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中国城市人为热通量估计及时空分布
Estimation of anthropogenic heat flux and its temporal and spatial distribution in Chinese cities
基于中国统计年鉴中1985~2018年全国能源消耗和人口数据，估计中国城市人为热排放通量及其时间变化趋势.利用人口空间分布和污染物排放清单数据，探讨人为热排放的空间分布特征.依据能源类型，人为热分为工业、交通运输、建筑和新陈代谢4类排放.结果表明，我国人为热排放多年来持续增长，2000年增长加速，2012~2016年增速有所放缓.2016年我国平均人为热排放通量达到0.442W/m2，工业、建筑、交通、新陈代谢排放的全国平均人为热排放通量分别为0.311，0.072，0.038和0.020W/m2.人为热排放的高值主要分布在京津冀、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲重点城市群区域以及其他一些规模较大的区域重点城市.4类人为热排放均呈现东部多、西部少的特点.工业排放人为热分布与区域经济发展水平和城市化程度有关.交通运输排放的人为热主要集中在交通枢纽城市.与已有的人为热排放清单相比，本研究估计的人为热排放通量在规模较大的城市具有更大的数值，更能体现人类活动对人为热排放的贡献.
In this study, the temporal variations of anthropogenic heat (AH) flux in China from 1985 to 2018 were studied by using the province depended non-renewable energy consumption and pullulation data from Chinese Statistical Yearbook. Based on the gridding population data and emission inventory of CO, the spatial distributions of AH fluxes over China were further investigated. According to the data of non-renewable energy consumption from different categories, the AH fluxes emitted from the industry sector, buildings, vehicles and human metabolism were respectively estimated. The results show that the AH flux in China has been increased continually since 1980s. The increase is more obvious in the period after 2000, but slows down during 2012 to 2016. In 2016, the national average AH flux in China is 0.442W/m2, with the values for the industry sector, buildings, vehicles and human metabolism being 0.31, 0.072, 0.038, and 0.020W/m2, respectively. For the spatial distribution, the AH flux values are obviously higher in eastern China than western China. Higher values usually occur in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations. Some important megacities in other regions of China also have higher values. Moreover, the spatial distributions of AH fluxes from the industry sector are similar to those of economy activities and urbanization. For the AH fluxes emitted from vehicles, more of them are concentrated in the transport hub cities. Compared with other existing inventories of AH fluxes in China, the outputs of this study show higher AH fluxes in big cities, which better illustrates the significant effects of human activities on the emissions of AH.
anthropogenic heat / China / emission inventory / thermal pollution
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国家重点研发计划课题（2018YFC0213502）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（020714380047）
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