邢台市秋季PM2.5及水溶性离子污染特征

王少博; 王涵; 张敬巧; 李慧; 吴亚君; 刘锐泽; 王淑兰

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中国环境科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5) : 1877-1884.

大气污染与控制

邢台市秋季PM_2.5及水溶性离子污染特征

王少博, 王涵, 张敬巧, 李慧, 吴亚君, 刘锐泽, 王淑兰

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Characterization analysis of PM_2.5 and water-soluble ions during autumn in Xingtai City

WANG Shao-bo, WANG Han, ZHANG Jing-qiao, LI Hui, WU Ya-jun, LIU Rui-ze, WANG Shu-lan

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摘要

为研究邢台市秋季PM_2.5污染特征，于2017年10月15日~11月14日在邢台市区对PM_2.5样品进行了采集，并对其中水溶性离子（包括Cl^-、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺）进行了分析.结果显示，观测期间邢台市ρ（PM_2.5）平均值为（130.0±74.9）μg/m³，其中水溶性离子质量浓度为（69.8±11.4）μg/m³，占ρ（PM_2.5）的53.3%，NO₃^-、SO₄^2-和NH₄⁺为主要离子，占水溶性离子比例达到了89.7%. 当污染加重，水溶性离子质量浓度随ρ（PM_2.5）增大而升高，且NO₃^-、NH₄⁺及SO₄^2-占比亦逐渐升高，但其他离子占比随之下降，Ca²⁺尤为明显，表明ρ（PM_2.5）升高时主要受二次无机转化影响；观测期间SOR（硫转化率）与NOR（氮转化率）的平均值分别为0.36和0.25，表明秋季SO₂与NO₂转化速率较强，二次无机污染严重，另外SOR及NOR与温度及相对湿度呈正相关，且SOR对二者更为敏感；邢台市秋季PM_2.5呈弱碱性，NH₄⁺主要以（NH₄）₂SO₄和NH₄NO₃的形式存在；ρ（NO₃^-）/ρ（SO₄^2-）平均值为2.13，表明移动源对秋季大气颗粒物的来源贡献较大；PMF分析结果表明，二次转化源、燃烧源及扬尘源为邢台市秋季PM_2.5中水溶性离子的主要来源.

Abstract

PM_2.5 samples were collected during autumnin Xingtai City from October 15th to November 14th, 2017, and the water- soluble ions Cl^-, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, NH₄⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ and K⁺ in the PM_2.5 were determinedby ion chromatography. The results showed during sample collection period r(PM_2.5) was (130.0±74.9)mg/m³. The average water-soluble ion concentration was (69.8±11.4)mg/m³, which accounted for 33.6% of r(PM_2.5). SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ were the main ions in PM_2.5, totally accounting for 89.7% of the water-soluble ions in autumn. With the air pollution getting serious, the concentration of water-soluble ions increased with the increase of ρ(PM_2.5), and the proportion of NO₃^-, NH₄⁺ and SO₄^2- increased gradually. Conversely the proportion of other ions decreased, and Ca²⁺ was especially obvious which indicated that ρ(PM_2.5) was mainly affected by secondary inorganic transformation. The average value of SOR and NOR during sample collection period were 0.36 and 0.25, respectively, and showed that the secondary transformation of SO₂ and NO₂ is seriously important and the secondary pollution was more serious. In addition, SOR and NOR are positively correlated with relative humidity and air temperature, and SOR is more sensitive to both. PM_2.5 in Xingtai City was slightly alkaline during autumn. NH₄⁺ were primarily in NH₄NO₃ and NH₄HSO₄ forms in PM_2.5. The N/S average value was 2.13, indicating that mobile source contributed more to PM_2.5 during autumn. PMF analysis revealed that secondary transformation, combustion and dust were the main potential sources of the ionic components of PM_2.5 during autumn in Xingtai City.

导出引用

王少博, 王涵, 张敬巧, 李慧, 吴亚君, 刘锐泽, 王淑兰. 邢台市秋季PM_2.5及水溶性离子污染特征[J]. 中国环境科学. 2020, 40(5): 1877-1884

WANG Shao-bo, WANG Han, ZHANG Jing-qiao, LI Hui, WU Ya-jun, LIU Rui-ze, WANG Shu-lan. Characterization analysis of PM_2.5 and water-soluble ions during autumn in Xingtai City[J]. China Environmental Science. 2020, 40(5): 1877-1884

中图分类号： X513

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