2003~2024年长江流域水质时空演变特征

陈瑞凯; 康瑾; 赵琰鑫; 郭琰琪; 徐晓林; 王永桂

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中国环境科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4) : 2171-2182.

环境生态

2003~2024年长江流域水质时空演变特征

陈瑞凯¹, 康瑾², 赵琰鑫³, 郭琰琪¹, 徐晓林¹, 王永桂¹

作者信息 +

Spatial and temporal evolution of water quality in the Yangtze River Basin from 2003 to 2024

CHEN Rui-kai¹, KANG Jin², ZHAO Yan-xin³, GUO Yan-qi¹, XU Xiao-lin¹, WANG Yong-gui¹

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文章历史 +

摘要

揭示三峡水库蓄水以来,长江流域水质时空格局是流域综合治理的基础.基于多元线性逐步回归分析,筛选出2003~2024年间影响长江流域水质的关键指标为TP、COD_Mn、NH₃-N、Pb和DO.单因子评价和WQI_min指数评价表明长江全流域平均水质达到优秀水平,乌江流域、岷沱江流域以及太湖水系是长江流域污染较为严重的二级流域,其中TP与NH₃-N污染较为突出,水质状况空间异质性显著;使用线性回归分析与季节性Kendall趋势检验,发现长江流域整体水质状况提升趋势显著,具有明显的时间异质性,除汉江外其他二级流域水质状况均有显著上升趋势;三峡水库蓄水以来,上游嘉陵江、乌江流域和宜宾至宜昌干流的TP浓度以及中游洞庭湖、鄱阳湖水系和上游乌江流域NH₃-N浓度出现先上升后下降趋势.从长江全流域耦合二级支流,开展多尺度长序列多指标的水质时空演变特征研究,能为长江流域精准治污提供支撑.

Abstract

The spatiotemporal evolution of water quality in the Yangtze River Basin since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir is critical for formulating comprehensive basin management strategies. Using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, key water quality indicators influencing the basin from 2003 to 2024 were identified as total phosphorus (TP), permanganate index (COD_Mn), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), lead (Pb), and dissolved oxygen (DO). Evaluations via the single-factor method and the WQI_min index demonstrated that the average water quality across the entire Yangtze River Basin has reached an excellent level. However, secondary basins—including the Wu River Basin, Min-Tuo River Basin, and Taihu Lake water system—exhibited relatively severe pollution, with TP and NH₃-N being the most prominent contaminants. Significant spatial heterogeneity in water quality was observed. Linear regression and seasonal Kendall tests indicated a statistically significant upward trend in the overall water quality of the Yangtze River Basin. All secondary basins, except the Han River Basin, demonstrated significant improvements. Following the Three Gorges Reservoir impoundment, TP concentrations in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (specifically the Jialing River Basin, Wu River Basin, and the mainstream section from Yibin to Yichang) initially increased and subsequently declined. Similarly, NH₃-N concentrations in the middle reaches (e.g., Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake water systems) and the Wu River Basin located in the upper Yangtze River exhibited comparable trends of initial rise followed by reduction. Conducting research on the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of water quality across the entire Yangtze River Basin, incorporating secondary tributaries through multi-scale, long-term time series, and multi-indicator analyses, provides critical scientific support for precise pollution mitigation strategies in the region. Such an integrated approach enables a comprehensive understanding of water quality dynamics, identifies pollution hotspots, and informs spatially differentiated management actions, thereby enhancing the efficacy of basin-wide environmental governance.

导出引用

陈瑞凯, 康瑾, 赵琰鑫, 郭琰琪, 徐晓林, 王永桂. 2003~2024年长江流域水质时空演变特征[J]. 中国环境科学. 2025, 45(4): 2171-2182

CHEN Rui-kai, KANG Jin, ZHAO Yan-xin, GUO Yan-qi, XU Xiao-lin, WANG Yong-gui. Spatial and temporal evolution of water quality in the Yangtze River Basin from 2003 to 2024[J]. China Environmental Science. 2025, 45(4): 2171-2182

中图分类号： X824

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