2003~2024年长江流域水质时空演变特征

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (2160 KB) HTML (0 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要揭示三峡水库蓄水以来,长江流域水质时空格局是流域综合治理的基础.基于多元线性逐步回归分析,筛选出2003~2024年间影响长江流域水质的关键指标为TP、COD_Mn、NH₃-N、Pb和DO.单因子评价和WQI_min指数评价表明长江全流域平均水质达到优秀水平,乌江流域、岷沱江流域以及太湖水系是长江流域污染较为严重的二级流域,其中TP与NH₃-N污染较为突出,水质状况空间异质性显著;使用线性回归分析与季节性Kendall趋势检验,发现长江流域整体水质状况提升趋势显著,具有明显的时间异质性,除汉江外其他二级流域水质状况均有显著上升趋势;三峡水库蓄水以来,上游嘉陵江、乌江流域和宜宾至宜昌干流的TP浓度以及中游洞庭湖、鄱阳湖水系和上游乌江流域NH₃-N浓度出现先上升后下降趋势.从长江全流域耦合二级支流,开展多尺度长序列多指标的水质时空演变特征研究,能为长江流域精准治污提供支撑.

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	陈瑞凯
	康瑾
	赵琰鑫
	郭琰琪
	徐晓林
	王永桂

关键词 ：三峡水库, 长江流域, 水质评价, 时空演变, 异质性

Abstract：The spatiotemporal evolution of water quality in the Yangtze River Basin since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir is critical for formulating comprehensive basin management strategies. Using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, key water quality indicators influencing the basin from 2003 to 2024 were identified as total phosphorus (TP), permanganate index (COD_Mn), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), lead (Pb), and dissolved oxygen (DO). Evaluations via the single-factor method and the WQI_min index demonstrated that the average water quality across the entire Yangtze River Basin has reached an excellent level. However, secondary basins—including the Wu River Basin, Min-Tuo River Basin, and Taihu Lake water system—exhibited relatively severe pollution, with TP and NH₃-N being the most prominent contaminants. Significant spatial heterogeneity in water quality was observed. Linear regression and seasonal Kendall tests indicated a statistically significant upward trend in the overall water quality of the Yangtze River Basin. All secondary basins, except the Han River Basin, demonstrated significant improvements. Following the Three Gorges Reservoir impoundment, TP concentrations in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (specifically the Jialing River Basin, Wu River Basin, and the mainstream section from Yibin to Yichang) initially increased and subsequently declined. Similarly, NH₃-N concentrations in the middle reaches (e.g., Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake water systems) and the Wu River Basin located in the upper Yangtze River exhibited comparable trends of initial rise followed by reduction. Conducting research on the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of water quality across the entire Yangtze River Basin, incorporating secondary tributaries through multi-scale, long-term time series, and multi-indicator analyses, provides critical scientific support for precise pollution mitigation strategies in the region. Such an integrated approach enables a comprehensive understanding of water quality dynamics, identifies pollution hotspots, and informs spatially differentiated management actions, thereby enhancing the efficacy of basin-wide environmental governance.

Key words： Three Gorges Reservoir Yangtze River Basin water quality assessment space-time evolution heterogeneity

收稿日期: 2024-09-30

PACS:

X824

基金资助:湖北省自然科学基金三峡创新发展联合基金(2024AFD371);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3203502);湖北省科技重大专项(2023BCA003)

作者简介: 陈瑞凯(1999-),男,河南开封人,中国地质大学(武汉)硕士研究生,主要从事流域水质变化分析和地表水数值模拟研究.chenrk@cug.edu.cn.

引用本文:

陈瑞凯, 康瑾, 赵琰鑫, 郭琰琪, 徐晓林, 王永桂. 2003~2024年长江流域水质时空演变特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2025, 45(4): 2171-2182. CHEN Rui-kai, KANG Jin, ZHAO Yan-xin, GUO Yan-qi, XU Xiao-lin, WANG Yong-gui. Spatial and temporal evolution of water quality in the Yangtze River Basin from 2003 to 2024. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2025, 45(4): 2171-2182.

链接本文:

http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/ 或 http://www.zghjkx.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I4/2171

[1] 杨桂山,徐昔保,王维.长江保护与发展近30年基本态势、面临挑战与协同治理[J].长江流域资源与环境. 2022,31(8):1653-1663. Yang G S, Xu X B, Wang W. Basic situation, challenges and coordinated governance of protection and development for Yangtze River in past 30years[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2022,31(8):1653-1663.
[2] Li J Q, Shen Z Y, Cai J Y, et al. Copula-based analysis of socio-economic impact on water quantity and quality:a case study of Yitong River, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment. 2023,859:160176.
[3] Zheng B F, Zhao J Y, You D. Study on the coupling relationship between water environment and social economy in Ganjiang River Basin[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2018,122:14-19.
[4] Cullis J, Rossouw N, du Toit G, et al. Economic risks due to declining water quality in the breede river catchment[J]. Water Sa. 2018, 44(3):464-473.
[5] Huang J C, Zhang Y J, Bing H J, et al. Characterizing the river water quality in China:recent progress and on-going challenges[J]. Water Research. 2021,201:117309.
[6] 陈前,唐文忠,许妍,等.基于溶解氧和耗氧污染物变化的长江流域水质改善过程分析(2008~2018年)[J].环境工程学报, 2023, 17(1):279-287. Chen Q, Tang W Z, Xu Y, et al. recovery process analysis of water quality in the Yangtze River Basin based on changes of dissolved oxygen and oxygen-consuming substances (2008~2018)[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering. 2023,17(1):279-287.
[7] 陈善荣,何立环,张凤英,等.2016~2019年长江流域水质时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究. 2020,33(5):1100-1108. Chen S R, He L H, Zhang F Y, et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics of surface water quality of the Yangtze River Basin during 2016~2019[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences. 2020,33(5):1100-1108.
[8] 尹炜,王超,张洪.长江流域总磷问题思考[J].人民长江, 2022,53(4):44-52. Yin W, Wang C, Zhang H. Consideration on total phosphorus problem in Yangtze River Basin[J]. Yangtze River, 2022,53(4):44-52.
[9] 许静,王永桂,陈岩,等.长江上游沱江流域地表水环境质量时空变化特征[J].地球科学, 2020,45(6):1937-1947. Xu J, Wang Y G, Chen Y, et al. Characteristics on spatiotemporal variations of surface water environmental quality in Tuojiang River in upper reaches of Yangtze River Basin[J]. Earth Science, 2020,45(6):1937-1947.
[10] 郑群威,苏维词,杨振华,等.乌江流域水环境质量评价及污染源解析[J].水土保持研究, 2019,26(3):204-212. Zheng Q W, Su W C, Yang Z H, et al. Assessment of water environmental quality and analysis of pollution sources in Wujiang River Basin[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019,26(3):204-212.
[11] 郭晶,连花,李利强,等.洞庭湖水质污染状况及主要污染物来源分析[J].水生态学杂志, 2019,40(4):1-7. Guo J, Lian H, Li L Q, et al. Pollution status and source analysis of the water environment in Dongting Lake[J]. Journal of Hydroecology, 2019,40(4):1-7.
[12] Geng M M, Wang K L, Yang N, et al. Spatiotemporal water quality variations and their relationship with hydrological conditions in Dongting Lake after the operation of the Three Gorges Dam, China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021,283:124644.
[13] Wu Z S, Wang X L, Chen Y W, et al. Assessing river water quality using water quality index in lake Taihu Basin, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018,612:914-922.
[14] 秦伯强,吴海斌.长江流域湖泊富营养化发展趋势与展望[J].人民长江, 2023,54(10):18-23. Qin B Q, Wu H B. Lake Eutrophication development trend and perspectives in Changjiang River Basin[J]. Yangtze River, 2023,54(10):18-23.
[15] 辛小康,尹炜.长江干流2010~2019年主要污染物时空变化分析[J].水电能源科学, 2022,40(7):66-70. Xin X K, Yin W. Analysis of temporal and spatial variation of main pollutants in the main stream of the Yangtze River from 2010 to 2019[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2022,40(7):66-70.
[16] Xiang R, Wang L J, Li H, et al. Temporal and spatial variation in water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir From 1998 to 2018[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021,768:144866.
[17] 曹艳敏,安宏雷,韩帅.湘江流域水环境评价模型及驱动因子识别[J].长江科学院院报, 2023,40(10):51-58. Cao Y M, An H L, Han S, Water environment assessment model and driving factors identification for Xiangjiang River Basin[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2023,40(10):51-58.
[18] GB 3838-2022地表水环境质量标准[S]. GB 3838-2022 Environmental quality standards for surface waters[S].
[19] 侯露,高愈霄,刘冰,等.汛期暴雨情景下鄱阳湖流域水质时空分布特征与污染成因分析[J].中国环境监测, 2023,39(4):110-124. Hou L, Gao Y X, Liu B, et al. Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and pollution causes of water quality in Poyang Lake Basin under rainstorm in flood season[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2023,39(4):110-124.
[20] 夏玉宝,王华,何新辰,等.太湖流域典型滨湖河网水动力与水质时空异质性[J].湖泊科学, 2021,33(4):1100-1111. Xia Y B, Wang H, He X C, et al. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of hydrodynamic forces and water quality in typical lakeside river networks in Taihu Basin[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2021,33(4):1100-1111.
[21] Ha D W, Baek J, Jung K Y, et al. Long-term water quality fluctuations in the Seomjin River System determined using LOWESS and seasonal Kendall analyses[J]. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2022,233(12):535.
[22] 候林丽,郎锋祥,徐鹏,等.万安水库水质时空变化特征及趋势分析[J].人民黄河, 2020,42(S2):121-123. Hou L L, Lang F X, Xu P, et al. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics and trend analysis of water quality in Wanan Reservoir[J]. Yellow River. 2020,42(S2):121-123.
[23] 黄燏,阙思思,罗晗郁,等.长江流域重点断面水质时空变异特征及污染源解析[J].环境工程学报, 2023,17(8):2468-2483. Huang Y, Que S S, Luo H Y, et al. Spatial and temporal variability of water quality at key cross-sections in the Yangtze River Basin and analysis of pollution sources[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2023,17(8):2468-2483.
[24] Pesce S F, Wunderlin D A. Use of water quality indices to verify the impact of Cordoba City (Argentina) on Suquia River[J]. Water Research. 2000,34(11):2915-2926.
[25] Kannel P R, Lee S, Lee Y S, et al. Application of water quality indices and dissolved oxygen as indicators for river water classification and urban impact assessment[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2007,132(1-3):93-110.
[26] Nong X Z, Shao D G, Zhong H, et al. Evaluation of water quality in the south-to-north water diversion project of China using the water quality index (WQI) method[J]. Water Research, 2020,178:115781.
[27] Hou W, Sun S H, Wang M Q, et al. Assessing water quality of five typical reservoirs in lower reaches of Yellow River, China:using a water quality index method[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2016,61:309-316.
[28] 杨列,闫霄珂,刘艳丽,等.基于WQI_min模型的武汉市金银湖水质时空特性[J].长江科学院院报, 2022,39(4):49-55. Yang L, Yan X K, Liu Y L, et al. Analyzing Spatio-temporal characteristics of water quality in Jinyin Lake using water quality crucial index (WQI_min)[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2022,39(4):49-55.
[29] 毛德华,周滢,周懿琳.1990~2016年湘江流域水质时空变化及驱动因素分析[J].环境科学. 2024, 45(7):3953-3964. Mao D H, Zhou Y, Zhou Y L. Analysis of spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of water quality in the Xiangjiang River Basin from 1990 to 2016[J]. Environmental Science, 2024,45(7):3953-3964.
[30] 唐琦,刘兵,王璞,等.改进WQI在川中丘陵地区典型流域水质评价中的应用--以琼江流域上游段为例[J].环境工程技术学报, 2022,12(2):615-623. Tang Q, Liu B, Wang P, et al. Application of improved WQI model in water quality assessment of typical watershed in the hilly area of central Sichuan Province:a case study in the upper reaches of Qiongjiang River Basin[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2022,12(2):615-623.
[31] 陈善荣,何立环,林兰钰,等.近40年来长江干流水质变化研究[J].环境科学研究, 2020,33(5):1119-1128. Chen S R, He L H, Lin L Y, et al. Change trends of surface water quality in the mainstream of the Yangtze River during the past four decades[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2020,33(5):1119-1128.
[32] 娄保锋,卓海华,周正,等.近18年长江干流水质和污染物通量变化趋势分析[J].环境科学研究, 2020,33(5):1150-1162. Lou B F, Zhuo H H, Zhou Z, et al. Analysis on alteration of water quality and pollutant fluxes in the Yangtze Mainstem during recently 18years[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2020,33(5):1150-1162.
[33] Hirsch R M, Slack J R, Smith R A. Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data[J]. Water Resources Research, 1982,18(1):107-121.
[34] Smith R A, Hirsch R M, Slack J R. A study of trends in total phosphorus measurements at NASQAN stations[A]//US Geological Survey. Water Supply Paper[C]. Washington, D.C.:US Government Printing Office, 1982:1-35.
[35] 胡国华,唐忠旺,肖翔群.季节性Kendall检验及其在三门峡水库水质趋势分析中的应用[J].地理与地理信息科学, 2004,(3):86-88. Hu G H, Tang Z W, Xiao X Q. Trend analysis of water quality of sanmenxia reservoir of the Yellow River[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science. 2004,(3):86-88.
[36] Hipel K W, Mcleod A I. Time series modelling of water resources and environmental systems[M]. Canada:Elsevier Science, 1995:853-938.
[37] 艾婉秀,赵珊珊,陈鲜艳,等.1961~2020年三峡库区极端降水的变化特征研究[J].长江流域资源与环境. 2024,33(3):625-633. Ai W X, Zhao S S, Chen X Y, et al. Characteristics of extreme precipitation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region during 1961~2020[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2024,33(3):625-633.
[38] 关文海,骆国辉,王攀菲,等.嘉陵江总磷通量变化及空间来源解析[J].中国环境科学, 2024,44(3):1448-1456. Guan W H, Luo G H, Wang P F, et al. Variation of TP flux in Jialing River and spatial source apportionment. China Environmental Sciencece, 2024,44(3):1448-1456.
[39] 赵健,籍瑶,刘玥,等.长江流域农业面源污染现状、问题与对策[J].环境保护, 2022,50(17):30-32. Zhao J, Ji Y, Liu Y, et al. Current situation, problems and suggestions on agricultural non-point source pollution in the Yangtze River Basin[J]. Environmental Protection, 2022,50(17):30-32.
[40] 周建银,高菲,元媛,等.三峡水库运行前后长江中下游干流及两湖的径流过程变化[J].湖泊科学, 2023,35(2):696-708. Zhou J Y, Gao F, Yuan Y, et al. Runoff variation in the middle and lower branches of Yangtze River and the two lakes (Dongting and Poyang Lake) before and after Three Gorges Reservoir's operation[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2023,35(2):696-708.
[41] 王圣瑞,倪兆奎,储昭升,等.江湖关系变化及其对鄱阳湖水环境影响研究--代"江湖关系变化及其对鄱阳湖水环境影响研究"专栏序言[J].环境科学学报, 2015,35(5):1259-1264. Wang S R, Ni Z K, Chu Z S, et al. Studies on the change of the river-lake relationship and its impact on water environment in Poyang Lake[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 35(5):1259-1264
[42] 黄冬凌,倪兆奎,赵爽,等.基于湖泊与出入湖水质关联性研究:以鄱阳湖为例[J].环境科学, 2019,40(10):4450-4460. Huang D L, Ni Z K, Zhao S, et al. Correlation analysis of water quality between lake inflow and outflow:a case study of Poyang Lake[J]. Environmental Science, 2019,40(10):4450-4460.
[43] 张云霞,魏峣,汪涛.沱江流域河流氮、磷浓度时空分布特征及污染状况评价[J].环境污染与防治, 2021,43(8):1028-1034. Zhang Y X, Wei Y, Wang T. Pollution assessment and spatiotemporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of rivers in Tuojiang River Basin[J]. Environmental Pollution& Control, 2021,43(8):1028-1034.
[44] 肖宇婷,姚婧,谌书,等.沱江流域总氮面源污染负荷时空演变[J].环境科学, 2021,42(8):3773-3784. Xiao Y T, Yao J, Chen S, et al. Temporal and spatial evolution of non-point source pollution load of total nitrogen in Tuojiang River Basin[J]. Environmental Science, 2021,42(8):3773-3784.
[45] Wang Y G, Song Z, Bai H, et al. Scale effects of land use on river water quality:a case study of the Tuojiang River Basin, China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023,30(16):48002-48020.
[46] 尤本胜,刘伟京,操庆,等.建立促进太湖水生态健康的流域现代化治理体系的建议[J].环境监测管理与技术, 2023,35(3):1-5. You B S, Liu W J, Cao Q, et al. Suggestions on establishing a modern watershed management system to promote the water ecological health of Taihu Lake[J]. The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring, 2023,35(3):1-5.
[47] 秦延文,马迎群,王丽婧,等.长江流域总磷污染:分布特征·来源解析·控制对策[J].环境科学研究, 2018,31(1):9-14. Qin Y W, Ma Y Q, Wang L J, et al. Pollution of the total phosphorus in the Yangtze River Basin:distribution characteristics, source and control strategy[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2018,31(1):9-14.
[48] 赵晏慧,李韬,黄波,等.2016~2020年长江中游典型湖泊水质和富营养化演变特征及其驱动因素[J].湖泊科学, 2022,34(5):1441-1451. Zhao Y H, Li T, Huang B, et al. Evolution characteristics and driving factors of water quality and eutrophication of typical lakes in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2016 to 2020[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2022,34(5):1441-1451.
[49] 刘志刚,倪兆奎.鄱阳湖发展演变及江湖关系变化影响[J].环境科学学报, 2015, 35(5):1265-1273. Liu Z G, Ni Z K. The influence rules of lake evolution and changing river-lake relationship in Poyang Lake[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae. 2015,35(5):1265-1273.
[50] 徐杨,王宇翔,汪维维,等.长江流域全面强化河湖长制的推进与探索研究[J].水利发展研究, 2024,24(4):43-50. Xu Y, Wang Y X, Wang W W, et al. A study on the promotion and exploration of fully strengthening the river and lake chief system in the Yangtze River Basin[J]. Water Resources Development Research, 2024,24(4):43-50.