Emission characteristics and influencing factors of tire wear particles from light-duty vehicles
HAN Quan-kang1, CHEN Hong-fei1, ZU Lei2, ZHANG Yu-zhe3, WANG Yun-jing2, XIE Pei-yuan1, ZHU Ren-cheng1
1. School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Pollution Control and Simulation for Environmental Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; 3. Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
摘要 To investigate the emission characteristics of tire wear particles (TWPs), tire wear emission tests based on the real-world driving were carried out on typical light-duty vehicles. The physicochemical characteristics of TWPs were systematically analyzed, along with the effects of environmental temperature, vehicle type, curb weight, and tyre position. The results showed that the main metallic elements in TWPs were Si, Ca, Na, etc. The sizes of TWPs were concentrated in 5~30µm and the shapes were spherical, rod-like, aggregated, and irregular, etc. The average OC/EC value was 4.8. The average emission factor of TWPs in autumn and winter (112.7mg/km) was slightly higher than those in spring and summer (104.6mg/km). A positive correlation was observed between the curb weight and the emission factor of the TWPs. The emission factors of the TWPs of electric vehicles (70.2~177.6mg/km) were slightly higher than those (54.2~155.2mg/km) of fuelled vehicles. The front tires of light-duty vehicles emitted 6%~30% more TWPs than the rear tires on average. It was estimated that the total annual TWPs emissions from light-duty vehicles in China reached 481,000 tons in 2022, exceeding the exhaust particulate matter emissions .
Abstract：To investigate the emission characteristics of tire wear particles (TWPs), tire wear emission tests based on the real-world driving were carried out on typical light-duty vehicles. The physicochemical characteristics of TWPs were systematically analyzed, along with the effects of environmental temperature, vehicle type, curb weight, and tyre position. The results showed that the main metallic elements in TWPs were Si, Ca, Na, etc. The sizes of TWPs were concentrated in 5~30µm and the shapes were spherical, rod-like, aggregated, and irregular, etc. The average OC/EC value was 4.8. The average emission factor of TWPs in autumn and winter (112.7mg/km) was slightly higher than those in spring and summer (104.6mg/km). A positive correlation was observed between the curb weight and the emission factor of the TWPs. The emission factors of the TWPs of electric vehicles (70.2~177.6mg/km) were slightly higher than those (54.2~155.2mg/km) of fuelled vehicles. The front tires of light-duty vehicles emitted 6%~30% more TWPs than the rear tires on average. It was estimated that the total annual TWPs emissions from light-duty vehicles in China reached 481,000 tons in 2022, exceeding the exhaust particulate matter emissions.
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