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2013 Vol.33 Issue.6,Published 2013-06-20
961 A simulation of dust aerosols source and sink distributions and vertical profiles in East Asia over 1995~2004.
XIONG Jie, ZHAO Tian-Liang, HAN Yong-Xiang, Gong S L
Based on the 10-years (1995~2004) aerosol simulations of the global aerosol model GEM-AQ/EC, Asian dust aerosol in respect of source and sink distributions and vertical profiles was investigated. Two major dust source regions in East Asia were distributed 1) over the desert areas from southern Mongolia to the middle and west Inner Mongolia; 2) the Taklimakan Desert in southern Xinjiang; Dust emissions reached the peak in spring, accounting for 66.81% of the annual dust emissions with the maximum value of 15.29 Mt in April. The Asian dust emissions weaken in summer, level up in autumn and bottom in winter. The significant inter-annual variations and an increasing trend in East Asian dust emissions were experienced over 1995~2004. The high dust depositions were found over East Asian emission areas. Dry dust deposition was a dominant dust removal process over deserts and the surrounding regions, while wet dust deposition was the major process over the long range transport path ways from Northeast China, Southern China, Korea, Japan to West Pacific. Dust deposition had the same seasonal variation to the dust emission and but an increasing trend over the 10 years. The regional dust emissions from East Asian dominated changes of East Asian dust aerosol, the maximum net dust sink areas were concentrated over the immediate downwind regions from the Loess Plateau to the western part of the North China Plain. Taking Asian East region as a whole, East Asian region were the net source of dust aerosol in spring, summer and autumn and but a dust sink in winter, when the strongest westerly jets import dust aerosol from dust sources beyond East Asia into East Asia. Over the most regions of East Asian continent, the vertical profiles of dust aerosols were structured with the high values below 3km in the lower troposphere, while the high dust concentrations were centered around 5km height in the mid-troposphere over the western Pacific and between 6km and 8km in the mid-and upper troposphere north of the desert areas.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 961-968 [Abstract] ( 265 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 998KB] ( 726 )
969 The influence of advective transport on the concentrations of pollutants at the top of mountain Huangshan from June to August, 2011.
ZHANG Lei, JIN Lian-Ji, ZHU Bin, YIN Yan
A parameter aimed to evaluate pollutants advective transport intensity was designed based on the residence time field of backword trajectory and pollutants emission intensity field. The parameter was evaluated by using the data of CO (carbon monoxide) and O3 (ozone) from June to August 2011 in Bright Summit of Mt Huang, and then the contributions of pollutants advective transport to this site were calculated. The potential source distributions of O3, which was assorted into three bins of O3 levels were investigated by a modified potential source contribution function (PSCF). Results showed that the advective transport parameters well reproduced the variation of CO and O3 concentrations respectively, indicating that advective transport played great impact on the change of CO and O3 at the site. The transport intensities of urban regions surrounding the border of Anhui,Hubei and Jiangxi province account for more than half of total intensities. The potential sources of O3 bins (>55×10-9, (30~55)×10-9, <30×10-9)at Bright Summit were mainly attributed to developed industrial zones in North China and Yangtze River Delta, industrial zones in the southwest and south and east China Sea, respectively. There were four advective transport types during the observations, which were classified into transport from crop residue burning, developed industrial zones, air masses originated from southwest and air masses originated from ocean. The CO/O3 concentration ratios (×10-9) of the four transport types were 474.47/72.50, 221.16/57.71, 86.31/30.41 and 51.67/27.45, respectively.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 969-978 [Abstract] ( 211 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1596KB] ( 611 )
979 Characteristics of alkyl-PAHs emitted from combustion of domestic coals
HAI Ting-Ting, CHEN Ying-Jun, WANG Yan, TIAN Chong-Guo, LIN Tian
A large-size, full-flow dilution and fractional sampling system was employed to collect samples of emissions from 20 different coal/stove combinations, involving four bituminous coals and one anthracite in two combustion forms (Raw-coal-chunk /Honeycomb-coal-briquette), and three types of stoves widely used in northern area. Then, the emission factors of PAHs were obtained through chemical analysis and calculation. Furthermore, the emission characteristics of Alkyl-PAHs (A-PAHs),which were known for the stronger mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and deformation, were discussed and compared with the extraction rates from the raw coal. Notable difference existedin the emission factors of 8 A-PAHs (EFA-PAHs) ofdifferent coal/combustion formcombinations.The total EFA-PAHs of bituminous coal ranged from 0.5 to 1.6mg/kg for RCC and 63.9 to 100.1mg/kg for HCB, while the anthracite EFA-PAHs ranged from 0.1mg/kg for RCC and 67.3mg/kg for HCB. The averaged EFA-PAHs of HCB were higher by two orders of magnitude than those of RCC. HCB had some negative effect although it was widely used in clean coal technology. Comparing with the variation characteristics of A-PAHs in extracts of five raw coals, we found that some of A-PAHs came from the thermal volatilation of coal, inheriting some characteristics of raw coal. However, more A-PAHs came from the high-temperature pyrolysis reaction in the combustion process of coal.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 979-984 [Abstract] ( 185 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 358KB] ( 698 )
985 Diffusion and transformation of PCDD/Fs of municipal waste incineration plant by using AERMOD model.
LI Yu-Ting, JIN Yi-Ying, LIU Fu-Qiang
In this paper, we predicted the diffusion and transformation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) near one municipal solid wastes incineration plant by using U.S.EPA’S AERMOD model. Based on PCDD/Fs special characteristic with approximately 90%~100% particle-bound in the normal atmospheric temperature, TSP and PM10 were regarded as the transit particle carrier of PCDD/Fs. The results showed that 100% and 80% gas-particle partition setting exerted little influence on the PCDD/Fs air diffusion concentration and migration distance, on the contrary TSP and PM10 particle size distribution significantly affected the evaluated PCDD/Fs concentration. The observed PCDD/Fs concentration was 0.23~1.66 pg I-TEQ/m3, while the predicted concentration of TSP and PM10 transit particle carrier were 0.13~1.81 pg I-TEQ/m3 and 0.15~1.68 pg I-TEQ/m3, respectively. The average total uncertainties of the two parameters were 24.31% and 12.43% respectively. The relative difference ratio of the predicted and observed PCDD/Fs air concentration was 0.01~0.89. And the predicted result of PM10 was more related to the observed result than TSP’s.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 985-992 [Abstract] ( 160 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 848KB] ( 1011 )
993 Phosphorous removal using dissimilatory reduction of different Fe(III) in activated sludge
WANG Ya-E, FENG Juan-Juan, LI Jie
An enrichment culture of dissimilatory iron reduction by dosing different Fe(III) sources at constant temperature under facultative/strictly anaerobic condition was investigated. The source of iron-reducing bacteria retrieved from the activated sludge of SBBR reactor. The ability of dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction and the phosphorous removal efficiency under different conditions were compared. The results showed there was consistency in the Fe(III) reduction ability of different conditions, followed by Fe(OH)3>iron oxide scale>green ore>red ore, but strictly anaerobic showed better. While the phosphorus removal efficiency was positively related to produced Fe(II) concentration. At the 7d of enrichment culture, the concentration of phosphate at Fe(OH)3 and iron oxide scale systems decreased below 2mg/L, and ultimately to 0.5mg/L. Bonding mechanism of phosphorous removal using dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction, its main role of the precipitation removal by IRB rather than surface adsorption of Fe(III) source was proved.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 993-998 [Abstract] ( 220 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 769KB] ( 1053 )
999 Treatment of fresh leachate from MSW incineration plant by EGSB and dynamics of microbial community
DANG Yan, ZHANG Rui, YE Jie-Xu, AI Han, SUN De-Zhi
This paper investigated dynamics of microbial community in anaerobic sludge in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor treating fresh leachate from a municipal waste solid incineration plant under overloaded conditions. A lab-scale EGSB reactor was operated for the treatment of fresh leachate with gradual increases in the organic loading rate (OLR). The removal efficiency of COD was over 93% when the OLR increased to 23.1 kgCOD/(m3×d). As the OLR increased further to 24.5 kgCOD/(m3×d), the removal efficiency of COD decreased to 73.9% immediately with a marked rise of volatile fat acids in the effluents, indicating that the reactor was overloaded. By analyzing sludge samples through clone libraries, the microbial community in the sludge varied significantly after 11d of overloaded operation. The dominant group of archaea shifted from Methanosaetaceae (68.4%) to Methanomicrobiaceae (51.9%). The dominant group of bacteria was Firmcutes all the time with a proportion of aproximately 56%, most of which were spore-forming bacteria belonging to the order of Clostridiales. Overloaded operation of EGSB resulted in severe inhibition of acetoclastic methanogens, causing an obvious accumulation of small organic acids and a sharp decline in the treatment efficiency.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 999-1004 [Abstract] ( 261 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 588KB] ( 625 )
1005 Interception effect of ditch slag and sediments on nitrogen and phosphorus in water.
ZHANG Yan, ZHU Hui, YAN Bai-Xing, DENG Zhi-Qiang
In order to discuss the adsorption capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus for slag, 70% slag with 30% ditch sediment and ditch sediments, the isothermal adsorption and kinetics experiments were conducted at the comprehensive experimental field of the Sanjiang Mire Wetland Experimental Station(47°35￠N, 133°31￠E), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Meanwhile, the experimental data were fitted by the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. The maximum ammonium nitrogen adsorption amounts for slag, 70% slag with 30% ditch sediment, and ditch sediments were 0.49, 1.03and 1.75mg/g, respectively; the maximum phosphate adsorption amounts were 0.99, 2.33and 1.88mg/g, respectively; the adsorption rates of ammonium nitrogen were 0.10, 0.11and 0.54mg/(g·h) during 0~4h; the adsorption rates of phosphate were 0.048, 0.051, 0.096mg/(g·h) during 0~2h. Slag was used as matrix dam fill since ditch sediments were loose and easy to run off. The hydraulic retention time of ditch water in drainage ditches was extended with matrix dams as well as mitigating the flow velocity of ditch water.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1005-1010 [Abstract] ( 211 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 409KB] ( 642 )
1011 Photo-assisted degradation of rhodamine B by Ferrocene-catalyzed heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction
CUN Jie, TIAN Sen-Lin, WANG Qian, ZENG Jun
Ferrocene(Fc) was used as a substitute for catalyst of heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction, ferrous ion (Fe2+). Consequently, a new UV/Fc/H2O2 heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction system was established. The decolourization capacity of the new reaction system to rhodamine B-contained simulated wastewater was experimentally examined. Fc could efficiently catalyze aqueous heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction. Accordingly, ?OH and the other similar reactive intermediates dominated the oxidative degradation of rhodamine B. Steady catalysis capacity of the new reaction system to the oxidative decolourazation process of rhodamine B was observed also. Even Fc was reclaimed and reused for three times, the decolourazation ration to the simulated wastewater was still higher than 99%. The proposed optimal processing conditions for decolourization of rhodamine B-contained wastewater were as follows: 1.5′10-2mol/L of H2O2, 0.13g/L of Fc and initial pH range was 2~6. To substitute Fc for Fe2+ catalyst of photo-assisted heterogeneous Fenton reaction was proved to be feasible.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1011-1016 [Abstract] ( 225 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 451KB] ( 1262 )
1017 Adsorption characteristics of Pb2+ from aqueous solution and synthetic silicon-substituted carbonate hydroxyapatite particles.
TANG Wen-Qing, FENG Yong-Lan, LI Xiao-Ming
To investigate the use of egg shells and sodium silicate to regulate the hydrothermal crystallization of silicon-substituted carbonate hydroxyapatite (Si-CHAP, (Ca10(PO4)6-x-y(SiO4)x(CO3)y(OH)2-x-y). The obtained Si-CHAP was characterized by BET surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and investigated as metal adsorption for Pb2+ from aqueous solutions. The effect of various parameters on the adsorption process such as contact time, solution pH, and temperature was studied to optimize the conditions for maximum adsorption. The results showed that the Si-CHAP was mesoporous material with high surface area, and its BET surface area was 323.25m2/g. The removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of Pb2+ by Si-CHAP could reach 99.39% and 149.09mg/g, respectively, when the initial Pb2+ concentration was 300 mg/L and the solid/liquid ratio was 2 g/L at 90 min and room temperature. The adsorption of Pb2+ onto Si-CHAP was well described by the Langmuir equation. The kinetics of adsorption was well fitted by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic accompanied by increase in entropy. This research is expected to provide novel functional materials for treating the heavy metal waste water.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1017-1024 [Abstract] ( 225 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1019KB] ( 943 )
1025 Organic fractions and their environmental implications of petroleum contaminated groundwater.
YANG Ming-Xing, YANG Yue-Suo, DU Xin-Qiang, YE Xue-Yan, CAO Yu-Qing, XU Li-Ping
The hydrogeochemitry at a petroleum contaminated site was systematically studied to understand the fractional compositions and their environmental indications of oil contamination in groundwater. The GC-MS scanning for saturated hydrocarbon fractions and the corresponding biomarkers of the groundwater samples were determined at various spatial and temporal scales. The average TPH was 4.75mg/L. Alkanes(65.6% of TPH), aromatic, esters, aldehydes, alcohols were all detected in groundwater changing along with groundwater flow. There was a reduction of Alkanes from 70.05% to 57.72%, Aromatic from 14.56% to 10.58% and an enrichment of the microbial degradation products from 15.39% to 31.72%. An anaerobic reductive environment was indicated by the low value of Pr/Ph, ranging between 0.73 and 1.27. The ratios of Pr/C17 (ranging between 0.42 and 1.51) and Ph/C18 (ranging between 0.61 and 1.30) indicated extensive biodegradation. The total bacteria number was positively correlated to non-alkanes, Pr/C17 and Ph/C18 ratios; higher ratios demonstrated a more extensive biodegradation. The organic fractions were also influenced by seasons in temperature variation.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1025-1032 [Abstract] ( 230 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 720KB] ( 1254 )
1033 Magnetic properties of the urban soils in Lanzhou and their environmental implications.
WANG Bo, XIA Dun-Sheng, YU Ye, XU Shu-Jing, JIA Jia
Magnetic characteristics in 117 surface soil samples collected from Lanzhou City, China were systematically analyzed. Low-coercivity magnetite dominated the magnetic properties in the samples. Values of magnetic mineral concentration parameters were high in the following four areas: (1) the industrial area centered by Lanzhou aluminum plant power and Xigu thermal power plant. (2) Yanerwan, LanDong building materials market enterprise and leather factory. (3) The long and narrow stripe region along the materials market - West Station - Xiaoxihu Park - Chengguan Bridge. (4) The area surrounding Shuishang Park. And low values presented in Anning District (especially Jiuzhou Development Zone) and the south of Qilihe District. In addition, the result from soil profiles showed high values of clf and SIRM in the upper 20cm near the surface and then significantly decreasing, which indicated that contamination was confined in a depth of the upper 20cm. Contrasting with nature samples, magnetic characteristics of polluted materials, such as topsoil, street dust, dust fall, and river sediment, was simplex and dominated by magnetite. Moreover, differences were also observed in the correlation between magnetic susceptibility and percentage frequency magnetic susceptibility, which was positive in nature samples but was negative in anthropogenic materials. Therefore environmental magnetism can be used as a tool for large-scale and high resolution pollution monitoring.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1033-1044 [Abstract] ( 190 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1872KB] ( 869 )
1045 Characterization of DOM(dissolved organic matter) in Yangtze River using 3-D fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis.
GAN Shu-Chai, WU Ying, BAO Hong-Yan, ZHANG Jing
Water samples were collected from Yangtze River basin across 4000km during September, 2009. Five fluorescence components (3 humic-like and 2 protein-like components) were identified by 3-dimension fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMs) combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) combined with a350 to elucidate composition, source and transformation processes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Yangtze River. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased remarkably from Wanzhou to the Three Gorge Dam and thereafter remained constant in the lower reach. The sum of all 5 components (∑Fluo) showed the similar trend of variation, which correlated linearly with DOC (R2=0.92) indicating that EEMs is a powerful tool to trace DOM in the Yangtze River. The protein-like component (∑P) accounted for 1/4 of ∑Fluo with apparently weak correlations with DOC and chlorophyll-a, which implied that the riverine DOM is not dominated by autochthonous production. Humic-like(H1, H2, H3) components showed different correlations with DOC, especially in the lower reach, where H3 (Ex/Em:250/450~485nm) was accumulated, while the other components (H1, H2) and a350 seemed to be degraded faster than H3. All the fact indicated that DOM might be subjected to selective biological and photochemical degradation processes in Yangtze River.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1045-1052 [Abstract] ( 289 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 706KB] ( 1912 )
1053 Characteristics of heavy metals and radionuclides in surface sediments from the inner Bohai Bay (Tianjin coastal sea).
YU Bin-He, LIU Hong-Lei, LU Xue-Qiang, WANG Zhong-Liang, SHAO Xiao-Long, YUAN Min, ZHAO Feng, LI Xiao-Juan, LIU Xu, JIANG Wen-Yuan
Fourteen surface sediment samples were collected from the inner Bohai Bay (Tianjin coastal sea) to measure particle size, heavy metal and radioactivity. The sediments were majorly silt-size and the particle size decreases southwards and eastwards in study area. The ranges of heavy metal concentrations were 25.6~35.1mg/kg, 44.1~67.7mg/kg and 60~73.5mg/kg for Cu, Pb, Zn, respectively. The radioactivities for 210Pb and 137Cs were 13.2~35.3Bq/kg and 0.05~1.28Bq/kg, respectively. Heavy metals concentration and radioactivity decreases with the increase of particle size, and generally increases both from north to south spatially. In particular, the level of heavy metals and radioactivity in the central and southern area increases southeastwardly and eastwardly, respectively. That might be due to the fact that the fine particles are more effective in adsorbing metals than coarse particles, and the surface sediment particle size distribution can be affected by flow in Bohai bay.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1053-1059 [Abstract] ( 233 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 795KB] ( 599 )
1060 Distribution and influence factors of nutrients in the North Yellow Sea in Summer and Autumn.
LI Yan-Wei, HU Ying-Ying, CHEN Shu-Mei
Based on the cruises carried out in the North Yellow Sea in July 2011(summer) and October 2011(autumn), spatial and temporal distribution and influence factors of nutrients were discussed. The mean concentrations of nutrients in summer and autumn in the North Yellow Sea were respectively NO3- (1.57±1.71) and (5.93±3.84) μmol/L, NO2- (0.22±0.18) and (0.88±0.93) μmol/L, PO43- (0.22±0.13) and (0.40±0.23) μmol/L, Si(OH)4 (4.98±2.23) and (6.71±3.24) μmol/L, NH4+ (1.35±0.90) and (1.23±0.69) μmol/L. NO3- accounted for 49% of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in summer and 74% in autumn. The concentrations of nutrients in the surface layer in coastal areas were higher than that in the middle of the sea in both spring and summer, the concentrations of nutrients in the bottom layer were higher than that in the surface layer, the concentrations among the cold water mass area were high. For each transect, influenced by cold water mass and water exchange, the stratification of nutrients was obvious and the concentrations increased from the surface to the bottom. N/P, Si/N and Si/P ratio were higher in coastal areas than that in the middle of the sea in both the surface and the bottom, and the nutrient limiting phytoplankton growth was phosphorus in summer.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1060-1067 [Abstract] ( 259 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 769KB] ( 812 )
1068 Spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the sediments of Wuliangsuhai Lake.
FENG Wei-Ying, JIAO Li-Xin, ZHANG Sheng, WANG Li-Ming, FU Xu-Jin, LI Chang-You, CUI Feng-Li
Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra (3DEEM) was used to investigate the fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matter in the sediment from Wuliangsuhai Lake. Of all the samples analyzed, there existed 6 kinds of fluorophores, which represented protein-like fluorescence substance and classic fulvic acid respectively, and there was some different structure of dissolved organic matter in different lake regions. Fluorescence index was between 1.74~1.96, which indicate its dissolved organic matter was derived from both land-sourced materials and endogenous, and the former originated in a large number inputing waste water from the western Hetao irrigation farmland, the latter from to the decay of some large emergent aquatic plants, such as reed, etc. Therefore, controlling the discharge of Hetao irrigation farmland waste water and restraining the growth of some large emergent aquatic plants will be an effective measure for protecting ecological environment and controlling the speed of eutrophication of Wuliangsuhai Lake.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1068-1074 [Abstract] ( 239 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1357KB] ( 678 )
1075 Construction of whole cell biosensor Tetrahymena B2086-LUC containing luciferase and its response to heavy metal ion.
ZHANG Peng-Xing, XU Jing, LU Jian-Gong, WANG Wei
：To obtain new whole cell biosensor which can be used for rapidly detecting metal ion pollution in the environment, Tetrahymena thermophilia was used in this study. Luciferase (LUC) gene was recombinated into the vector pBX containing Tetrahymenna Metallothioneins gene MTT1 promoter and tubulin terminator. Plasmid pBX–LUC was constructed and transformed into Tetrahymena strain by particle bombardment. Then, the LUC gene replaced the Tetrahymena macronuclear MTT1 gene by homologous recombination under increasing paromomycin. The B2086-LUC strain was obtained. The B2086-LUC strain is sensitively responsed to heavy metals cadmium and mercury ion (5 ~ 10 ng/mL) and less sensitive for copper and zinc ion (0.5~1 mg/mL). The results showed genetically engineered whole cell biosensor Tetrahymena B2086-LUC strain can be used for rapidly detecting cadmium and mercury pollution in environment.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1075-1080 [Abstract] ( 264 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 519KB] ( 658 )
1081 Sources inversion and correction calculation for traffic noise mapping
LI Nan, FENG Tao, LI Xian-Hui, LIU Lei, WU Rui
Traffic noise map play a significant role in urban environmental noise management. In order to reduce the prediction error for big size noise mapping project, a measurement based inverse approach for traffic noise sources was presented, and the detailed method of noise map correction calculation was introduced step by step. The approach improved correction solving efficiency by mixing original noise mapping calculation result and inverse sources effect, avoided modify the prediction model directly, and ensured that the calculation results in target area can match the noise propagation rules defined by prediction model. Then, the approach mentioned above was implemented as a software package on the noise mapping platform developed by our group. At last, a real traffic noise mapping project in Beijing was introduced to demonstrate the method. By comparing the 6 groups of experimental result, it was showed that the correction error can reach less than 1.1dB on the location of measurement points. On the other points in calculation area, the accuracy of sound levels was improved more or less. The correction error was related to two factors measurement points: the contribution rate of main noise source and the influence area of measurement points. The correction error can reached less than 2.5dB on the points located in influence area of measurement point. The experimental results revealed that this method was suitable to inverse the traffic sources by measurements, generate correction calculation result and improve solving quality of noise map.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1081-1090 [Abstract] ( 233 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1477KB] ( 994 )
1091 Catalytic performance of laccase in a biosurfactant reversed micellar system
PENG Zi-Yuan, YUAN Xing-Zhong, PENG Xin, HUANG Hua-Jun, CUI Kai-Long, ZHAO Yan-Ge
The catalytic performance of laccase in a novel reverse micellar system, which adopted rhamnolipid (RL, an anionic bio-surfactant) as surfactant with isooctane and hexanol as solvent and cosurfactant, were studied. The effect of several significant factors on the catalytic performance of laccase, such as the construction of organic phase, the concentration of RL, water content(W0), pH value and salt concentration, were investigated and analyzed. The optimum catalytic activity and stability of laccase could be approached at following condition: V(hexanol)/V(isooctane): 1:1.8, RL concentration: 13 mmol/L, W0: 42, pH: 5.0, KCl concentration: 10 mmol/L. For a comparative purpose, the catalytic performance of laccase in AOT-based reverse micellar system( AOT-RMS) and RL-based reverse micellar system( RL-RMS) were compared. Both of laccase’s catalytic activity and stability in RL-RMS were much higher than those in AOT-RMS, which unveiled that bio-surfactants were much more suitable in contrusting enzyme-reverse micellar systems compared with traditional synthetic surfactants.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1091-1096 [Abstract] ( 242 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 370KB] ( 626 )
1097 PAEs health risk assessment of agriculture area in Taihu Lake Basin (Southern Jiangsu Province).
YANG Yan, YU Yun-Jiang, LI Ding-Long, WANG Zong-Qing, LU Xiao-Song
Pollution of the 15 PAEs by oral media including groundwater, soil, crops, in a total number of 346 samples in Taihu Lake Basin (southern Jiangsu) include Wuxi, Changzhou and Zhenjiang City was analyzed. Four-step health risk assessment recommended by US EPA combined with the measured exposure parameters were used to scientifically evaluate Taihu lake basin residents by the oral way PAEs health risks. The results showed that the basin by oral medium except some vegetables had detected PAEs, the higher proportion of PAEs in groundwater, soil, staple food include rice and wheat, vegetables include lettuce, leeks, eggplant, soybean, potato vine, Malabar Spinach, asparagus bean, amaranth, peppers, spinach, cucumber, pumpkin vine were DNP, DCHP, DBP, DNP. PAEs by oral exposure risks was 4.88×10-5 for male, and was 4.29×10-5 for female, and DEHP had maximum contribution rate. Males PAEs exposure by oral health risks was greater than females, in summer and autumn risks of PAEs by oral exposure for male was equal to the spring and winter, in spring and winter risks of PAEs by oral exposure for female was greater than in the summer and autumn. The risk of basin population by oral exposure was higher than the acceptable health risk level of 1×10-6 recommended by the Royal Society, but lower than the acceptable health risk level of 1×10-4 recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1097-1105 [Abstract] ( 241 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 508KB] ( 607 )
1106 Effects of butylbenzyl phthalate on learning and memory in mice.
LIU Feng-Ming, LIU Xu-Dong, MIN An-Na, ZHAO Li-Qin, YE Ran-Feng, LI Hui, ZHANG Yu-Chao, CHEN Ming-Qing, YANG Xu
To investigate the oxidative damage of brain and the effects on learning and memory ability induced by butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) in mice. Twenty-four male Kun Ming (KM) mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n=6), exposed to different concentrations of BBP (0, 50, 250 and 1250 mg/kg) by oral gavage for fourteen days. During the exposure period, the Morris water maze was used to test the learning and memory abilities. After Morris water maze test the experimental animals were ended lives, and then the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) contents of brains, liver and kidney were measured. BBP caused significant differences in the abilities of learning and memory at 1250mg/kg by the Morris water maze (P<0.05). Along with the increase of BBP concentrations, increased ROS level, MDA content, and reduced GSH content were observed. BBP could induce oxidative damage in brains, liver and kidney of mice, and have negative effects on the abilities of learning and memory.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1106-1112 [Abstract] ( 218 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 746KB] ( 519 )
1113 Assessment of effluent quality of wastewater treatment plant in Kunming based on the percentile of standard compliance method
SUN Ying-Xue, WU Guang-Xue, HU Hong-Ying, GUO Fang, WU Yi-Hui, GUO Yu-Mei
The effluent quality of seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Kunming was assessed by using multivariate statistical analysis, combining classification evaluation and percentile of standard compliance. According to Level I-A of "Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant" (GB18918-2002), the compliance percentiles of COD in the effluent of the 7 WWTPs were all 100%, BOD5 and SS were above 94% and 95%, respectively. The percentiles of standard compliance of TN, TP and NH3-N presented much difference. The deviation of TP was highest among all the indicators by the multidimensional scaling analysis. The inventory of the control indicator for standard compliance of the effluent of Kunming WWTPs was established, with classifying the percentile of standard compliance of the effluent and formulating the rules for water quality assessment of the effluent of WWTPs. The results showed that TP was the key control parameter of the 2nd WWTP and the 7th WWTP, and was the first priority control parameter of the 3rd WWTP. Meanwhile, TN was the first priority control parameter of the 3rd WWTP and 7th WWTP, and NH3-N is the first priority control parameter of the 1st WWTP and 3rd WWTP in Kunming.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1113-1119 [Abstract] ( 315 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 431KB] ( 699 )
1120 The method study on groundwater pollution risk assessment based on process simulation
LIU Zeng-Chao, DONG Jun, HE Lian-Sheng, XI Bei-Dou, MENG Rui, LI Yi-Wei, YAN Gang-Gang
Based on systematical analysis of groundwater pollution processes by simple waste landfills, In this work, pumping wells were considered as protection goals, a pollutants transporting and transforming mathematical risk assessment model based on process modeling was developed. The groundwater contamination risk evaluation factors were identified; Groundwater pollution risk levels were classified according to the pollution range and extent of chloride ion (Cl-). A simple landfill located in north of China was choose as a case to study groundwater pollution risk assessment. The level of groundwater pollution risk assessment was determined by pollution source and process of the pollutant migration and transformation. Establishment of groundwater pollution risk assessment model could be useful for effective management of groundwater pollution by simple waste landfill.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1120-1126 [Abstract] ( 239 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 547KB] ( 841 )
1127 Dynamic evaluation on environmental carrying capacity of industrial park with catastrophe progression method.
XU Lin-Yu, KANG Peng, LIU Ren-Zhi
With Fushan industrial park in Zhuhai City as a case study, jointed with the established Environmental Carrying Capacity (ECC) index system, the dynamic evaluation model of industrial park with catastrophe progression method was built to simulate the variation of ECC under three kinds of industrial plan scenarios. In this model, the indicators of ECC can be grouped into natural ECC and artificial ECC. The results indicated that the natural ECC would be descending after middle period of planning, while the artificial ECC would ascend during whole process of planning, especially in the beginning period of planning. As a whole, the ECC would ascend in the pre-middle period, and descend in the finial period, and the status of comprehensive ECC would maintain at a stable level.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1127-1136 [Abstract] ( 267 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 790KB] ( 796 )
1137 Water environmental capacity assessment of Dianshan Lake in Shanghai.
WANG Shou-Bing, MA Xiao-Xue, ZHANG Wei-Qian, FENG Shu-Qing, YANG Tian-Xiang, FAN Zheng-Qiu
The Dianshan Lake is an important area for drinking water supply protection and ecological conservation in Shanghai. Over the last ten years, its increasing eutrophication and the resulting algae bloom, had severely threatened the safety of Shanghai’s drinking water supply. To provide a scientific basis for its pollution control and water quality improvement, based on different scenarios of water quality control targets (WQCTs), the Dianshan Lake’s water environmental capacities for COD, TN and TP were calculated. Study results show that: (1) To maintain current water quality conditions, the lake’s environmental capacities for COD, TN and TP were 47213t/a, 8337.7t/a, and 476.3t/a, respectively; (2) If the WQCTs were set as level II, the lake’s environmental capacities for COD, TN and TP are 46325t/a, 1191.1t/a, and 59.5t/a, respectively. (3) If the WQCTs were set as level III, the lake’s environmental capacities for COD, TN and TP are 68547t/a, 2382.2t/a, and 119.1t/a, respectively. (4) If WQCTs were set as level IV, the lake’s environmental capacities are 3573.3t/a were 238.2t/a for TN and TP, respectively.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1137-1140 [Abstract] ( 243 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 312KB] ( 998 )
1141 Methods of ecological impact assessment (EIA) of land use oriented to life cycle assessment (LCA).
WANG Shou-Bing, MA Xiao-Xue, CHEN Ya-Min, FENG Shu-Qing, FAN Zheng-Qiu-
The indicators, characterization factors and calculation models for EIA of land use oriented to LCA and China circumstances were provided preliminarily. The assessment indicators consist of time, areas, net primary productivity (NPP), organic material content (OMC), and slope of land used. The characterization factors and their equivalent factors based on NPP, OMC and slope were established respectively. The calculation models and examples of EIA of land use based on the community theories were proposed. The case study showed that the methods proposed here ould provide preliminary technical framework and related parameters for LCA of land use.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1141-1146 [Abstract] ( 217 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 326KB] ( 781 )
1147 Assessment on water environmental carrying capacity in the Yangtze River Delta
WANG Jin-南, YU Lei, WAN Jun, XU Yi
Based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model, the environmental carrying capacity assessment methods were applied to analyze water environmental carrying capacity evolution of 16 cities in Yangtze River Delta Region. Corresponding to the logical relationship among press, state and response, suggestions for improving environment carrying capacity have been put forward. During 2005 to 2010, the carrying capacity of cities in the Yangtze River Delta had shown various levels of improvement, but the overall situation still serious. In addition, there was imbalance of carrying capacity within regions and watersheds, which mean, the carrying capacity of cities in Zhejiang province was significantly better than that of cities in Jiangsu province and Shanghai, and the carrying capacity of cities locate in the south of Taihu Lake was better than those to the north and to the east. Carrying capacity was mainly decided by city’s environmental capacity, pollution emission baseline and the efficiency of pollution control actions. Guided by the principle of continuously pollution reduction, city layout optimization and efficiency increasing, cities in the Yangtze River Delta should reduce the pressure on carrying capacity, improve its status and promote its response.
2013 Vol. 33 (6): 1147-1151 [Abstract] ( 269 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 517KB] ( 1501 )
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