tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones antibiotics, their linkages with active species, as well as the application of this technology in treating antibiotic-containing waters. These results can provide a reference for the development of carbon-based catalysts with high catalytic performance and stability, and their application to activated persulfate systems for efficient antibiotic degradation.
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