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北京APEC期间不同颗粒物源解析方法的结果比较
Results comparison of different source apportionment methods during APEC summit in Beijing
2014年10月8日~11月25日，在北京城市点位采用颗粒物多组分在线监测技术与单颗粒气溶胶质谱（SPAMS）两种方法测定颗粒物化学组分.基于颗粒物在线多组分监测技术得到的受体数据，采用ME2模型进行解析（OC-ME2）；基于SPAMS的观测数据，采用ART-2a和ME2两种方法进行来源解析.SPAMS-ART2a方法解析得到6种颗粒物污染源，而SPAMS-ME2和OC-ME2均确定了5种来源.每种方法都识别出了扬尘源、机动车尾气、燃煤源、工艺过程源和二次源.结果表明：3种方法的解析结果均显示机动车尾气（25.43%~28.84%）和二次源（22.55%~33.50%）是颗粒物的主要来源，其次是燃煤源（20.16%~21.21%）和工艺过程源（12.01%~15.17%）；不同方法解析出的同种源在对颗粒物（PM）的分担率与贡献时间变化上存在较大的差异，这可能与采样方法、化学分析方法和数据分析方法等有关.对APEC会议期间主要污染源类特征进行研究，3种方法解析结果中的首要污染源均是机动车尾气（29.17%~44.18%），其贡献均高于非会议期间（23.59%~28.79%），表明在此期间机动车尾气对颗粒物的产生具有重要影响.
During October 8 to November 25, 2014, the particulate matter multi-component online monitoring technology and single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) were used to determine the particulate matter and its chemical species at an urban site in Beijing. The receptor data obtained based on particulate matter online multi-component monitoring technology was analyzed by ME2model (OC-ME2). Source apportionment was separately conducted using two ways, ART-2a and ME2, based on the dataset of SPAMS. The SPAMS-ART2a identified six sources, while SPAMS-ME2 and OC-ME2 both identified five factors. Each method identified crustal dust, vehicle exhaust, coal combustion, industrial process, and secondary source. The results show that the main sources of particulate matter were vehicle exhaust(25.43%~28.84%) and secondary source(22.55%~33.50%), followed by coal combustion(20.16%~21.21%) and industrial process(12.01%~15.17%) by three methods. The same source from different methods had a large difference in the source contribution to particulate matter (PM) and contribution temporal trends, which might be related to sampling methods, chemical analysis methods and data analysis methods. The characteristics of main pollution sources during the APEC summit and non-summit period were studied. The primary source in the analysis results of the three methods during the APEC was vehicle exhaust(29.17%~44.18%), and the contribution was higher than non-summit period(23.59%~28.79%), indicating that vehicle exhaust had an important impact on the generation of PM during this period.
北京市 / 单颗粒气溶胶质谱 / 化学组成 / 颗粒物 / 来源解析 / 在线监测
Beijing / chemical composition / online monitoring / particulate matter / single particle aerosol mass spectrometry / source apportionment
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