Source identification and spatial distribution of soil heavy metals in Western Yunnan
WANG Qiao-lin1,2,3, SONG Yun-tao1,2,3, WANG Cheng-wen1,2,3, XU Ren-ting1,2,3, PENG Min1,2,3, ZHOU Ya-long1,2,3, HAN Wei1,2,3
1. Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China; 2. Research Center of Geochemical Survey and Assessment on Land Quality, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth's Critical Zone, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China
Abstract:A total of 4193 samples of surface soils were collected in the high background area of heavy metals in Western Yunnan, and the contents of eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) were analyzed. The sources of soil heavy metals and the relationship between soil parent materials and land use patterns were discussed by using correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Moreover, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil heavy metals were analyzed by geostatistics. -The average contents of eight heavy metals in study area were higher than the national soil background value, but lower than the pollution risk screening value. The average As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn contents were equivalent to the background value of soils in Yunnan Province, and the average contents of Hg and Cr were 2.35 and 1.60 times greater than the background value, indicating heavy metals have been accumulated in different degrees in surface soils. The Cr, Cu and Ni in surface soils are mainly controlled by parent materials. However, Cd, Zn and Pb are mainly affected by human activities, including mining activities, transportation and coal combustion, and Cd and Zn are affected by parent materials to a certain extent. The As and Hg are predominantly anthropogenic sources, which include mining activities, agricultural activities and coal combustion. The average Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and Ni concentrations were the highest in the soils derived from sedimentary rocks, and the average As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni and Zn concentrations were the highest in grassland. High-Cu, Ni and Cr concentrations occur in the western and southern part of study area, and are spatially associated with the occurrence of sedimentary rocks and copper, iron and mercury deposits in the area. The areas with high Pb, Cd and Zn contents are largely consistent with the distribution of Pb, Zn and Hg ore deposits in study area. High-As and Hg concentrations in surface soils has a high spatial consistency with the distribution of hydrothermal metal deposits such as lead-zinc deposits and mercury deposits, and also shows a high background characteristic in areas with intensive human activities.
王乔林, 宋云涛, 王成文, 徐仁廷, 彭敏, 周亚龙, 韩伟. 滇西地区土壤重金属来源解析及空间分布[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(8): 3693-3703.
WANG Qiao-lin, SONG Yun-tao, WANG Cheng-wen, XU Ren-ting, PENG Min, ZHOU Ya-long, HAN Wei. Source identification and spatial distribution of soil heavy metals in Western Yunnan. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2021, 41(8): 3693-3703.
成杭新,李括,李敏,等.中国城市土壤化学元素的背景值与基准值[J]. 地学前缘, 2014,21(3):265-306. Cheng H X, Li K, Li M, et al. Geochemical background and baseline value of chemical elements in urban soil in China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2014,21(3):265-306.
[2]
Chen R, Ye C. Land management:Resolving soil pollution in China[J]. Nature, 2014,505(7484):483.
[3]
Lv J S, Liu Y, Zhang Z L, et al. Multivariate geostatistical analyses of heavy metals in soils:spatial multi-scale variations in Wulian, Eastern China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2014,107:140-147.
[4]
Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H. Trace elements in soils and plants[M]. London:CSC Press, 2001:27-55.
[5]
于元赫,吕建树,王亚梦.黄河下游典型区域土壤重金属来源解析及空间分布[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(6):2865-2874. Yu Y H, Lv J S, Wang Y M.Source identification and spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils in typical areas around the lower Yellow River[J]. Enviorment Science, 2018,39(6):2865-2874.
[6]
Chen T B, Zheng Y M, Lei M, et al. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface soils of urban parks in Beijing, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2005,60(4):542-551.
[7]
杨永忠.贵州环境异常元素地球化学研究[J]. 贵州地质, 1999,16(1):66-72. Yang Y Z. The geochemistry of anomalous elements in the environment of Guizhou[J]. Guizhou Geology, 1999,16(1):66-72.
武永锋,刘丛强,涂成龙.贵阳城市土壤重金属元素形态分析[J]. 矿物学报, 2008,28(2):177-180. Wu Y F, Liu C Q, Tu C L.Speciation of heavy metals in urban soil at Guiyang[J]. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 2008,28(2):177-180.
[10]
Tu C L, He T B, Liu C Q, et al. Effects of land use and parent materials on trace elements accumulation in topsoil[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2013,42(1):103-110.
[11]
Martín J A R, Ramos-Miras J J, Boluda R, et al.Spatial relations of heavy metals in arable and greenhouse soils of a Mediterranean environment region(Spain)[J]. Geoderma, 2013,200-201:180-188.
[12]
吕建树,张祖陆,刘洋,等.日照市土壤重金属来源解析及环境风险评价[J]. 地理学报, 2012,67(7):971-984. Lv J S, Zhang Z L, Liu Y, et al.Sources identification and hazardous risk delineation of heavy metals contamination in Rizhao city[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012,67(7):971-984.
[13]
Lv J S, Liu Y, Zhang Z L, et al. Identifying the origins and spatial distributions of heavy metals in soils of Ju country (Eastern China) using multivariate and geostatistical approach[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2015,15(1):163-178.
[14]
李永华,王五一,杨林生,等.湘西多金属矿区汞铅污染土壤的环境质量[J]. 环境科学, 2005,26(5):187-191. Li Y H, Wang W Y, Yang L S, et al.Environmental quality of soil polluted by mercury and lead in polymetallic deposit areas of western Hunan province[J]. Enviorment Science, 2005,26(5):187-191.
[15]
张长波,吴龙华,骆永明.稳健变异函数在土壤污染物来源识别中的应用:以某重金属污染场地为例[J]. 环境科学, 2008,29(3):804-808. Zhang C B, Wu L H, Luo Y M.Application of robust estimator in source identification of soil pollutants:a case study at a heavy metal contaminated site[J]. Enviorment Science, 2008,29(3):804-808.
[16]
袁永强,刘丛强.广西某地金属冶炼废水外溢对农田土壤的污染特征[J]. 环境科学, 2011,32(11):3312-3317. Yuan Y Q, Liu C Q. Pollution of agricultural soils by a wastewater outflow from a metal smelter in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region[J]. Enviorment Science, 2011,32(11):3312-3317.
[17]
张莉,祁士华,瞿程凯,等.福建九龙江流域重金属分布来源及健康风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014,34(8):2133-2139. Zhang L, Qi S H, Zhai C K, et al. Distribution, source and health risk assessment of heavy metals in the water of Jiulong River, Fujian[J]. China Enviorment Science, 2014,34(8):2133-2139.
[18]
韩培培,谢俭,王剑,等.丹江口水库新增淹没区农田土壤重金属源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(8):2437-2443. Han P P, Xie J, Wang J, et al. Source apportionment of heavy metals in farmland soil from new submerged area in Danjiangkou Reservoir[J]. China Enviorment Science, 2016,36(8):2437-2443.
[19]
周艳,陈樯,邓绍坡,等.西南某铅锌矿区农田土壤重金属空间主成分分析及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(6):2884-2892. Zhou Y, Chen Q, Deng S P, et al.Principal component analysis and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in farmland soils around a Pb-Zn mine in Southwestern China[J]. Enviorment Science, 2018, 39(6):2884-2892.
[20]
李伟迪,崔云霞,曾撑撑,等.太滆运河流域农田土壤重金属污染特征与来源解析[J]. 环境科学, 2019,40(11):5073-5081. Li W D, Cui Y X, Zeng C C, et al.Pollution characteristics and source analysis of heavy metals in farmland soils in the Taige Canal Valley[J]. Enviorment Science, 2019,40(11):5073-5081.
[21]
盛维康,侯青叶,杨忠芳,等.湘江水系沉积物重金属元素分布特征及风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2019,39(5):2230-2240. Sheng W K, Hou Q Y, Yang Z F, et al.Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments from Xiang River[J]. China Enviorment Science, 2019,39(5):2230-2240.
[22]
赵东杰,王学求.滇黔桂岩溶区河漫滩土壤重金属含量、来源及潜在生态风险[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(4):1609-1619. Zhao D J, Wang X Q. Distribution, sources and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the floodplain soils of the karst area of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi[J]. China Enviorment Science, 2020,40(4):1609-1619.
[23]
张富贵,彭敏,王惠艳,等.基于乡镇尺度的西南重金属高背景区土壤重金属生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2020,41(9):4197-4209. Zhang F G, Peng M, Wang H Y, et al. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals at township scale in the high background of heavy metals, Southwestern, China[J]. Enviorment Science, 2020,41(9):4197-4209.
王学求,周建,徐善法,等.全国地球化学基准网建立与土壤地球化学基准值特征[J]. 中国地质, 2016,43(5):1469-1480. Wang X Q, Zhou J, Xu S F, et al. China soil geochemical baselines networks:Data characteristics[J]. Geology in China, 2016,43(5):1469-1480.
[26]
中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1990:329-472. China Environmental Monitoring Station. Background value of soil elements in China[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 1990:329-472.
[27]
GB15618-2018土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)[S]. GB15618-2018 Soil environmental quality. Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land[S].
[28]
宋波,刘畅,陈同斌.广西土壤和沉积物砷含量及污染分布特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017,32(4):654-668. Song B, Liu C, Chen T B. Contents and pollution distribution characteristics of arsenic in soils and sediments in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2017,32(4):654-668.
[29]
Wilding L P. Spatial variability:its documentation, accommodation, and implication to soil surveys[M]//Nielsen D R Bouma J. Soil spatial variability. Wageningen:Pudoc Publishers, 1985:166-194
[30]
戴彬,吕建树,战金成,等.山东省典型工业城市土壤重金属来源、空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2015,36(2):507-515. Dai B, Lv J S, Zhan J C, et al. Assessment of sources, spatial distribution and ecological risk of heavy metals in soils in a typical industry-based city of Shandong province, Eastern China[J]. Enviorment Science, 2015,36(2):507-515.
[31]
Lv J S, Zhang Z L, Li S, et al. Assessing spatial distribution, sources, and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Nansi Lake, eastern China[J]. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2014,299(3):1671-1681.
[32]
蔡立梅,马瑾,周永章,等.东莞市农业土壤重金属的空间分布特征及来源解析[J]. 环境科学, 2008,29(12):3496-3502. Cai L M, Ma J, Zhou Y Z, et al. Multivariate geostatistics and Gis based approach to study the spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in agricultural soil in the Pearl River Delta, China[J]. Enviorment Science, 2008,29(12):3496-3502.
[33]
Zhang S, Yang D, Li F L, et al.Determination of regional soil geochemical baselines for trace metals with principal component regression:A case study in the Jianghan plain, China[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2014,48:193-206.
[34]
吕建树,何华春.江苏海岸带土壤重金属来源解析及空间分布[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(6):2853-2864. Lv J S, He H C. Identifying the origins and spatial distributions of heavy metals in the soils of the Jiangsu Coast[J]. Enviorment Science, 2018,39(6):2853-2864.
[35]
Sun C Y, Liu J S, Wang Y, et al. Multivariate and geostatistical analyses of the spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in agricultural soil in Dehui, Northeast China[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 92(5):517-523.
[36]
Cai L M, Xu Z C, Ren M Z, et al. Source identification of eight hazardous heavy metals in agricultural soils of Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2012, 78:2-8.
[37]
Facchinelli A, Saechi E, Mallen L. Multivariate statistical and GIS-based approach to identify heavy metal sources in soils[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2001,114(3):313-324.
[38]
谢学锦,程志忠,张立生,等.中国西南地区76种元素地球化学图集[M]. 北京:地质出版社, 2008:163-186. Xie X J, Cheng Z Z, Zhang L S et al. Geochemical atlas of 76 elements in Southwest China[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 2008:163-186.
[39]
Liu Y, Ma Z W, Lv J S, et al. Identifying sources and hazardous risks of heavy metals in topsoils of rapidly urbanizing East China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2016,26(6):735-749.
[40]
刘硕,吴泉源,曹学江,等.龙口煤矿区土壤重金属污染评价与空间分布特征[J]. 环境科学, 2016,37(1):270-279. Liu S, Wu Q Y, Cao X J, et al. Pollution assessment and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soils of coal mining area in Longkou city[J]. Enviorment Science, 2016,37(1):270-279.
[41]
徐颖菲,张耿苗,张丽君,等.亚热带不同母岩成壤过程中金属元素的迁移和积累特点[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2019,31(12):2064-2072. Xu Y F, Zhang G M, Zhang L J, et al. Migration and accumulation of metal elements during formation of soils derived from different parent rocks in subtropical zone[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2019, 31(12):2064-2072.
[42]
肖昌浩.三江中南段低温热液矿床成矿系列研究[D]. 北京:中国地质大学(北京), 2013. Xiao C H. The study on minerogenic series of Epithermal deposits in mid-southern sement of the Sanjiang orogenic belt, southwest China[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2013.
[43]
成杭新,彭敏,赵传冬,等.表生地球化学动力学与中国西南土壤中化学元素分布模式的驱动机制[J]. 地学前缘, 2019,26(6):159-191. Cheng H X, Peng M, Zhao C D, et al. Epigenetic geochemical dynamics and driving mechanisms of distribution patterns of chemical elements in soil, Southwest, China[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2019, 26(6):159-191.
[44]
李应求,周姬,周学忠.基于Box-Cox变换的水位流量关系拟合[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2020,37(1):18-21. Li Y Q, Zhou J, Zhou X Z. Stage-Discharge curve fitting based on Box-Cox transform[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2020,37(1):18-21.
[45]
钟晓兰,周生路,黄明丽,等.土壤重金属的形态分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2009,18(4):1266-1273. Zhong X L, Zhou S L, Huang L M, et al. Chemical form distribution characteristic of soil heavy metals and its influencing factors[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2009,18(4):1266-1273.
[46]
蒲佳,马龙,吉力力·阿不都外力,等.常规方法对新疆地方土壤元素空间分析及重金属风险评价[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2018, 37(6):1166-1176. Pu J, Ma L, JILILI·Abuduwaili, et al. The spatial analysis of soil elements and a risk assessment of heavy metals based on regular methods in the Xinjiang local region[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018,37(6):1166-1176.
[47]
贾悦,崔宁博,魏新平,等.基于反距离权重法的长江流域参考作物蒸散量算法适用性评价[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016,32(6):130-138. Jia Y, Cui N B, Wei X P, et al. Applicability evaluation of different algorithms for reference crop evapotranspiration in Yangtze River Basin based on inverse distance weighted method[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016,32(6):130-138.