贵州普定水库沉积物重金属分布及污染特征

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摘要为揭示普定水库沉积物重金属分布及污染特征，于2016年5月在普定水库大坝区（S1）、梭筛区（S2）、风景区（S3）、三岔街区（S4）、陇箐村区（S5）共5个采样点分别采集了沉积物柱状样品，并分析了沉积物中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb和Hg共8种重金属含量特征.结果表明：8种重金属在沉积物中含量分别为（151.8±24.0），（82.1±5.4），（150.3±26.8），（546.9±180.3），（48.7±12.1），（3.9±2.6），（284.9±188.5），（0.23±0.13）mg/kg，均高于贵州省土壤元素背景水平.在水平方向上，Zn、As、Hg的含量分布较均匀，Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb具有显著差异性（n=34，P<0.05）；在垂直方向上，Hg污染积累较小；Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb由下层至中层开始积累，向上有所降低，Cr、Ni含量在下层保持稳定，向上开始降低，表明7种重金属污染已开始减轻.3种评价方法均显示出普定水库沉积物污染严重，地积累指数与沉积物质量基准（SQGs）均指出Pb污染最强、潜在生态风险指数指出Cd生态风险最强，表明Pb、Cd为主要污染物.Pearson相关性分析表明，Cr、Ni分别与Zn显著正相关，以及Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb之间两两显著正相关（P<0.01），主成分分析结果表明主成分1由Zn、As、Cd、Pb构成、主成分2由Cr、Ni构成，指出了水库周边矿产开采和工业排放分别是普定水库沉积物中Zn、As、Cd、Pb和Cr、Ni的主要贡献者.

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	唐黎
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	陈峰峰
	高永春
	骆兰

关键词 ：重金属污染, 分布特征, 沉积物, 普定水库

Abstract：Five sediment cores were collected at typical sites in Puding Reservoir, located in Guizhou Province. The spatial distribution and sources of selected heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in the sediments were investigated, and the ecological risks of those heavy metals were assessed. The results showed that:1) the average concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg were (151.8±24.0), (82.1±5.4), (150.3±26.8), (546.9±180.3), (48.7±12.1), (3.9±2.6), (284.9±188.5) and (0.23±0.13)mg/kg, respectively. These concentrations were higher than the Guizhou soil background values. The concentrations of Zn, As and Hg were evenly distributed and siginificant differences (n=34, P<0.05) of the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb were observed in different sites. The accumulation of Hg concentrations in vertical profiles of sediments was not obvious. For heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb, their concentrations in middle sediments were higher than those in bottom, and turned down at surface sediments. The concentrations of Cr, Ni were kept stable in bottom sediments and decreased in surface sediments. The variation tendency of these seven heavy metals indicated the degree of contamination had already relieved in surface sediments. 2) According to the three indexes, severe levels of pollution were observed in sediments of Puding Reservoir. Based on the geoaccumulation index and sediment quality guidelines, Pb was obviously enriched in sediments of Puding Reservoir. The potential ecological risk of Cd was higher in the sediments. Thus, Pb and Cd were considered as the dominant pollutants in sediments of Puding Reservoir. 3) Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that positively significant correlations (P<0.01) were found between Cr and Zn, as well as Ni and Zn. Same relationships were observed among these five heavy metal (Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) in sediments. Based on the principal component analysis, two major components were identified in heavy metals. One of the major component was consisted by four heavy metals (Zn, As, Cd and Pb), Cr and Ni was contained in the other one. According to the statistics results, it could imply that the concentrations of four heavy metals (Zn, As, Cd and Pb) and another two heavy metals (Cr, Ni) in sediments were influenced mainly by mining and industrial emissions around Puding Reservoir, respectively.

Key words： heavy metal contamination distribution characteristics sediments Puding Reservoir

收稿日期: 2017-05-12

X703.5

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目（41563012，U1612442）；贵州省水利厅资助项目（KT201401）；贵州省科技厅资助项目（黔科合J重大字[2015]2001；黔科合人字（2015）10号）

通讯作者: 李秋华,教授,qiuhua2002@126.com E-mail: qiuhua2002@126.com

作者简介: 唐黎(1991-),男,四川广安人,苏州师范大学硕士研究生,主要从事水域生态学研究.

引用本文:

唐黎, 李秋华, 陈椽, 王龙, 何应, 陈峰峰, 高永春, 骆兰. 贵州普定水库沉积物重金属分布及污染特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017, 37(12): 4710-4721. TANG Li, LI Qiu-hua, CHEN Chuan, WANG Long, HE Ying, CHEN Feng-feng, GAO Yong-chun, LUO Lan. Distribution and pollution characteristics of heavy metals in sediments of Puding Reservoir, Guizhou Province. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2017, 37(12): 4710-4721.

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