中国环境科学
 
 
中国环境科学  2016, Vol. 36 Issue (7): 2196-2204    DOI:
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民用固体燃料及烹调油烟杂环胺排放及健康风险评价
张宜升1,2, 李文秀3, 曹美娜2, 冯凝2, 何凌燕2, 黄晓锋2, 栾胜基2,4
1. 青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院, 山东 青岛 266033;
2. 北京大学环境与能源学院, 城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室, 广东 深圳 518055;
3. 长春市市容环境卫生管理局, 吉林 长春 130022;
4. 深港产学研基地环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室, 广东 深圳 518057
Emission characteristics and health risks assessment of heterocyclic amines from residential solid fuel use and cooking oils fumes
ZHANG Yi-sheng1,2, LI Wen-xiu3, CAO Mei-na2, FENG Ning2, HE Ling-yan2, HUANG Xiao-feng2, LUAN Sheng-ji2,4
1. School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China;
2. Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
3. Bureau of City Appearance, Environment and Sanitation, Changchun 130022, China;
4. PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518057, China

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摘要 

模拟了典型固体燃料的民用燃烧及家庭烹饪食用油过程,分别采用烟尘罩稀释采样系统和小型烟尘罩采集烟气.利用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法测定了5种典型致癌杂环胺的排放特征.估算了2012年杂环胺排放量及不同情景下妇女炊事吸入杂环胺的致癌风险.结果表明,秸秆、薪柴、烟煤、无烟煤燃烧2-氨基-3-甲基-9H-吡啶[2,3-b]吲哚(MeAaC)排放因子均值为5.2~142.9μg/kg、2-氨基-9H-吡啶[2,3-b]吲哚(AaC)排放因子为0.6~37.8μg/kg,2-氨基-1-甲基-6-苯基咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(PhIP)排放因子为1.5~25.9μg/kg.植物油烹调MeAaC和2-氨基-3-甲基咪唑并(4,5-f)喹啉(IQ)排放因子均值分别为6.8μg/kg和1.5μg/kg.动物油烹调MeAaC、2-氨基-3,4-二甲基-3H-咪唑并喹啉(MeIQ)和AaC排放因子均值分别为6.2μg/kg、2.0μg/kg和1.1μg/kg.秸秆使用分别占PhIP、MeAaC和AaC 排放的93.0%、76.2%和76.2%.薪柴使用占AaC、MeAaC和PhIP排放的22.1%、7.7%和4.0%.烟煤使用占MeAaC、 PhIP和AaC排放的15.9%、2.8%和1.8%.健康风险评价表明,在缺乏有效排烟的情况下,使用烟煤(哈尔滨)或秸秆炊事的家庭妇女暴露于杂环胺总致癌风险分别为4.60×10-5和1.84×10-5,超过EPA建议值.使用薪柴或烟煤(包头)炊事的家庭妇女暴露于杂环胺总致癌风险分别为4.50×10-6和4.31×10-6,略高于EPA建议值.使用无烟煤及电能炊事妇女暴露于杂环胺总致癌风险为可忽略水平.

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关键词 杂环胺固体燃料烹调油烟排放因子健康风险评价    
Abstract

To measure the emission characteristics of heterocyclic amines (HAs) from residential solid fuel use (SFU) and cooking oil fumes (COF), a series of laboratory simulations were conducted. The particulates emitted from SFU were collected by a hood dilution sampling system. The particulates emitted from COF were collected by a small hood system. Five species of HAs were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with UV detector. For crop residues, firewood, bituminous coal and anthracite coal burning, emission factors (EFs) of MeAaC ranged from 5.2 to 142.9μg/kg, EFs of AaC ranged from 0.6 to 37.8μg/kg, EFs of PhIP ranged from 1.5 to 25.9μg/kg. EFs of MeAaC and IQ from cooking plant oil were 6.8 and 1.5μg/kg. EFs of MeAaC, MeIQ and AaC from cooking animal oil were 6.2, 2.0 and 1.1μg/kg. PhIP, MeAaC and AaC emitted from crop residues burning accounted for 93.0%, 76.2% and 76.2% of total rural emissions. AaC, MeAaC and PhIP emitted from firewood burning accounted for 22.1%, 7.7% and 4.0%. MeAaC, PhIP and AaC emitted from residential bituminous coal use accounted for 15.9%, 2.8% and 1.8%. Under no effective smoke extraction conditions, the total excessive risk of cancer for rural women after exposing to HAs from bituminous coal (Harbin) and crop residues burning were 4.60×10-5 and 1.84×10-5, which exceeded EPA's recommend value of 10-6. The risk of exposing to HAs from bituminous coal (Baotou) and firewood burning were 4.50×10-6 and 4.31×10-6, which were relatively higher than EPA's recommend value. The total excessive risk of cancer were negligible when using anthracite coal and electricity for cooking.

Key wordsheterocyclic Amines    solid fuel use    cooking oil fume    emission factors    health risk assessment   
收稿日期: 2015-12-09     
: X511  
基金资助:

国家自然科学青年基金(41405114);中国博士后基金面上资助(2014M560854)

通讯作者: 责任作者,教授,luansj@pkusz.edu.cn     E-mail: luansj@pkusz.edu.cn
作者简介: 张宜升(1982-),男,山东潍坊人,讲师,博士.主要从事大气环境化学、大气污染源排放特征、有毒有害物质等研究.发表论文10余篇.
引用本文:   
张宜升, 李文秀, 曹美娜, 冯凝, 何凌燕, 黄晓锋, 栾胜基. 民用固体燃料及烹调油烟杂环胺排放及健康风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016, 36(7): 2196-2204. ZHANG Yi-sheng, LI Wen-xiu, CAO Mei-na, FENG Ning, HE Ling-yan, HUANG Xiao-feng, LUAN Sheng-ji. Emission characteristics and health risks assessment of heterocyclic amines from residential solid fuel use and cooking oils fumes. CHINA ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCECE, 2016, 36(7): 2196-2204.
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