基于土壤重金属特征的绿色食品产地环境评价——以重庆(江津)现代农业园区为例

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摘要以重庆市江津区现代农业园区内4种农用地类型的653个表层土样为研究对象，测定土壤重金属元素含量.依据绿色食品产地环境相关标准，采用重金属污染指数法对标准中所涉及的Cu、Cr、Cd、Hg、As和Pb共6种重金属元素开展土壤环境质量评价和潜在生态风险评价，并结合用地类型确定绿色农产品生产的适宜性土壤分区.结果表明：除元素Cu、Cr和As外，其他元素的平均含量均高于重庆市土壤背景值；除元素As和Hg外，其他元素的平均含量均高于我国土壤背景值.土壤重金属元素Cu、Cr、Cd、Hg、As和Pb的平均浓度均达到《绿色食品产地环境质量》标准要求，但Cd污染已处于安全警戒线内，应高度警惕和严格监管园区内该元素的污染.水田、旱地和果园的土壤环境均以尚清洁为主，其他园地的土壤环境以轻度污染水平为主.部分水田存在一定程度的Pb污染（轻度）、Hg污染（中度）和Cd污染（中度），旱地存在一定程度的Hg污染（中度）和Cd污染（中度），果园和其他园地的土壤存在一定程度的Cd的轻、中度污染.全区符合《绿色食品产地环境质量》标准要求的土壤面积为12.47km²，占农用地总面积的63.64%，旱地、果园、水田和其他园地中符合该标准的面积分别占各自总面积的84.83%、68.07%、56.51%和42.09%.4种用地类型的土壤环境生态风险水平均以低等为主，共占研究区总面积的74.70%.Cd和Hg在园区表层土壤重金属生态风险评估中占有较大的贡献率，应列为优先控制污染元素并对其生态效应开展进一步研究.

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	周皎
	何欣芮
	李瑜
	魏虹
	杨乐超
	刘剑锋
	王佳彬
	鲍丽然

关键词 ：重金属污染, 潜在生态风险, 土壤环境质量评价, 绿色食品

Abstract：The contents of heavy metal elements Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Hg, As and Pb in 653 topsoil samples were determined. These samples were collected from four land-use types of agricultural land in modern agricultural park in Jiangjin district, Chongqing. According to standards of the green food production evaluation, the soil environmental quality and potential ecological risk of each land type were evaluated through the pollution index method and the health risk assessment model. The results show that:The average contents of six metals except Cu, Cr and As, are higher than their background values in Chongqing. Except of As and Hg, the average contents of other elements are higher than the background values in China. The results of single pollution index evaluation show that the average concentrations of six heavy metals all meet the requirements, but Cd pollution is already near the safety warning threshold and should be monitored strictly. The soil environment of paddy fields, dry lands and orchards is mainly clean, while the soil of other garden is slight contaminated over a large area. Some paddy fields exposed to light Pb contamination, moderate Hg and Cd contamination, some dry lands suffer a certain degree of Hg and Cd contamination, while orchards and other garden soil are mildly to moderately contaminated by Cd. The area meeting the evaluation standards for green food production is about 12.5km², accounting for 63.64% of the total area. The area of dry lands, orchards, paddy fields and other garden that meet the requirement accounts for 84.83%, 68.07%, 56.51% and 42.09% of its corresponding area. 74.70% of the agricultural lands is assessed to low ecological risk for green food production. Among all evaluated heavy metals, Cd and Hg have a higher ecological risk and their ecological effects should be investigated further.

Key words： heavy metal pollution potential ecological risks evaluation of soil environmental quality green food

收稿日期: 2019-12-25

PACS:

X53

基金资助:重庆市规划和自然资源局项目（渝国土房管[2016]582号）

通讯作者: 魏虹,教授,weihong@swu.edu.cn E-mail: weihong@swu.edu.cn

作者简介: 周皎(1984-),女,四川南充人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事土地质量地球化学研究.发表论文2篇.

引用本文:

周皎, 何欣芮, 李瑜, 魏虹, 杨乐超, 刘剑锋, 王佳彬, 鲍丽然. 基于土壤重金属特征的绿色食品产地环境评价——以重庆(江津)现代农业园区为例[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(7): 3070-3078. ZHOU Jiao, HE Xin-rui, LI Yu, WEI Hong, YANG Le-chao, LIU Jian-feng, WANG Jia-bin, BAO Li-ran. Evaluation of soil environmental quality in green food production based on spatial distribution of heavy metals——a case study of modern agricultural park in Iiangjin district, Chongqing. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2020, 40(7): 3070-3078.

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