In this study, the enhanced efficiency of an anaerobic reactor containing sepiolite and biochar for treatment swine wastewater was investigated, respectively. The impacts of sepiolite and biochar on the components of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of anaerobic sludge were also evaluated using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The results showed that the anaerobic reactor containing sepiolite or biochar could improve the removal of both COD and ammonia nitrogen. Using sepiolite and biochar, the average removal rate of COD increased by 10.1% and 15.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximal removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen reached to 50.9% and 71.5%, respectively. With regard to the SMP of the sludge, the absorption peaks at 2930cm^-1, 1460cm^-1 abated in the FTIR spectra. It was indicated that sepiolite effectively removed great molecule organic substances in the swine wastewater. On the other hand, the intensity of the absorption peak of fulvic acid-like (Ex/Em=340nm/420nm) was reduced in the EEM spectra using biochar. It was demonstrated that biochar improved the quality of the reactor effluent. In terms of the EPS of the sludge, the intensity of the absorption peaks of protein-like (Ex/Em=225nm/340nm) and tryptophan PN-like (Ex/Em=340nm/420nm) increased in the EEM spectra containing biochar. It was denoted that the augment of the protein content was in favour of the anaerobic granular sludge flocculation. Besides, the absorption peak of coenzyme F₄₂₀ (Ex/Em=420nm/470nm) also appeared in the EEM spectra. It was illustrated that the activity of methanogens in the anaerobic reactor was intensified, which ensured the enhanced efficiency of the anaerobic reactor for treatment swine wastewater.