CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
 
 
CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
　　　　　　　　    More    
Online Submission
Manuscript Tracking
Peer Review
Editor Work
Office Work
Editor-in-chief
Forthcoming Articles
Current Issue
Archive
Advanced Search
Read Articles
Download Articles
Instruction
Template
Copyright Agreement
More   
  Current Issue
 
2011 Vol.31 Issue.1,Published 2011-01-19
1 Chemical characteristics of atmospheric dustfall and PM10 in Hangzhou
XU Hong, LIN Feng-Mei, BI Xiao-Hui, JIAO Li, FENG Yin-Chang, HONG Sheng-Mao, LIU Wen-Gao
Samples of dustfall and PM10 as well as source samples of PM10 were collected from June 2006 to May 2008 at four monitoring stations of Hangzhou City. Twelve metals were quantified: chromium, manganese, nickel, lead, zinc, cobalt, aluminum, iron, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium. The deposited dust amount and concentration of PM10 was lower than most of the other cities in China. The dustfall and PM10 had different seasonal changing-mode. The similarity of spatial distribution implicated that both the amount of dustfall and concentration of PM10 were influenced by human activities. The chemical components of PM10 between Zhaohui and Yuquan were similar, whereas there was no high similarity between PM10 and dustfall in those sampling stations. Combined with the profiles of three PM10 sources, the similarity between PM10 and its sources was higher than that between dustfall and PM10 sources. It indicated that the dustfall and PM10 might come from different sources and it may cause the differences between the chemical characteristics of the dustfall and that of PM10.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 337 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 517KB] ( 1713 )
8 Simulation of extinction and radiant effect of aerosol in spring of Tianjin City
HAN Su-Qin, ZHANG Yu-Fen, LI Ying-Hua, LI Xiang-Jin
The size distribution of aerosol number concentration in haze days and non-haze days during spring in Tianjin was fitted based on the measured particle number concentrations by the Grimm instrument. According to the chemical composition of aerosol over the same period, the extinction characteristics of ambient aerosol in haze days and non-haze days were calculated using Mie theory model. The optical parameters of aerosol in the atmospheric radiation transmission model LOWTRAN7 was modified and radiant flux densities on the ground in haze days and non-haze days were simulated. The average extinction coefficient and scattering coefficient of atmospheric aerosol were 0.253km-1and 0.213 km-1 in non-haze days, while 0.767km-1and 0.665 km-1 in haze days. The model calculated shortwave radiant flux densities in haze days and non-haze days showed fairly agreement with the observation results.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 8-12 [Abstract] ( 330 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 464KB] ( 1160 )
13 Size distributions of concentrations and chemical components in Hangzhou atmospheric particles
FAN Xue-Bo, LIU Wei, WANG Guang-Hua, LIN Jun, FU Qing-Yan, GAO Song, LI Yan
Size distributions of mass concentrations and chemical components in Hangzhou atmospheric particles were determined. The chemical components consisted of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon(EC), 11kinds of water-soluble ions, and 20kinds of trace elements. The size distributions of mass concentrations appeared significantly a bi-modal with peaks in the particles with size of <0.49μm and 3.00~7.20μm, respectively, as well as those of chemical components of OC, EC, SO42-, NO3-, K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO2- and F-. The OC, EC, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+ and trace elements of Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sb, Cd derived from anthropogenic sources mainly focused in fine particulate matters (<3.0μm), so this suggested that a serious secondary pollution existed in the fine particles, and the fine particles were mainly affected by the anthropogenic sources derived from industrial and traffic pollutions.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 13-18 [Abstract] ( 382 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 442KB] ( 1783 )
19 Siding nitrogen removal from digestion liquid by simultaneous sludge fermentation and wastewater denitrification
ZHANG Shu-Jun, HAN Xiao-Yu, ZHANG Liang, MENG Chun-Lin, CHANG Jiang, GAN Yi-Ping, PENG Yong-Zhen
External carbon source and alkalinity need to be supplied for nitrogen removal from digestion liquid with high concentrations of ammonia, low C/N ratio and low concentrations of alkalinity by traditional nitrogen removal technologies. In this investigation, a novel system consisted of an A/O reactor and SIFEDEN (SImultaneous FErmentation and DENitrification) reactor was used for nitrogen removal from digestion liquid. Firstly, nitritation of digestion liquid was finished in the A/O reactor. Secondly, nitrite and nitrate in effluent of the A/O reactor were removed in the SIFEDEN reactor by using primary sludge hydrolyzed and fermented as carbon sources. Total nitrogen removal efficiency of digestion liquid was about 87% and volatile suspended solid (VSS) of primary sludge was decreased by about 49%. The reciprocal relation between sludge fermentation and digestion liquid denitrification and variation of pH in the SIFEDEN reactor were investigated. When effluent of the system was reflowed into mainstream of wastewater treatment plant after accomplishing highly effective siding nitrogen removal, the C/N ratio of raw municipal wastewater was not decreased to improve nitrogen removal efficiency of municipal wastewater.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 19-24 [Abstract] ( 273 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 457KB] ( 894 )
25 Combined internal electrolysis/SMBR process for treatment of reactive anthraquinone dye wastewater
QIN Lei, WANG Wei, ZHANG Guo-Liang, MENG Qin
Wastewater containing reactive brilliant blue X-BR anthraquinone dye was treated by internal electrolysis coupled with submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR), in which the self-made PVDF hollow fiber membrane modules were applied. During the experiments performance of SMBR-3 with internal electrolysis water directly entering was compared with SMBR-4 in which water entered after regulating pH to 9~10. The rates of both two SMBR on CODCr and NH4+-N removal were high, but the efficiency on TN removal was very different, in which SMBR-3 had a high rate of 92.9% compared to just 67.5% for SMBR-4. The mean particle diameter of activated sludge in SMBR-3 was 34μm bigger than SMBR-4, and the change of EPS quantity was in the same trend. Some extra filamentous bacteria in microorganism surface texture were observed in solution which predicted the relative intricacy of cultures. The bio-ferric sludge forming in SMBR-3 was found to be useful to alleviate membrane fouling and made the flux decline become slower.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 25-31 [Abstract] ( 263 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1078KB] ( 1042 )
32 Prediction model for nitrate removal efficiency of saline water in solid-phase denitrification packed-bed reactors
LAI Cai-Sheng, TAN Hong-Xin, LUO Guo-Zhi, RUAN Bin-Jie, SUN Da-Chuan, WANG Zhi-Yong
The PBS (polybutylene succinate) pellets were investigated as the simultaneous solid carbon source and the biofilm carrier for the nitrate removal of the synthetic saline wastewater. Nitrate was removed effectively when the water temperature was (29±1)℃.Based on the theory of response surface methodology (RSM), effects of influent nitrate concentrations and hydraulic retention time were explored with the nitrate removal efficiency as the response value. Influent nitrate concentration, hydraulic retention time and their corresponding relationship had significant impacts on response objective. Base on the value of multiple regressions, the predictive polynomial quadratic equation model was established. Predictions inferred from the model were in good agreement with the experimental data that obtained from actual operation by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 32-37 [Abstract] ( 270 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 612KB] ( 1339 )
44 Catalytic electrolysis removal of nitrate in water by modified Ti substrate electrodes
YE Shu-Fan, HU Xiao-Min, DONG Jun, ZHANG Yang, HE Ying-Dian
A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to investigate a new method of NO3--N removal in a septum-free electrolysis system based on simulated wastewater, i.e. 50mg/L NO3--N. CuO modified-Ti and SnO2-Sb2O5 modified-Ti were prepared via pyrolyticprocess and adopted as cathode and anode, respectively. CuO modified-Ti cathode could work as catalyst to reduce NO3--N and the resulting rate of removal increased with the increasing in current density, space between electrodes, stirring intensity and reaction time. A high rate of removal (93.8%) was obtained when applying current density at 10mA/cm2, space between electrodes at 9mm, stirring intensity at middle-scale for 150 min. In addition, NH4+-N which was the reduction product of NO3--N could be oxidized to N2-N under the support electrolysis of Cl-. With a starting NaCl concentration at 600mg/L, current density at 10mA/cm2, space between electrodes at 9mm, stirring intensity at middle-scale for 120 min, the removal rate of NO3--N and TN is 89.3% and 86.9%, respectively, and no NO2--N or NH4+-N were detected. The NO3--N reducing mechanism may be O in NOx fixed by Cu adsorbing, then gradual reduced via reductant attacking N—O. In addition, NH4+-N oxidized to N2 due to the HOCl generation from anode electrolysis of Cl-
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 44-49 [Abstract] ( 313 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 429KB] ( 1268 )
50 Removal of PAHs from aqueous solution by the surface modified-stalk environmental biomaterials
HE Jiao, KONG Huo-Liang, GAO Yan-Zheng
The sesame stalks were pyrolyzed and charred for 8h in the range of 300~700℃, and then surface modified by H3PO4, the stalk environmental biomaterials was prepared. The BET specific surface areas, methylene blue and iodine adsorption capacity of the stalk environmental biomaterials were determined. The sorption efficiency of these materials on single polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and mixing PAHs naphthalene, acenaphthene, and phenanthrene were investigated at different solid-liquid ratios, respectively. The BET specific surface areas of stalk biomaterials enlarged, and the sorption ability on methylene blue and iodine enhanced with increasing the treatment temperature. The maximum values observed at 700°C were 269.95m2/g and 434, 150mg/g, respectively. The obtained stalk biomaterials could effectively remove the PAHs from water. For instance, 94.44%, 95.47%, and100% of naphthalene, acenaphthene, and phenanthrene in 32 mL water were removed by 0.01g biomaterials obtained by sesame stalk at 700℃. And these stalk environmental biomaterials higher than those without H3PO4-modified under the same conditions. Results of this work would provide some insight into the reuse of crop stalks, and also open a new view on the treatment of organic polluted water utilizing biomaterials.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 50-55 [Abstract] ( 282 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 618KB] ( 1127 )
56 Effect of preservation temperature and time on ANAMMOX sludge activity
LI Xiang, ZHENG Yu-Hui, HUANG Yong, YUAN Yi
Variation of the activity of the ANAMMOX bacteria and its recovery were investigated by preserving the ANAMMOX sludge under different temperature and time. The preserving temperature and time had obvious effect on the activity of the ANAMMOX bacteria. The effect of normal temperature (15±2)℃ and low temperature (5±2)℃ on the activity was little, the activity sharply decreased, or even lost, under moderate temperature (30±2)℃ and freezing (-20±2)℃ temperature. The rapid reduction of the activity was observed before 30d, and then it kept constant relatively until the end. According to damped exponential model, the damped exponential was 0.0324 under normal temperature, indicating that it was less than that under other temperatures. The paper also lists preserving ways according to the impact of the preserving temperature and time, to make sure the sludge activity recovery in very short time.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 56-61 [Abstract] ( 335 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 677KB] ( 1523 )
62 The process of using flat-sheet membrane for thickening and digestion of waste activated sludge
WANG Xin-Hua, WU Zhi-Chao, LI Xiu-Fen
The mechanisms of sludge digestion and membrane fouling in the process of using flat-sheet membrane for simultaneous thickening and digestion of waste activated sludge (MSTD) were investigated in a pilot-scale reactor. In the MSTD process, the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) reached approximate 34.2g/L from 3.6g/L, and the destruction efficiencies of MLSS and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) were about 47% and 52%, respectively. The MSTD process successfully realized simultaneous thickening and digestion of waste activated sludge after the operation of 15d. According to the variations of dissolved oxygen (DO), the digestion mechanisms of the MSTD process could be divided into two stages, similarly aerobic and anaerobic digestion, which degraded the biopolymers linked by divalent and iron cations, respectively. The membrane permeability of the MSTD process intensively declined due to the violent variations of sludge properties caused by the filtration of membrane and sludge digestion, and the MLSS, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) had significant impacts on membrane fouling.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 62-67 [Abstract] ( 303 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 493KB] ( 1074 )
68 Effect of green wastes mixing on VSCs emission during MSW composting
ZHANG Jing, YU Lin-Zhong, HE Pin-Jing, ZHANG Hua, SHAO Li-Ming
Four kinds of green wastes were co-composted with municipal solid waste (MSW) to investigate their influence on the emission of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), i.e., methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide during composting. VSCs emission mainly occurred at the initial phase (the first 6days) of composting in all scenarios, with significantly different concentrations. The scenario adopting sweet potato vine mixed with MSW showed the highest accumulated emission concentrations of all the detected VSCs, while another two scenarios taking soybean straw and pterocarpus leaves as accessory composting materials had lower accumulated emission concentrations, which were about 16.0% to 74.3% of those in the former scenario, respectively. The VSCs emissions of the three scenarios were lower than those of MSW mono-composting. The level of VSCs emission increased with the organics content, while decreased with the polyphenol content. Methyl mercaptan was the major VSC to be treated in order to control the odors emission. There were more VSCs emission under conditions with low oxygen content, and tropic green wastes enriched in polyphenol had an inhibitory effect to the VSCs emission during composting.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 68-72 [Abstract] ( 283 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 366KB] ( 994 )
73 Effects of nitrogen sources on anaerobic digestion process of wheat straw
CHEN Guang-Yin, ZHENG Zheng, CHANG Zhi-Zhou, YE Xiao-Mei, LUO Yan
Effects of nitrogen sources on anaerobic digestion process of wheat straw were investigated by batch model at (35±1)℃. The results indicated that, the biogas productivity of wheat straw without nitrogen recourse was slow and the biogas yield was 323.97mL/g VS with 64.38% of methane content. Various forms of nitrogen and total nitrogen increased dramatically and ammonium nitrogen and organic nitrogen were dominant after anaerobic digestion. Lignin content increased with the degradation of cellulose, semi-cellulose and other organic matter. Addition of nitrogen sources improved the biodegradability of wheat straw and the biogas yield by 35.37%~50.20%, but didn’t affect the methane content. Compared with control, ammonium nitrogen was the mainly form in the fermentation liquid of all treatments after anaerobic digestion and the ratio of ammonium nitrogen to total nitrogen were up to 70% except potassium nitrate (only 54.60%). There was no significant difference of nitrate nitrogen content of fermentation liquid between nitrogen sources added and control. With nitrogen sources added, the decomposition of cellulose and semi-cellulose was improved, but didn’t affect the destruction of crystalline of cellulose. The best efficacy to anaerobic digestion of wheat straw was obtained by adding urea.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 73-77 [Abstract] ( 282 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 399KB] ( 1359 )
78 Influence of pH and ions on sorption of norfloxacin on humic acid
ZHANG Qin, HUANG Guan-Yi, ZHAO Ling, DONG Yuan-Hua
The influences of pH, concentrations of Ca2+, and ion types on sorption characteristics of norfloxacin (Nor) on humic acid (HA) were investigated by batch equilibrium studies according to OECD Guideline 106. Sorption coefficient (Kd) tended to increase with pH increasing in the range of 3.0~4.0, but to decrease as pH increase in the range of 6.0~7.0. The Kd values had two peaks at pH 4.0 and 6.0 than those at other tested pH values. The FTIR spectra of HA before and after hydrogen bonds were favorably formed at pH 3.0 between HA and Nor, while peptide bonds were likely formed between carboxyl group of HA and amino group of Nor at pH 6.0 and 7.0. The Kd values and sorption amounts of Nor gradually decreased with the increasing concentration of Ca2+, indicating that the cation exchange and completion sorption occurred between Nor and Ca2+. Addition of different cations and anions in solution led to different sorption characteristics of Nor. The valencies of different cations played the dominating role in affecting the sorption of Nor on HA. The higher valencies cations, the more strongly cations were adsorbed on surface sorption sites of HA, resulting in the following order of the maximum sorption amounts (Qm) for Nor: M+ (Na+、K+、NH4+) > M2+ (Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+). On the other hand, the radius and the hydrolysis of cations could also influence the sorption of Nor. The inhibition effect of anions on Nor sorption became pronounced when the hydrolytic anions were added in solution.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 78-83 [Abstract] ( 288 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 407KB] ( 1049 )
84 Adsorption characteristics of olaquindox by five soils
ZHANG Chong, GE Feng, DAN Zheng-Jun, SONG Ning-Hui, KONG De-Yang
The adsorption of olaquindox onto five soils including Northeast China black soil, Changshu paddy soil, Shanxi fluvo-aquic soil, Nanjing yellow brown soil, and Jiangxi red soil was investigated using batch equilibration technique and the factors governing the adsorption were investigated. The sorption of olaquindox could be well fitted by both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm for each type of the soils. Sorption distribution coefficients KF of five tested soils were 2.813, 1.740, 0.446, 0.309, and 0.201, respectively, suggesting that olaquindox is only slightly adsorbed on the soils. The values of KF wer well correlated to certain physical-chemical properties of the soils such as organic matter contents and cation exchange capacity. A poor relationship was found between KF and pH or clay contents of the soils. The sorption of olaquindox on the soils was also affected by temperature and ionic strength. Lower temperature and ionic strength favor to the sorption.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 84-89 [Abstract] ( 314 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 441KB] ( 1044 )
90 Concentration and distribution of tetracycline antibiotics in soils from vegetable fields of dongguan City
TAI Yi-Ping, MO Ce-Hui, LI Yan-Wen, WU Xiao-Lian, WANG Ji-Yang, SU Qing-Yun
The concentration and distribution of four tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) including tetracycline(TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC) and deoxytetracycline (DC) in soils from 24 typical vegetable fields in 18 towns of Dongguan city using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was discussed. The total concentrations of four tetracycline antibiotics (∑TCs) ranged from 0 (below LOQ) to 97.04μg/kg, which predominated with under 10μg/kg and averaged at 13.42μg/kg. The concentrations of four tetracycline compounds detected in 59~89% of the samples ranged from 0 (below LOQ) to 75.29μg/kg which falls mostly bellow 10μg/kg. Oxytetracycline which averaged at 6.51μg/kg was dominant compound, followed by chlortetracycline and deoxytetracycline which averaged at 2.95μg/kg and 2.92μg/kg respectively. The concentration and constitute of tetracycline compounds in soils from different vegetable fields varied greatly, consisting mainly of four models, i.e. the first one dominated with oxytetracycline, the second one dominated with chlortetracycline, the third one dominated with deoxytetracycline, and the last one dominated with both oxytetracycline and deoxytetracycline. However, the concentrations and constitute of tetracycline compounds in soils grown different cultivars within the same vegetable fields varied weakly. The concentrations of tetracycline antibiotics in soils from vegetable fields of Dongguan city were generally lower and less ecotoxic risk for soil ecosystem. But it should not be ignored as to combined toxic effect and resistance of various compounds.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 90-95 [Abstract] ( 300 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 395KB] ( 1421 )
96 Microbial source tracking of the pollution in pond-drinking water in a country of Guangdong
FENG Guang-Da, DENG Ming-Rong, GUO Jun, ZHU Hong-Hui, YANG Song-Zhen, LIANG Hao-Liang, ZHU Chang-Xiong
Pollution sources of the typical rural pond-drinking water were studied in a country of Guangdong using molecular typing methods such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR. Escherichia coli was the indicating microorganism in microbial source tracking (MST). The fingerprints of E. coli from different samples were analyzed using Quantity One. It was showed that the superficial layer well had the same genotyping E. coli with the pond water beside it. Therefore, they might have the same pollution carrier. Or the pond resulted in the pollution of superficial layer well. The ability in discriminating E. coli strains was different, such as PFGE>BOX-PCR>ERIC-PCR. BOX-PCR was the most suitable molecular typing method for microbial source tracking. In view of limitation of the culture-dependent methods, we should pay more attention to the combination with culture-independent methods in the future MST.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 96-104 [Abstract] ( 322 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 627KB] ( 1290 )
105 Effect of microorganisms on adsorption capacities of Pb and Cd on main chemical components in sediments
LU Yong-Zheng, YAN Bai-Xing
The effect of microorganisms on physical and chemical characteristics of main chemical components in sediments and the mechanism were studies by analyzing surface areas and adsorption capacities of Pb and Cd on the composites of Fe and Mn oxides and humic acid with microorganisms in Songhua River. Surface area of Mn oxides was larger than Fe oixdes and humic acid, and all of them increased on different degrees after combined with microorganisms. But surface areas of three materials were not direct proportion to the adsorption capacities of Pb and Cd, which were mainly atributed to different adsorption mechanisms of heavy metals on them. The adorption capacities of the composites could not predicted by the addition model, namely that adsorption amounts of the composites were less than the sum of each component, indicating that the microorganisms coverd parts of surface functional groups of Fe and Mn oxides and humic acid.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 105-110 [Abstract] ( 288 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1053KB] ( 1079 )
111 Isolation and characterization of two algicidal actinomycetes against Heterosigma akashiwo
YU Feng-Juan, XU Ling-Ling, CHENG Kai, WU Gang, YANG Ji-Fang, CHEN Ji-Gang, ZHAO Jin
Two algae-lysing actinomycetes, named as B-10 and G-11, were isolated from the soil in Wuhan. Their algicidal effect on Heterosigma akashiwo, Scrippsiella trochoidea, Prorocentrum minimum and Golden algae were tested, and the algicidal mechanisms were discussed. The two Actinomycetes were then identified according to their characteristics in morphology, physiological and biochemical properties and 16S rDNA sequences. Actinomycetes B-10 and G-11 could remove 90% and 99.44% of H. akashiwo at the inoculum dose of 1%(V/V) in 5 days, respectively; B-10 and G-11 could also remove P. minimum and G. algae ; the algicidal abilities of the B-10 and G-11 were stable in the culture of 5 generations; both B-10 and G-11 lysed H. akashiwo by releasing algicidal substances, which were susceptible to the temperature higher than 100℃; B-10 belongs to Streptomyces microflavus and G-11 belongs to Streptomyces variabilis.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 111-115 [Abstract] ( 280 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 413KB] ( 945 )
116 Identification and activity of a bacterial strain for the biodegradation of microcystins
WU Juan, ZHONG Sheng, WANG Guang-Yun, LI Yu-Cheng
A microcystin-degrading bacterial strain M9 isolated from Chaohu Lake was identified by physiological- biochemical characteristics and homology analysis of 16S rDNA gene sequence. BLAST sequence analysis showed that it had a 99% similarity to kurthia gibsonii. The effects of pH, additional carbon and nitrogen sources, and metal ions on the biodegradation activity of microcystins (MCs) by strain M9 were investigated. pH7.0 was the best value for the biodegradation of MCs by strain M9.Compared with glucose and glycerol, ethanol was found to be a better carbon source for the biodegradation of MCs by strain M9, and the biodegradation rates of microcystin-RR(MC-RR) and microcystin- LR(MC-LR) in 48h were 70.0% and 81.4%, respectively. (NH4)2SO4 was the best nitrogen source for strain M9 comparing with other nitrogen sources, and the biodegradation rates of MC-RR and MC-LR in 48h were 70.4% and 80.9%, respectively. It was shown that the biodegradation of MCs could be increased with Cu2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+, and the biodegradation rates of MC-RR and MC-LR in 48h were higher than 85% and 93%, respectively. However, obvious acceleration with Fe3+ and Mg2+ for the biodegradation of MCs was not observed.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 116-122 [Abstract] ( 354 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 430KB] ( 1378 )
123 Heavy metals contamination and potential ecological risk in the sediment of the sea areas around south subtropical islands, China
SUN Yuan-Min, CHEN Bin, HUANG Hai-Ping, MA Zhi-Yuan, YU Wei-Wei
According to the ecological characteristics and geographical distribution of south subtropical islands, 9 representative islands were selected in southern China. The method of Hankanson index was applied to assess quality status and potential ecological risk of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, As, Hg) in the sediments of the sea areas around these islands. The sediments quality of the study area was generally good, but the contents of Hg and As was slightly higher than reference values in some sea areas. Hg had medium potential ecological risk in the sea area of Zini Island. Pearson correlation analysis showed significantly negative correlation between values of RI and evenness index (J’) as well as biomass of macrobenthic community, indicating the ecological response to heavy metals pollution.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 123-130 [Abstract] ( 261 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 712KB] ( 1509 )
131 The effect of cyanobacteria on dissolved organic carbon post the bloom in autumn in Western Lake Taihu
YE Lin-Lin, SHI Xiao-Li, WU Xiao-Dong, LI Da-Ming, YU Yang, KONG Fan-Xiang
Surface water sample from western Lake Taihu was collected monthly from July 2009 to March 2010. Chlorophyll a, cyanobacterial cell lysis rate, phosphate concentration were analyzed. Meanwhile high molecular weight (1kDa~0.5μm) dissolved organic carbon was separated by cross-flow ultrafiltration, and its concentration as well as the carbon to nitrogen ratio were measured. The highest cyanobacterial cell lysis rate (0.43d-1) was observed in November, while the maximum phosphate and high molecular weight dissolved organic carbon concentration was observed in December and September, respectively. No significant relationships were concluded between cell lysis rate and phosphate concentration, as well as high molecular weight dissolved organic carbon concentration. Cyanobacterial cell lysis rate was one of the factors that affect the levels of phosphate and high molecular weight dissolved organic carbon. The surrounding phosphate level was contributed to the phosphorus fractions transformation between organic phosphorus and phosphate. High molecular weight dissolved organic carbon in lake could be associated with other factors such as wind-induced resuspension of sediments and the frequent activity of bacteria through the microbial carbon loop. Compared to the nitrogen compounds, the carbon compounds were easily degraded, which resulted the decrease of carbon to nitrogen ratio after the bloom. Furthermore, the decrease of carbon to nitrogen ratio could have also been due to an increase in dissolved organic nitrogen produced from nitrate by heterotrophic bacteria.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 131-136 [Abstract] ( 414 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 382KB] ( 2021 )
137 Diagnostic models research for Cd stress of rice based on canopy multi-dimensional spectra
JIN Ming, LIU Xiang-南, LI Tie-Ying
The variation of physiological characteristic parameters in Cd -induced stress on rice is complex and unobvious, which lead to subtle changes in spectral curve shape. Some methods were used to enhance and extract subtle spectral feature information associated with heavy metal pollution. Hyperspectral data of rice canopy and biochemical parameters were measured. Three methods were used, namely principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA) and fractal analysis. Spectral parameters sensitive to Cd contamination, namely F1, ICA1 and fractal dimension of spectral reflectance (D), were obtained by different methods. The above sensitive factors were used to establish one-dimensional diagnosis model for rice under Cd contamination with satisfactory results. The correlation coefficient (R2) between three sensitive spectral parameters and Cd concentration were above 0.8. In addition, stable, sensitive and visual diagnostic methods were achieved by two-dimensional and three-dimensional diagnostic models with three diagnostic indicators. Multi-dimensional spectral diagnostic models can provide an effective way to monitor rice under Cd Stress comprehensivly, systematically on a large scale.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 137-143 [Abstract] ( 406 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 440KB] ( 1898 )
144 Heavy metal content characteristics and assessment of rice grain from Qianguo Irrigation Area, Jilin Province
ZHU Li-Lu, YAN Bai-Xing, WANG Li-Xia
A total of 23 rice grain samples were collected from paddy fields with different irrigation histories in Qianguo Irrigation Area, which is located in the downstream of the Second Songhua River basin, in the fall of 2008. Concentrations of Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr in rice flesh and hulls were determined and risks were assessed based on relative national standards of China. The concentrations of Hg in rice flesh increased with irrigation histories of the paddy fields while no significant relationships were found between the other metal elements and irrigation histories. The heavy metal concentrations in rice flesh and hulls from paddy fields with different irrigation histories took similar orders. The concentrations of Zn in rice flesh were higher than in rice hulls while the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, and Ni were opposite. Using the monomial pollution index method, only one rice flesh sample was detected with higher Ni than the national standard. The composite pollution indexes of rice flesh ranged from 0.33 to 0.91, with the average of 0.51, which was considered to be in the level of security. The results show that the historical pollution of the Second Songhua River resulted in the bioaccumulation of Hg in rice flesh, but it has not posed ecological risks. Consequently, after the Hadashan Reservoir depending on the Second Songhua River as water source is built, the irrigation will pose low ecological risks to the food security in this area.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 144-149 [Abstract] ( 314 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 457KB] ( 839 )
150 Joint toxicity and its mechanism of cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride and fluoranthene on Chlorella vulgaris
YANG Liang, GE Fei, YU Fang-Qin, XU Yin, ZHU Run-Liang, ZHU Men-Jun, WANG Jing
Joint toxicity of cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) together with fluoranthene (Flu) on Chlorella vulgaris was investigated by batch culture in laboratory. The joint toxicity of binary mixture of CTAC and Flu on Chlorella vulgaris changed from synergetic effect (0~22.50μg/L) to antagonetic effect (22.50~100.84μg/L) with increasing concentrations of Flu in the range of 0~100.84μg/L. The strongest synergetic effect (RI=2.01) was observed in the presence of 1.13μg/L Flu, and the percentage of inhibition of biomass increased from 37.5% to 80.9%, while the absorption of nitrogen and iron declined from 0.27mg to 0.083mg and from 9.18 μg to 2.14μg, respectively. At the same time, Zeta potential of algal cell increased from-10.0 mV to-8.3 mV, and chlorophyll-a and soluble protein content declined from 5.00mg/L to 2.57mg/L and from 80.65μg/mg to 50.36μg/mg, respectively. Above phenomena indicates that CTAC and Flu combined pollution system increased the Zeta potential of algal cell and thus inhibits the absorption of nitrogen and iron, which subsequently decreased the chlorophyll-a and protein content.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 150-155 [Abstract] ( 288 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 456KB] ( 1046 )
156 Relationship between resources use and economic growth in Fujian Province: an ARDL approach
WANG Yuan, GUO Pei-Kun, ZHOU Jing, ZHU Xiao-Dong, LU Gen-Fa
Material flow analysis (MFA) approach and the newly developed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach were integrated to examine the relationship between resource use and real GDP for Fujian Province, during the period of 1990-2008. The proxy variable of resource use could be estimated by measuring direct material input (DMI), a sub-account of MFA. A long-run equilibrium cointegration relationship could be found to exist between resource use and the explanatory variable: economic growth, using the ARDL bounds testing. The long-run parameter of economic growth on resource use was estimated to be approximately 0.73 through a long-run static solution of the ARDL model, and that for the short-run was estimated by the error correction model. The long-run Granger causality could also be found to exist from economic growth to resource use. Some suggestions on economic development and resource conservation strategies for Fujian Province were proposed as a result. Furthermore, the fresh idea and methodology employed in this study could be readily extended to cover other regions for the analysis on the causal link between resource use and economic development.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 156-162 [Abstract] ( 276 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 486KB] ( 2299 )
163 Analysis on estimation of CO2 emission on household energy consumption in Tianjin
FENG Rui, ZHU Tan, CHEN Sheng-Nan, ZHANG Mo
According to methodologies and emission default values in 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, a carbon emission model integrating residential and traffic energy consumption (CERTEC) was developed to estimate the household CO2 emission per capita between 2006 and 2008 in Tianjin, China. The proportion of Household CO2 emission in the total energy related CO2 emission was also calculated. The primary findings of the research are as follows, Household CO2 emission levels and intensities both increased between 2006 and 2008 in Tianjin, and the Household CO2 emission increased by 13.7% between 2006 and 2008. Then the results were analyzed in terms of industrial structure and energy consumption.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 163-169 [Abstract] ( 298 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 465KB] ( 1805 )
170 Agricultural land￠s ecological compensation criteria based on farmers and residents￠ willingness in Wuhan
CAI Yin-Ying, ZHANG An-Lu
The research estimates agricultural land￠s ecological compensation criteria based on the farmer households￠ willingness to supply and accept, and the residents’ willingness to demand and pay for the environment-friendly agricultural ecosystem services and products that use less fertilizers and pesticides in Wuhan. Several conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, from producers￠ supplies and consumers￠ demands on environment-friendly agricultural ecosystem services and products which restrict on chemical fertilizer and pesticide application, the proportion of producers￠ willingness to supply and accept compensation under different limitation standards is 69.32%~85.25%, and consumers￠ willingness to demand and compensate for the farmers under different limitation standards is 80.22%~85.16%. If the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides reduces by 50% and 100%, the producers` willingness to accept 3928.88 Yuan RMB to 8367.00 Yuan RMB per hectare per year, and the consumers￠ willingness to pay 3354.75 Yuan RMB to 8016.9 Yuan RMB per hectare per year. Secondly, 54.29% to 82.12% of the farmers are willing to produce environment-friendly agricultural products, and 71.98% to 82.42% of the residents are willing to consume environment-friendly agricultural products according to the analysis of the mimic market of agricultural comodities which control the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides When the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides reduces by 50% and 100%, the producers` willing to accept more than 1.65~2.66 yuan per kilogramme to produce and supply environment-friendly agricultural products compared with common products. The consumers are willing to pay environment-friendly agricultural products more than 0.78~1.828 yuan per kilogramme.
2011 Vol. 31 (1): 170-176 [Abstract] ( 264 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 382KB] ( 1213 )
中国环境科学
  News
More>>  
  下载中心
   Instruction
   Template
   Copyright Agreement
More>>  
  Links
   Ministry of Land and
　  Resources of the People,s
　  Republic of China
    CNKI
    WANFANG DATA
    CNPITC
More>>  
 
CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE
Links： China Association for Science and Technology　Chinese Society For Environmental Sciences　CNKI　WANGFANG DATA
Copyright © 2010 Editorial By China Environmental Science　　Support by Beijing Magtech Co.ltd, E-mail:support@magtech.com.cn