Abstract:This study investigated the characteristics of low-temperature pyrolysis of shoreline plastics under different salinity conditions, including 10mg/g, 35mg/g, and 500mg/g NaCl. The composition of pyrolysis products was analyzed. Results showed that CO and CH4 were the main gas products of the plastics collected from sandy and rocky shorelines at 550℃. Moreover, NaCl could improve the gas yield, and the increase was most obvious at 35mg/g. The pyrolysis gas yield of sandy and rocky shoreline plastics increased from 18.97% to 26.07%, and from 19.27% to 30.12%, respectively. However, NaCl decreased the gas release rate. Most NaCl remained in the solid residue, while few chlorine-containing substances were detected in other products. In addition, NaCl could also reduce the generation of particulate matter of rocky shoreline plastics. These findings indicated that the discharge of chlorine pollutants from shoreline plastics can be effectively controlled via low-temperature pyrolysis.
邓婷,高俊敏,吴文楠,等.温州沿海大型塑料垃圾排放特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2018,38(11):4354-4360. Deng T, Gao J M, Wu W N, et al. Study on the discharging characteristics of large plastic litters along Wenzhou coastal[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018,38(11):4354-4360.
[2]
Jambeck J R, Geyer R, Wilcox C, et al. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean[J]. Science, 2015,347(6223):768-771.
[3]
张典,俞炜炜,陈彬,等.厦门湾海洋塑料垃圾对中华白海豚的摄食风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(4):1809-1818. Zhang D, Yu W W, Chen B, et al. Risk assessment formarine plastic debris ingestion by Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in Xiamen Bay, China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(4):1809-1818.
[4]
Iniguez M E, Conesa J A, Soler A. Effect of marine ambient in the production of pollutants from the pyrolysis and combustion of a mixture of plastic materials[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2018, 130:249-257.
[5]
Iñiguez M E, Conesa J A, Fullana A. Marine debris occurrence and treatment:A review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016,64:394-402.
[6]
Garrido M A, Font R, Conesa J A. Pollutant emissions during the pyrolysis and combustion of flexible polyurethane foam[J]. Waste Management, 2016,52:138-146.
[7]
Conesa J A, Egea S, Moltó J, et al. Decomposition of two types of electric wires considering the effect of the metal in the production of pollutants[J]. Chemosphere, 2013,91(2):118-123.
[8]
Font R, Moltó J, Egea S, et al. Thermogravimetric kinetic analysis and pollutant evolution during the pyrolysis and combustion of mobile phone case[J]. Chemosphere, 2011,85(3):516-524.
[9]
Iñiguez M E, Conesa J A, Fullana A. Pollutant content in marine debris and characterization by thermal decomposition[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017,117(1/2):359-365.
[10]
Iñiguez M E, Conesa J A, Fullana A. Effect of sodium chloride and thiourea on pollutant formation during combustion of plastics[J]. Energies, 2018,11(8):2014.
[11]
赵肖,綦世斌,廖岩,等.我国海滩垃圾污染现状及控制对策[J]. 环境科学研究, 2016,29(10):1560-1566. Zhao X, Qi S B, Liao Y, et al. Investigation and control of beach litter pollution in China[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2016, 29(10):1560-1566.
[12]
韩孟迪,赵开远,张燕,等.大连黑石礁海滩垃圾污染调查与综合评价[J]. 环境保护与循环经济, 2016,(8):72-75. Han M D, Zhao K Y, Zhang Y, et al. Investigation and comprehensive evaluation of garbage pollution in Heishijiao Beach, Dalian[J]. Environmental Protection and Circular Economy, 2016,(8):72-75.
[13]
Lee J, Lee J, Hong S, et al. Characteristics of meso-sized plastic marine debris on 20 beaches in Korea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017,123(1):92-96.
[14]
王倩,向静雅,陈钦冬,等.深圳市全海岸线垃圾成分及其特性研究[J]. 环境卫生工程, 2020,28(2):30-36. Wang Q, Xiang J Y, Chen Q D, et al. Study on the composition and characteristics of waste along the whole shoreline of Shenzhen[J]. Environmental Sanitation Engineering, 2020,28(2):30-36.
[15]
向静雅,王倩,邵明帅,等.深圳海滩塑料垃圾及其重金属污染分析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020,40(7):3097-3105. Xiang J Y, Wang Q, Shao M S, et al. Assessment of beach plastic waste and its heavy metal pollution in Shenzhen[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020,40(7):3097-3105.
[16]
Hidalgo-Ruz V, Gutow L, Thompson R C, et al. Microplastics in the marine environment:A review of the methods used for identification and quantification[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46(6):3060-3075.
[17]
Martins J, Sobral P. Plastic marine debris on the Portuguese coastline:A matter of size?[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2011,62(12):2649-2653.
[18]
Gasperi J, Dris R, Bonin T, et al. Assessment of floating plastic debris in surface water along the Seine River[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2014,195:163-166.
[19]
HJ 549-2016环境空气和废气氯化氢的测定离子色谱法[S]. 北京:环境保护部, 2016,5:13. Ambient air and stationary source emissions-determination of hydrogen chloride-Ion chromatography[S]. Beijing:Ministry of Environmental Protection. 2016,5:13.
[20]
杨懂艳,陈圆圆,丁萌萌,等.氯气共存时氯化氢监测分析方法研究[C]//中国环境科学学会,2013中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集(第四卷).北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2013:474-478. Yang D Y, Chen Y Y, Ding M M, et al. Study on monitoring and analysis method of hydrogen chloride when chlorine gas coexists[C]//Chinese Society for Evironmental Sciences. 2013 Chinese Society for Environmental Science Annual Conference Proceedings (Vol. 4). Beijing:China Environmental Science Press, 2013:474-478.
[21]
赵融芳,叶树峰,谢裕生,等.焦煤、塑料和粉尘共热解失重分析[J]. 环境科学, 2003,(5):28-33. Zhao R F, Ye S F, Xie Y S, et al. Study on Co-pyrolysis of coking-coal, plastic and dust[J]. Environmental Science, 2003,(5):28-33.
[22]
张大磊,李公伟,李卫华,等.聚乙烯塑料/铬渣共热解还原Cr(Ⅵ)的实验研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2017,37(5):1852-1857. Zhang D L, Li G W, Li W H, et al. Experimental study on reduction of Cr (VI) by co-pyrolysis of polyethylene/chromite ore processing residue[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(5):1852-1857.
[23]
龙小柱,刘婧雯,马超.混合车辆废塑料(PET-PE)热裂解的研究[J]. 化工科技, 2017,25(2):49-52. Long X Z, Liu J W, Ma C. Waste plastic (PET-PE) pyrolysis process[J]. Science & Technology in Chemical Industry, 2017,25(2):49-52.
[24]
Syamsiro M, Saptoadi H, Norsujianto T, et al. Fuel oil production from municipal plastic wastes in sequential pyrolysis and catalytic reforming reactors[J]. Energy Procedia, 2014,47:180-188.
[25]
韩斌.聚氯乙烯等塑料废弃物热解特性及动力学研究[D]. 天津:天津大学, 2012:40-41. Han B. Study on pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of polyvinyl chloride) and other plastics wastes[D]. Tianjin:Tianjin University, 2012:40-41.
[26]
Lin X, Kong L, Cai H, et al. Effects of alkali and alkaline earth metals on the co-pyrolysis of cellulose and high density polyethylene using TGA and Py-GC/MS[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2019,191:71-78.
[27]
杨震,乔维川,张晋华,等.聚烯烃类废塑料热分解技术中催化剂的选择和机理初探[J]. 环境科学, 1998,(5):49-52. Yang Z, Qiao W C, Zhang J H, et al. The preliminary research on the selection of catalyst and mechanism in catalytic degradation of waste polyolefins[J]. Environmental Science, 1998,(5):49-52.
[28]
Levchik S, Weil E. A review on thermal decomposition and combustion of thermoplastic polyesters[J]. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2004,15:691-700.
[29]
Boerio F J, Bahl S K, Mcgraw G E. Vibrational analysis of polyethylene terephthalate and its deuterated derivatives[J]. Journal of Polymer Science:Polymer Physics Edition, 1976,14(6):1029-1046.
[30]
Holland B J, Hay J N. The kinetics and mechanisms of the thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate) studied by thermal analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy[J]. Polymer, 2001,42(11):4825-4835.
[31]
Fann D M, Huang S, Lee J-Y. DSC studies on the crystallization characteristics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) for blow molding applications[J]. Polymer Engineering & Science, 1998,38:265-273.
[32]
Holland B J, Hay J N. The thermal degradation of PET and analogous polyesters measured by thermal analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy[J]. Polymer, 2002,43(2002):1835-1847.